A POPULATION STUDY OF CHARA ZEYLANICA IN TEXAS,OKLAHOMA, AND NEW MEXICO

Examination of 140 collections of Chara zeylanica from 3 southwestern states shows that a strong dichotomy exists in the collections. Some produce 4-plated antheridia while others produce 8-plated antheridia. Absolute separation of the study material is possible on the basis of plate number. In addition, 3 other characters (length/width ratio of oospores; fertility of first branchlet node; and number of distal ecorticate branchlet internodes) show strong correlation with the antheridial type. Preliminary chromosomal work indicates that a segregation at this level may also be possible. In 4-plated collections examined, n = 28; 8-plated collections are usually n = 56; however, a few 8-plated collections are n = 42. No conclusion has been reached regarding the status of the latter collections.     

青海省虻科一新种及二种雄虻记述(双翅目:虻科)

本文记述青海省瘤虻属一新种,以及过去未记载的Haemetopota ustulata(Kr(?)ber),Tabanus grandicaudus Xu,的雄虫。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。 1.无带瘤虻Hybomitra(Tibetomyia)afasciata新种(图1)     

脑部刺激、镇痛药和电针穴位对刺激猫被盖外侧部引起的怒叫反应的影响

34只猫在浅麻醉下,以方波电刺激中脑“怒叫中枢”引起的叫反应为指标,观察到:镇痛药、电针穴位及脑部刺激对叫反应都有压抑作用,痛刺激使叫反应增强,多次单独刺激“怒叫中枢”叫反应均较恒定。提示这种叫反应与痛有关。     

INFLUENCE OF SUCCESSIVE AND COMBINED ULTRAVIOLET A AND B IRRADIATIONS ON MATRIX METALLOELASTASES PRODUCED BY HUMAN DERMAL FIBROBLASTS IN CULTURE

To study the cumulative influence of UV irradiations on skin matrix alterations, human skin fibroblasts were irradiated successively three-fold, at 24h intervals, with UVA (3×5J/cm²), UVB (3×8mJ/cm²), UVA plus UVB (3×5J/cm²and 3×8mJ/cm²) and the levels of 92kDa gelatinase (pro-MMP₉), 72kDa gelatinase (pro-MMP₂) and plasma-membrane elastase type protease were determined, following subsequent 24-h culture in 10% serum-containing medium. UV irradiations had only minor influence (1.4-fold increase for UVB) on secreted levels of pro-MMP₂and decreased the amount of plasma membrane elastase produced by cells. It did however, for UVA and UVB alone, induce a significant increase of 66kDa activated MMP₂production: 2.5- and 1.7-fold respectively. Such enhancement was not observed when combined irradiations were administered. UV exposure possessed a much higher influence on pro-MMP₉secretion by dermal fibroblast enhancing enzyme levels by 2.5-, 6.5- and 5-fold for UVA, UVB and UVA+UVB, respectively.     

REPORT ON 12 SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF CHIGGERS IN CHINA, INCLUDING SIX NEW SPECIES AND TWO NEW VARIETIES, AND THE CREATION OF A NEW GENUS

The present paper reports in detail 12 species and varieties of trombiculid mites. Of these eight are believed to be new to science. Besides, a new genus is also created to accommodate certain species which are incompatible with other species originally found in the same genus. The 12 species and varieties are distributed in three subfamilies, and their names are as follows:     

电剌激及心肌缺血所致豚鼠心脏神经肽Y释放变化的研究

电剌激豚鼠心脏左星状交感神经节,可引起钙依赖性的神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）胞外释放,缺血１０ｍｉｎ后行电刺激（Ｓ２）,与对照期（Ｓ１）比较,ＮＰＹ释放无明显变化,缺血２０ｍｉｎ后行电剌激,ＮＰＹ释放受到一定程度的抑制,（Ｓ２／Ｓ１：０．７２,Ｐ＜０．０５）,而再灌注５ｍｉｎ后行电剌激ＮＰＹ释放抑制作用逐步消失,与Ｓ１比较,已无明显减少（Ｓ２／Ｓ１;１．０１,Ｐ＞０．０５）。仅缺血无电剌激几乎不引起ＮＰＹ释放。这些结果提示,电剌激交感神经节可致ＮＰＹ呈现一种钙依赖性出胞释放,缺血早期ＮＰＹ释放受到某些代谢产物抑制,恢复再灌注后,代谢产物逐步冲洗出,抑制作用也随之消失。     

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE STIMULATION OF THE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2-ACYLATION SYSTEM OF SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES OF BRAIN, BY NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND OTHER AGONISTS

Methacholine, nicotine and succinylcholine stimulated the phospholipase A2-acylation system of synaptic membranes isolated from the cerebral cortex of guinea pig. Stimulation by acetylcholine was partially blocked by atropine and by D-tuberocurarine respectively, indicating both muscarinic and nicotinic stimulation. Muscarinic stimulation by acetylcholine was greater than -isotinic stimulation, and stimulation by acetylcholine was completely blocked by a combip, or;. and n-tuberocurarine. The phospholipase A2-acylat tem was stimulated by phenylcphrine., id. Cqxoterenoi. Stimulation by noradrenaline was J-. tidlr, by phenoxybenzamine and pindalol i:spectively, indicating both 8-adrenergic and P-adrenergic ztimulation. n-Adrenergic stimulation by noradrenaline was greater than P-adrenergic-stimulation. 5 -mlation by noradrenaline was completely blocked by a combination of phenoxybenzamins and pindalol. Stimulation of both acylation and phospholipid hydrolysis, by 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine were partially blocked by methysergide and diphenhydramine respectively. Stimulation by dopamine was blocked by halopcridol. Stimulation by y-aminobutyric acid was partially blocked by strychnine and by picrotoxin. Dichloroisoproterenol, atropine, methysergidr, diphenhydramine, strychnine, picrotoxin and eserine, at relatively high concentrations (1 mM), stimuhted the phospholipase A2-acylation system. Synergistic stimulations of both acylatior, and hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine, were observed by adenosine combined with noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, dopamine or yaminobutyric acid, respectively. In the presence of ATP-MgCI, synergistic stimulations of the hydrolysis of phosphatidyicholine were observed after 30 s by noradrenaline combined with 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, dopamine, aminobutyric acid or carbamoylcholine respectively. In the presence of GTP-MgC12 synergistic stimulations were obtained by cdrbamoylcholine combined with noradrenaline. 5-hydroxytryptamine. histamine, dopamine or y-aminobutyric acid, respectively. In the presence of ATP-MgC12 plus GTP-MgC12, stimulation by noradrenaline and one other agonist including 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, dopamine, y-aminobutyric acid or carbamoylcholine were close to additive.     

我国首例肺微小根毛霉病及其致病菌的分离和培养

本文报告1例肺结核和糖尿病并发由微小根毛霉(Rhizomuror pusillus)所致的肺微小根毛霉病。首次在我国从病人的肺组织活检标本分离出该种真菌。此菌可在几种琼脂培养基20°—45℃条件下生长,最适温度为37℃。菌落在初期白色,然后变成褐色厚毡状。在光学显微镜下可看到孢囊梗假轴状分枝,初期无色,然后变为褐色。孢子囊直径50—90μm,呈灰色,后变为褐色。孢子囊成熟后囊壁消解。囊轴卵形或梨形,直径45—48μm。在有性期,接合孢子球形,直径43—63μm,初呈褐色,后变为黑色,表面粗糙或凹凸不平。在透射电子显微镜下,孢囊孢子呈不规则卵形,直径2—5μm;在扫描电子显微镜下,孢囊孢子形态与上述相同。本菌实验感染家兔、豚鼠和小白鼠显示毒力很强,动物于接种后3—10天内全部死亡。从感染动物的脏器分离出本菌。采用中、西医结合治疗,病人痊愈。     

延髓中线区微量注射5-羟色胺、吗啡等药物对刺激兔下丘脑诱发室性期前收缩的影响

兔廷髓中线区微量注射5-羟色胺(10μg溶于2μl中)或吗啡(10μg溶于2μl中)可减少刺激下丘脑诱发的室性期前收缩(HVE),微量注射肉桂硫胺(4μg溶于2μl中)或纳络酮(4μg溶于2μl中)可在多数动物中引起 HVE 短时内增多。先微量注射肉桂硫胺(2μg溶于1μl中)再微量注射吗啡(10μg溶于1μl中)或先微量注射纳络酮(2μg溶于1μl中)再微量注射5-羟色胺(10μg溶于1μl中),均不能明显影响吗啡、5-羟色胺对 HVE 的抑制效应。延髓中线区微量注射去甲肾卜腺素(2—4μg溶于2—4μl中)不能象在中脑中央灰质微量注射那样使 HVE 增多。对照组动物延髓中线区微量注射生理盐水(2μl)对 HVE 无明显影响。结果提示:延髓中线区5-羟色胺受体和阿片受体的活动对 HVE 有抑制作用。     

成人肾恶性横纹肌样瘤的研究:1例报告及文献复习

应用组织化学、免疫组织化学及电镜技术对我国首例成人肾恶性横纹肌样瘤（ｍ ａｌｉｎｇａｎｔｒｈａｂｄｏｉｄｔｕｍ ｏｒ, ＭＲＴ） 进行了研究, 与婴幼儿ＭＲＴ相比本例有以下临床病理特点： （１） 以血尿为早期和唯一症状,肿块缺乏特征性ＣＴ 改变; （２） 光镜下大量ＰＡＳ阳性嗜酸性球形小体多位于细胞外, 电镜下细胞外小体由微丝构成并有界膜包绕; （３） 免疫组化显示肿瘤细胞向神经外胚层、横纹肌和组织细胞多向性分化; （４） 肿瘤侵袭力较低, 高度表达ｎｍ ２３－Ｈ１ 蛋白, 随访１８个月术后化疗效果佳, 提示其恶性度较婴幼儿ＭＲＴ 低。     

中国鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种及其生态和适应(鲤形目:鲤科)

1999年 11月在广西都安县下坳乡一岩洞地下水中采到 1尾鱼类标本 ,经鉴定为金线属一新种。新种与大鳞金线S .macrolepis和陆良金线S .macroscalus相近。但新种在背腹鳍相对位置以及背鳍末根不分枝鳍条后缘具锯齿等方面与上述两种存在明显差异 ;特别是该新种仅局限分布于洞穴中 ,就其生境来说也与上述两种更为不同。此外 ,新种头长与吻长和头长与眼径的比例是目前该属内已知最小的 ,眼明显偏大 ,反映出其对弱光生境条件的适应。     

江苏省云台山白粉菌研究 V. 白粉菌的一新变种和一新记录种

报道了白粉菌目的一个新变种和一个中国新记录种。新变种:苋生蒙加拉白粉菌Erysiphemunjalii var.amaranthicola,寄生在苋科皱果苋Amaranthus viridis上;新记录种:山田叉丝壳Microsphaera yamadai,寄生在鼠李科拐枣Hovenia dulcis上。新变种有中文和拉丁文描述。研究标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)。     

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION,SURVIVAL, AND FECUNDITY OF DIOON EDULE (ZAMIACEAE) IN A TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST IN VERACRUZ,MEXICO, WITH NOTES ON ITS HABITAT

A natural habitat of the cycad Dioon edule Lindl. in central Veracruz, Mexico is described. Prolonged drought periods and fire are factors contributing to seedling death resulting in a population structure with a reverse ‘J’ or Deevey type III survivorship curve. The cycads exhibited a ‘clumped’ or contagious distribution on shallow soils of the habitat and on rocky outcrops. This distribution was attributed to exclusion by competition from other species for water, soil nutrients, and/or seed dispersal by rodents. Estimated coning frequency varied from 2.8 to 8.8 years in male plants and from 10.0 to 52.0 years in female plants, though shorter intervals are known to occur, especially following exceptionally wet years. Chamberlain's age estimate for D. edule has been confirmed and a life table is presented.     

中国纩蚜属研究及新种新亚种记述(同翅目:纩蚜科)(英文)

通过对中国纩蚜属的研究,作者提出纩蚜属的现代地理分布呈岛状分布的格局;并推测该属的起源中心可能在欧洲,现代分化中心可能在中国的横断山脉地区。从动物地理的角度,探讨了该属内的系统发育关系。同时,发现一新种,即云杉纩蚜Mindaurspiceasuctusspnov.。正模为无翅孤雌蚜,副模为5只有翅孤雌蚜和8只无翅孤雌蚜,分布在云南省昆明市,辽宁省沈阳市和熊岳县。一新亚种,即冷杉纩蚜三圈亚种M.abietinustriprimesensorissp.nov.,正模为有翅孤雌蚜,副模为3只有翅孤雌蚜,分布在云南省丽江市玉龙山。一新纪录种,即冷杉纩蚜指名亚种M.abietinusabietinusKoch1856。并且给出种的检索表,模式标本存放在中国科学院动物研究所标本馆。