A new species of Bricelochlorops Paganelli and the first record of Urubambina rufa (Duda) (Diptera: Chloropidae) from Brazil

The subfamily Chloropinae comprises about 442 described species, with only one species recorded from the Brazilian Amazon. The genus Bricelochlorops Paganelli was represented by a unique species from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The species Urubambina rufa (Duda) is the only species of the genus Urubambina Paganelli and has been recorded only from Peru. A new species of Bricelochlorops, B. celutae sp. nov., is described here and Urubambina rufa is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Both species were collected in the state of Acre. A key to species of Bricelochlorops is provided.     

A new species of Ulmeritoides from Brazil (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)

The leptophlebiid mayfly genus Ulmeritoides is composed of nine species, three of which have been recorded in Brazil: U. patagianus, U. uruguayensis, and U. misionensis. In the present paper, a new species of this genus, Ulmeritoides oepa sp.nov., is described and illustrated based on fifteen larvae collected in Uraricoera River, state of Roraima, northern Brazil. The species was compared to U. misionensis, U. tifferae, and U. guanacaste, the other species of Ulmeritoides known from the larval stage. U. opea sp.nov. can be distinguished from these species by the following combination of characteristics: 1) medial denticle on anteromedian emargination of labrum much larger than others; 2) anterior tibiae slightly stained black toward the apex; 3) medial femora with few dorsal spines, similar to short thick needles; 4) hind femora with numerous dorsal spines, similar to short thick needles; 5) medial femora with no medial black markings, apical brown markings. The new species seems to be more closely related to U. misionensis, another species in which the anteromedian emargination of the labrum has a median denticle much larger than the others. The studied specimens were deposited in the Invertebrates Collection of the Amazonian Research National Institute, Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil, and in the Entomological Collection of the Department of Zoology, Federal University of Rio Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.     

Phylogenetic relationships of Danio within the order Cypriniformes: a framework for comparative and evolutionary studies of a model species

The evolutionary relationships of species of Danio and the monophyly and phylogenetic placement of the genus within the family Cyprinidae and subfamily Rasborinae provide fundamentally important phyloinformatics necessary for direct evaluations of an array of pertinent questions in modern comparative biology. Although the genus Danio is not one of the most diverse within the family, Danio rerio is one of the most important model species in biology. Many investigations have used this species or presumed close relatives to address specific questions that have lasting impact on the hypothesis and theory of development in vertebrates. Largely lacking from this approach has been a holistic picture of the exact phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships of this species and its close relatives. One thing that has been learned over the previous century is that many organismal attributes (e.g., developmental pathways, ecologies, behaviors, speciation) are historically constrained and their origins and functions are best explained via a phylogenetic approach. Herein, we provide a molecular evaluation of the phylogenetic placement of the model species Danio rerio within the genus Danio and among hypothesized closely related species and genera. Our analysis is derived from data using two nuclear genes (RAG1, rhodopsin) and five mitochondrial genes (ND4, ND4L, ND5, COI, cyt b) evaluated using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. The family Cyprinidae is resolved as monophyletic but the subfamily Rasborinae (priority over Danioinae) is an unnatural assemblage. Danio is identified as a monophyletic group sister to a clade inclusive of the genera Chela, Microrasbora, Devario, and Inlecypris, not Devario nor Esomus as hypothesized in previous studies. Danio rerio is sister to D. kyathit among the species of Danio evaluated in this analysis. Microrasbora and Rasbora are non-monophyletic assemblages; however, Boraras is monophyletic.     

A new species of the spider genus Baalzebub (Araneae,Theridiosomatidae) from Brazilian caves

A new species of the spider genus Baalzebub Coddington from Brazil, B. acutum sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on 95 specimens collected from caves around the Iron Quadrangle in the state of Minas Gerais. This species is recognized by male palpal bulb with strong and large conductor covering almost entire embolus, and epigyne of females with long and tapered scape, which extends towards the spinners. Baalzebub acutum sp. nov. is the second species recorded from Brazil, the first for Brazilian caves, bringing the total number of species in the genus to seven in the world.     

Two new species of Hippocrateaceae from Brazil

Two new species of Hippocrateaceae from Brazil are described and illustrated:Pristimera sclerophylla Lombardi, the one species of the genus that occurs in the xerophytic vegetation of northeastern Brazil, andCheiloclinium puberulum Lombardi, a species with puberulent inflorescences from the rain forests of the Amazon basin.     

A new species of Amblyodus Westwood, 1878 (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Dynastinae) from South America

A second species of Amblyodus Westwood, 1878, Amblyodus castroi sp. n., is described from the northern South America based on 12 specimens from Brazil and Peru (Amazonian subregion). The new species is here compared with the type species of the genus, Amblyodus taurus Westwood, 1878 and both species and their male genitalia are illustrated. Diagnostic characters for the genus are discussed, especially the metatibial teeth. A distribution map including the type species and the new species is provided. The genus Amblyodus is recorded for the first time from Peru and from Brazil states of Pará and Rondônia.     

齿梗孢属二新种

报道分离自土壤中的齿梗孢属 Scolecobasidium 二新种:椭圆齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium ellipticum 和小孢齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium microsporum。椭圆齿梗孢与亚马逊齿梗孢 S. amazonense、粗腐植齿梗孢 S. crassihumicola 和倒卵齿梗孢 S. obovatum 形态近似,区别在于 S. amazonense 的分生孢子倒卵形,常在分生孢子基部形成一横隔膜,同样 S. crassihumicola 的分生孢子也仅具一横隔膜;S. obovatum 的分生孢子(10-25×4-6μm)明显地较新种的大,且表面光滑,因此容易区分。小孢齿梗孢与嗜粪齿梗孢 S. coprophilum、腐植齿梗孢 S. humicola 和小疣齿梗孢 S. verruculosum 分生孢子形态有些相似,但新种的分生孢子明显小于 S. coprophilum(6-12.5×2.8-4.2μm)和 S. humicola(7-13×2.8-4μm, Matsushima,1971)的,分生孢子梗也明显较后两者的短;此外,新种的分生孢子密生刺突,而 S. verruculosum 分生孢子表面遍生小疣,使它们陪此易于区分。二新种的模式标本(干制培养物)保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

A global molecular phylogeny of 147 periwinkle species (Gastropoda,Littorininae)

Reid, D. G., Dyal, P. & Williams, S.T. (2012) A global molecular phylogeny of 147 periwinkle species (Gastropoda, Littorininae). —Zoologica Scripta, 41, 125–136. Complete species‐level molecular phylogenies have been published for several genera of Littorinidae (e.g. Echinolittorina, Littoraria). Here we add new sequence data from three genes (28S rRNA, 12S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I) for single specimens of an additional 24 species, to make a data set of 147 (97%) of the 152 recognized species of the subfamily Littorininae. This three‐gene data set is analysed to produce a phylogenetic hypothesis for the subfamily, which includes the first complete species‐level phylogeny of the genus Peasiella and the first three‐gene phylogeny of all Littorina species. The non‐planktotrophic species of Littorina have previously been classified together (as subgenus Neritrema), implying a single origin of this developmental mode. Tests of this hypothesis with the new data are inconclusive, and resolution is not improved in a tree constructed from five genes (adding previously published sequences of 16S rRNA and cytochrome b). Using available fossils for calibration we generate a BEAST chronogram, which emphasizes that the radiation of Littorina is more recent than that of other littorinine genera. A database is provided, listing all known species of Littorininae, with their distributions, development, ecology and gene sequences, as a tool for future evolutionary studies of this model group.     

A new species of the ghost shrimp genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callianassidae) from the southwestern Atlantic

ABSTRACT

A new species of ghost shrimp, Neocallichirus pinheiroi, is described based on specimens collected in subtidal habitats of Saquaira beach, northeastern coast of Brazil. This new species resembles N. lemaitrei Manning, 1993, but differs from it primarily in having a third maxilliped propodus expanded ventrally, and in the case of males, a large subtriangular tooth on the cutting edge of the major cheliped dactylus. Diagnostic features of the new species include: (i) frontal margin of carapace with rounded lateral projections not exceeding rostrum distal margin, (ii) third maxilliped carpus with row of sclerotized setae on median internal surface, (iii) minor cheliped with cutting edge of dactylus microscopically pectinate, (iv) endopod of male second pleopod with appendices interna and masculina. This is the seventh described species of the genus Neocallichirus from the western Atlantic and the fourth report of this genus in Brazil. A key for identification of western Atlantic species belonging to the genus is provided.     

A new species of Herpetogramma (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Spilomelinae) from eastern North America

Herpetogramma sphingealissp. n., a new species of Crambidae (Lepidoptera), is described from Québec, Canada. The species is included in the genus Herpetogramma Led., 1863, a genus in the subfamily Spilomelinae. Adults and genitalia of this species are described and illustrated, as well as those of Herpetogramma aeglealis (Walker, 1859) and Herpetogramma thestealis (Walker, 1859), and adults of the semi-melanic form of Herpetogramma aeglealis are illustrated.     

Discovery of an alien species of mayfly in South America (Ephemeroptera)

Despite its wide, almost worldwide distribution, the mayfly genus Cloeon Leach, 1815 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) is restricted in the Western hemisphere to North America, where a single species is reported. In the Neotropics, except for some species wrongly attributed to the genus in the past, there are no records of Cloeon. Recently, however, specimens of true Cloeon were collected along the coast of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. In order to verify the hypothesis that this species was recently introduced to Brazil, our aim was to identify the species based on morphological and molecular characters and to confirm the presence of true representatives of the genus in the Neotropics. Our results revealed that the specimens found in Brazil belong to the Afrotropical species C. smaeleni Lestage, 1924. The identity of the species, its distribution, along with its previous absence in regularly sampled sites, is a clear sign that the specimens of C. smaeleni found in Espírito Santo are introduced, well established, and that the colonization took place very recently.     

Descriptions of a new Brazilian Tacora species and the female of Tacora saturata, and a key to the species of the genus (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini)

Tacora johanni, a new species from Rondônia State, North Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species can be recognized by the male genital features, especially the subgenital plates with the basal half distinctly expanded and with outer lateral margin round, the long and slender preapical pygofer process, and the styles with apical half strongly curved. Also, the genus is recorded for the first time from Venezuela, based on specimens of Tacora saturata Young, 1977, while the female of this species (here described in detail for the first time) shows two unusual features of the genitalia. A key to males of all known Tacora species and a map showing the known distribution of the genus are provided.     

Araucnephia iberaensis n. sp., a neotropical black fly with a peculiar distribution (Diptera-Simuliidae)

Araucnephia Wygodzinsky & Coscarón is a Neotropical black fly genus in which only one species from Central Chile is known. Another species has now been found in Corrientes province on the eastern side of the Iberá tropical swamps of Argentina, on the western border of the mountainous region of southern Brazil. This new species, A. iberaensis, is herein described and illustrated and information on its bionomics is recorded. It is an interesting species because previous to its discovery no black fly genus or subgenus from Central Chile region has been found in tropical areas, because these two regions are separated by the Monte and Pampas realms. Similarly, no Brazilian genus or subgenus has crossed the Andes mountains to Chile. A comparison with other Neotropical, Nearctic, Ethiopian (Afrotropical) and Australian Prosimuliini (sensu Crosskey & Howard) showed Araucnephia to be a valid taxon most closely related to Araucnephioides (sympatric in Chile). Araucnephia also shows great affinities with Lutzsimulium from Southeast Brazil and Argentina and Paracnephia from South Africa.     

捷克Moravian博物馆馆藏巨索杆蝉属两种的再描记（同翅目：叶蝉科：杆叶蝉亚科）

作为杆叶蝉亚科分类订正研究的一部分,本文依据捷克Moravian 博物馆收藏的Karasekia 属的模式标本和定名标本及英国自然博物馆（BM）馆藏定名标本对该属20世纪初记述的该属2个已知种作了再描记、绘出了形态特征图,并补充了属征。所有研究标本均归还原所属博物馆保藏。 巨索杆蝉属Karasekia Melichar Karasekia Melichar, 1912c117. 模式种 巨索杆蝉Karasekia lata (Melichar)。 分布 非洲。 1．巨索杆蝉Karasekia lata (Melichar) （图1） Wolfella lata Melichar,1905a299. Karasekia lata (Melichar), Melichar,1912c118. 分布 Tanganyika, 非洲。 观察标本 1♀ (正模,无腹部和前胸背板), Amani, 1904-Ⅲ-23, L. Melichar 采;1♂, Maherangulu, 东非;标本均借自 Moravian Museum, Brno。 2．冠齿巨索杆蝉Karasekia pugionata Melichar (图2) Karasekia pugionata Melichar, 1912c118. 分布Tanganyika, 肯尼亚,非洲。 观察标本 2♀♀(全模标本,MM),Maherangulu, 东非,L.Melichar 采。 1♂( ?, 无腹部末端), 1♀（BM,1961-343）, 肯尼亚Emali Range, Sultan Hamud, (1493 m～1798 m), P. E. S.和 E. M. Whalley采;2♀♀（BM,1961-343）,肯尼亚Wandanyi (1524 m),P. E. S. 和E. M. Whalley采;W. Knight鉴定。     

New species of grasses in Arberella,Cryptochloa, and Raddia (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae)

Two new species are described inArberella, one from Panama (Arberella lancifolia) and one from Bahia, Brazil (a. bahiensis), the latter representing a considerable extension of the known range of the genus.Cryptochloa decumbens, described from Panama, brings to ten the species recognized in this genus andRaddia angustifolia, from Bahia, increases to five the number of species in that genus. Each new species is fully illustrated and keyed.     

A new subfamily of Braconidae, the Vaepellinae, based on a new genus and species from Ghana (Insecta, Hymenoptera)

Vaepellis gen.n. (type species: V. varica sp.n.) from Ghana is described and illustrated. On the basis of the numerous unique apomorphies displayed by Vaepellis , including a comparatively long, clubbed scapus, a densely short-setose body, very short palps and hind tibial spurs, very small eyes and ocelli and massive legs, this genus is placed in a new subfamily separated from its sister group the Braconinae.     

Taxonomic status of Chinese bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis) and its phylogenetic relationship with other species in the family Sciaenidae

Sciaenidae is one of the largest fish families, but the phylogeny and taxonomy of these fishes are still being disputed. Furthermore, the taxonomic status of the Chinese bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis), which is an endemic species to China, had never been studied through molecular method. In this study, phylogenetic relationships among sciaenid species were reconstructed using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene through Bayesian inference (BI) analyses. The phylogenetic trees indicated that the Chinese bahaba closely related to Collichthys and Pseudosciaena. Previous studies (Meng et al. 2004. Prog Nat Sci 14(5):514-521, [in Chinese]) showed that the subfamily Pseudosciaeninae represented the latest evolutionary sort, which was more suitable with the current environment. Based on our 16S rRNA, the Chinese bahaba showed close relationship with Pseudosciaena, thus the divergence of the Chinese bahaba maybe also very late within the family Sciaenidae. It was probably that the oceanographic or ecological discontinuities of these species vary considerably causing particularly strong breaks. Furthermore, combined with previous studies, we suggested that there was only one genus, Otolithes, within the subfamily Otolithinae. Nevertheless, the taxonomic status of the Chinese bahaba and the phylogeny of the whole family were not completely solved. Additional samples of more species are required to develop a clearer picture of the evolutionary history of Sciaenidae.     

中国盾盘菌属分类研究(英文)

对我国盾盘菌属馆藏标本和近年来采集的材料进行分类学研究表明,中国已知该属31种。描述了3个新种,命名为柯氏盾盘菌、长孢盾盘菌和假小孢盾盘菌,对新种与其相近种的区别进行了讨论;根据前人的形态描述,对S. erinaceus,S.olivascens和S. lusatiae在中国的分布提出了质疑;根据对相关馆藏标本的观察,指出S. barlae、S. superba和S. vitreola在我国的报道系基于错误鉴定,它们应从中国物种名录中排除。文中提供了该属中国已知种的分种检索表。