Analysis of blood lymphocyte subsets in children living around Chernobyl exposed long-term to low doses of cesium-137 and various doses of iodine-131

Epidemiological studies have found that children living around Chernobyl have rates of respiratory tract illness that are higher than those seen in the area before the Chernobyl accident. The present study investigates the possible effects of radiation exposure on the composition of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children living around Chernobyl. Two hundred nineteen healthy children and children suffering from recurrent respiratory diseases aged 6-14 years who received both low doses of radiation to the whole body from (137)Cs and various doses of radiation to the thyroid from (131)I as fallout from the accident were assessed 5 (1991) and 8-10 years (1994-1996) after the accident. A total of 148 healthy children and children suffering from recurrent respiratory diseases living in noncontaminated areas were also evaluated as controls. Children with recurrent respiratory diseases who lived around Chernobyl had a significantly lower percentage of T cells and a higher percentage of NK cells compared to control children with recurrent respiratory diseases during the study period. In contrast to the findings in 1991, a significant decrease in the percentage of helper-inducer cells was observed in children with recurrent respiratory diseases in 1994-1996. In contrast to 1991, there is a positive correlation between the percentage of helper-inducer cells, the helper-inducer/cytotoxic-suppressor cell ratio, and the dose of radiation to the thyroid of healthy children from (131)I in 1994-1996. There was a positive correlation between the dose of radiation to the thyroid from (131)I and the percentage of helper-inducer cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases 5 years (1991) after the accident. Further, the dose of radiation to the thyroid from (131)I correlated negatively with the percentage of T and B cells and positively with the percentage of NK cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases 8-10 years (1994-1996) after the accident. These results raise the possibility that long-term exposure to low doses of (137)Cs may have altered the composition of the T-cell subsets and NK cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases. The differences in the composition of the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets between healthy children and those with recurrent respiratory diseases may be attributed to long-term low-dose exposure of the whole body to radiation from (137)Cs and exposure of the thyroid to radiation from (131)I subsequent to the Chernobyl accident.     

匹多莫德对反复呼吸道感染患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化的影响及其临床疗效

目的:研究匹多莫德治疗反复呼吸道感染患儿的临床疗效,并探讨其对患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化的影响。方法:选择我院收治的160例反复呼吸道感染患儿,根据临床治疗方法将其分成研究组(80例)与对照组(80例),对照组采用抗生素或抗病毒、退热、止咳、平喘与化痰等对症治疗,研究组则在对照组的基础上再加用匹多莫德口服。比较两组患儿外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化并分析其临床疗效。结果:研究组治疗总有效率显著优于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平,与治疗前比较明显升高(P0.05),与对照组同期比较具有明显的差异(P0.05)。研究组患儿治疗后白细胞计数及中性粒细胞水平,与治疗前比较无明显差异(P0.05),与对照组同期比较无明显差异(P0.05);对照组治疗前后白细胞计数及中性粒细胞水平无明显差异(P0.05)。研究组患儿咳嗽、发热、喘息、肺部啰音消失时间以及抗生素使用时间均明显少于对照组(P0.01)。研究组与对照组患儿治疗过程中均未发生明显的药物不良反应。结论:匹多莫德治疗反复呼吸道感染患儿疗效确切,能有效改善T淋巴细胞的免疫功能,值得临床推广与应用。     

Cell-mediated immune responses in recurrent herpesvirus infections. I. Lymphocyte proliferation assay.

Studies in immunosuppressed and immunodeficient patients indicate that the cell-mediated immune response appears to be responsible for controlling reactivated herpesvirus infections. In this study, the various parameters of a herpesvirus (types 1 and 2) antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation assay were optimized and used to evaluate individuals with clinical, recurrent HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections. Normal individuals with neutralizing antibody to HSV-1 or HSV-2 responded to virus antigen in culture as well as individuals with recurrent disease. Normal individuals without neutralizing antibody responded with a significantly lower response. Specificity of the lymphocyte proliferation assay was observed most strikingly in normal individuals with a rare HSV-1 infection during the vesicular eruption. Specificity was also observed by determining the ratio of the response to HSV-1 as compared to the response to HSV-2. Evaluated in this manner, individuals with recurrent HSV-1 infections had significantly higher ratios than individuals with HSV-2 infections and vice versa. Data from individuals with recurrent disease was compared to that of normal individuals to determine whether the former demonstrated a specific alteration in this response. Individuals with recurrent disease were found to have higher neutralizing antibody titers than normals. The neutralizing antibody titers in normal individuals correlated well with the lymphocyte proliferation assay results, whereas a similar evaluation in individuals with recurrent disease gave a negative correlation. The ratio of HSV-1 response/HSV-2 response also demonstrated a suppressed response in recurrent infections to the homologous virus during active disease, which disappeared when the individual was convalescent. These studies indicate that individuals with recurrent HSV infections have virus antigen specific alterations of their cell-mediated immune response, which can be associated with their disease.     

Arg753Gln Polymorphism of the Human Toll-like Receptor-2 Gene in Children with Recurrent Febrile Infections

Polymorphisms in toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been reported to increase susceptibility for some diseases. TLR-2 gene polymorphisms in Turkish children with recurrent respiratory tract infections and without well-known humoral immunodeficiencies were examined. The study consisted of 52 children with recurrent infections (study group) and 91 healthy children with a maximum of two infections in a year (control group). Recurrent infection was defined as the presence of at least six febrile bacterial infection episodes in a year. Not only TLR-2 gene polymorphisms but also immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA), IgG subsets (G1, G2, G3), and specific antibody levels (anti-tetanus and anti-hemophilus influenza) were determined to exclude humoral immunodeficiencies. The Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The Arg753Arg genotype was significantly decreased in the study group compared to the control (P < 0.05). Children with recurrent infections were also found to be more frequently Arg753Gln heterozygous (P < 0.05), and their Gln allele distribution was higher than that of the control subjects (23% vs. 4.9%; P < 0.001). In contrast to these results, we did not detect any case with Arg677Trp polymorphism in both groups. These results have indicated that there is a strong significant relationship between susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections and Arg753Gln polymorphism of the TLR-2 gene.     

T lymphocyte subsets in patients with malignant melanoma

Summary T lymphocyte subset profiles were determined by monoclonal antibodies on cryopreserved peripheral blood lymphocytes from 57 patients with malignant melanoma and 19 healthy controls. Quantitation of percentages of total T cells (OKT3.PAN), helper (OKT4.IND) or suppressor (OKT8.SUP) cells, and the ratio of helper/suppressor subsets revealed no correlation of these markers with stage of disease or clinical outcome. A sequential study of these markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes from three stage I melanoma patients with subsequent recurrent disease showed no fluctuations that could be correlated to tumor progression. This study indicates that there is no systemic imbalance in T cell subsets in malignant melanoma and that quantitation of these subsets cannot predict the clinical course of this disease.     

Heavy metals in contact dermatitis: A review

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin reaction caused by direct contact with chemical substances in the environment and can either be irritant or allergic in nature. The clinical symptoms of contact dermatitis, include local skin rash, itching, redness, swelling, and lesions. Nowadays, 15–20% of people have some degree of contact dermatitis, which can be more or less severe. Immune responses in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) are due to the effects of cytokines and allergen-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells on the skin. Acids and alkalis such as drain cleaners, plants such as poinsettias, hair colors, and nail polish remover, are all prominent causes of irritant contact dermatitis (ICDs). Heavy metals are metallic elements with a high atomic weight that are hazardous in low quantities and are known to cause dermatitis after systemic or local exposure. Nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) are among the most common heavy metals used in various industries. Metal allergies may cause ACD and also systemic contact dermatitis (SCD). Contact dermatitis is detected by laboratory tests such as patch testing, lymphocyte stimulation test (LST), and evaluation of cytokine production by primary cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This article presents an update on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ACD and SCD caused by three heavy metals (Cr, Cu, and Pb). Ni is not discussed due to recent coverage. Furthermore, the effects of contact sensitivity to some other heavy metals, such as gold (Au), cobalt (Co), palladium (Pd), and mercury (Hg) are discussed.     

三拗片联合布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入对急性支气管炎患儿炎症细胞因子和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：观察布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入、三拗片联合治疗对急性支气管炎患儿T淋巴细胞亚群、炎症细胞因子的影响。方法：选取2021年1月到2023年1月期间合肥市第二人民医院收治的急性支气管炎患儿78例,按照双色球法将患儿分为对照组和研究组,各为39例。对照组患儿接受布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入,研究组患儿接受三拗片联合布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入。对比两组疗效、炎症因子水平、临床指标、T淋巴细胞亚群和用药安全性。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的喘息缓解时间、咳嗽缓解时间、体温正常缓解时间、肺部啰音缓解时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗7 d后,两组降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗7 d后,两组CD8⁺下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患儿不良反应对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：急性支气管炎患儿采用布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入联合三拗片治疗,有助于缩短临床症状缓解时间,减轻炎症细胞因子水平,调节T淋巴细胞亚群。     

反复呼吸道感染儿童血清维生素A、维生素E水平与免疫球蛋白、T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞及骨密度的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨反复呼吸道感染（RRTI）儿童血清维生素A、维生素E水平与免疫球蛋白（Ig）、T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞及骨密度的关系。方法：选择2018年2月至2020年12月我院儿科收治的107例RRTI患儿（感染组）和83例同期于我院体检的健康儿童（对照组）为研究对象,检测两组血清维生素A、维生素E水平、Ig水平,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞占比以及骨密度。分析维生素A、维生素E与Ig、T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞及骨密度的相关性。结果：感染组血清维生素A、维生素E、IgG、IgA、IgM及外周血CD3⁺T细胞百分比、CD4⁺T细胞百分比、CD3^-CD56⁺ NK细胞百分比、CD56brightNK细胞百分比、CD56dimNK细胞百分比、桡骨和胫骨骨密度均低于对照组（P＜0.05）,外周血CD8⁺T细胞百分比高于对照组（P＜0.05）。血清维生素A及维生素E水平与外周血CD8⁺T细胞百分比呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与IgG、IgA、IgM水平,外周血CD3⁺ T细胞百分比、CD4⁺T细胞百分比、CD3^-CD56⁺ NK细胞百分比、CD56brightNK细胞百分比、CD56dimNK细胞百分比、桡骨和胫骨骨密度呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：RRTI患儿血清维生素A、维生素E水平明显降低,且与免疫功能障碍和骨密度降低有关。     

儿童传染性单核细胞增多症淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的 通过对儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)外周血淋巴细胞亚群的检测,探讨其细胞免疫功能变化与疾病的关系.方法 采用流式细胞仪对35例IM患儿外周血T、B和NK淋巴细胞亚群进行检测,30例健康儿童作为对照组;对患儿中的7例进行治疗2周后细胞亚群的测定以观察动态变化;对患儿进行外周血异型淋巴细胞计数.结果 IM患儿CD3、CD8 T淋巴细胞水平明显升高,CD19、NK、CD4和CD4/CD8值水平明显降低,分别与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义.7例IM患儿治疗2周后T细胞亚群的测定值与入院时比较差异有统计学意义,治疗前CD4、CD4/CD8值低于治疗后,治疗前CD8高于治疗后.IM患儿急性期CD8、CD4/CD8水平与患儿外周血异型淋巴细胞百分率(≤10％和＞10％)的差异有统计学意义.结论 检测淋巴细胞亚群对评估IM患儿的细胞免疫状况,辅助诊断和指导治疗具有重要的临床价值.     

T and B lymphocytes and serum alpha 1-antitrypsin activity in children with bronchial asthma treated with broncho-vaxom

The aim of this study was to evaluate an effect of Broncho-Vaxom treatment on T and B lymphocytes and serum alpha 1AT in children treated at "Zuch" sanatorium in Szczawno-spa. The trial involved 46 school aged children suffering from infectious or infectious-atopic asthma. The post-Broncho-Vaxom treatment values for T lymphocytes were significantly higher in infectious, and significantly lower for B lymphocytes in infectious-atopic asthma. Serum alpha 1AT activity in children suffering from infectious asthma decreased significantly after the treatment. A correlation between the efficacy of the treatment and the lymphocyte percentage was observed. In children with very effective clinical results of Broncho-Vaxom treatment, the significant increase in T lymphocyte, and decrease in B lymphocyte populations was observed. Changes in T and B lymphocyte percentage were analysed in respect to alpha 1AT pre-treatment activity. In children with high alpha 1AT value, T lymphocytes after the treatment increased significantly in infectious, and B lymphocytes decreased significantly in infectious-atopic group.     

The immune system response to Campylobacter infection

Campylobacter may be one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis (GE) in children. It has recently been suggested that it is one of the bacterial pathogens most likely to infect immune-compromised children, and it may facilitate colonization of enteric pathogens. The immune system response was studied in 12 children with Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni (CBJ) infections. Serum concentrations of IgA, IgM, and IgG were analyzed using a Beckman auto-analyzer. Sera specific Ab to CBJ were tested with CBJ specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes was performed to three lectins: Con A, PWM, and PHA. The lymphocyte blast transformation to Campylobacter was studied using the Campylobacter antigen. T-cell subsets were studied using the monoclonal antibodies Leu 2, 3, and 4 (Becton Dickinson). Chemotaxis was measured in modified Boyden chambers; chemotactic stimulants were the Formyl Met Leu Phe, Campylobacter antigen virion, and E. coli 0111 B. Immunoglobulins were normal in nine cases and abnormal in two children previously diagnosed as agammaglobulinemic and one diagnosed as hypoagammaglobulinemic. Specific serum Ab level was significantly higher in the CBJ group, except in the agammaglobulinemic group. Stimulation indices to mitogens and monoclonal subset were in the normal range. The blastogenic transformation to CBJ Ag was decreased compared to normal lectins, and positive and high compared to controls. The chemotactic activity to campylobacter Ag was decreased in comparison to other stimulants. Most CBJ infections are self-limiting due to a normal immune response and collaboration of all cellular limbs. When, however, the immune response is disturbed, we may find a prolonged and complicated course of CBJ.     

Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Typing as a Useful Tool to Objectify the Oral Mucosa Patch Test in the Diagnosis of Allergic Contact Mucositis to Nickel

Nickel (Ni) exposure through the intestinal mucosa may cause a hypersensitivity reaction recently defined as allergic contact mucositis (ACM). This condition is identifiable by the oral mucosa patch test (omPT), a qualitative and subjective examination that requires clinical expertise. Our aim was to evaluate if a peripheral blood lymphocyte typing performed before and after the omPT for Ni may be able to objectify this examination for diagnostic purposes. Thirty patients with symptoms referable to the ingestion of Ni-rich foods were subjected to omPT for Ni. Before and after the omPT, each patient underwent blood sampling for the typing of total lymphocytes and their subsets (T, T helper or Th, T cytotoxic or Tc, B, natural killer or NK). Statistical analysis was performed by Student t test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. According to the omPT outcomes, 18 patients were defined as Ni-sensitive and the remaining 12 as controls. In Ni-sensitive patients, the number of total, T, Th, Tc, and B lymphocytes/μL whole blood increased after the omPT (p?<?0.0001 for the first three, p?=?0.0004 and p?=?0.0001 for the last two lymphocyte types). No omPT-dependent lymphocyte increase was observed in controls. The post/pre omPT cell ratio, especially if calculated for Th lymphocytes, appears to be an effective index for diagnostic purposes (sensitivity?=?100 %, specificity?=?83.3 %, Youden index?=?0.833, area under curve (AUC)?=?0.926, p?<?0.0001). In conclusion, the peripheral blood lymphocyte typing with calculation of post/pre omPT cell ratio has the potential to support the omPT in diagnosing ACM, with the advantage of providing quantitative and objective data.     

Administration of levamisole to children with kidney disease exacerbation caused by recurrent respiratory infections

Levamisole (2.1-3.1 mg/kg twice a week) was administered to 6 children aged between 20 months and 6.5 years for 1 to 4 months. All children suffered form the renal diseases exacerbation (nephrotic syndrome and pyelonephritis--2 children, lipoid nephrosis and pyelonephritis--2 children, pyelonephritis with glomerular reactions--1 child, recurrent pyelonephritis--1 child) due to recurrent respiratory infections levamisole improved both clinical and biochemical parameters of renal disease. Subsequent respiratory infections were milder and less frequent. Transient decrease in thrombocyte count was seen in 4 children after 2-8 weeks of therapy with levamisole. An increase in AspAT and (or) AlAT was noted in 2 children after 1-2 months of therapy. Levamisole was withdrawn in 2 children after 30 days due to an increase in AspAT activity, prolongation of blood clotting time and thrombocytopenia.     

Lymphocyte subset analysis for the assessment of treatment-related complications after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma

Background aimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between infused lymphocyte populations and lymphocyte subsets at engraftment, and the early clinical implications of lymphocyte subset recovery after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsWe examined the lymphocyte populations of infused autografts and the lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood at engraftment from 50 patients using flow cytometry. Each subset was grouped as low (below median) and high (above median) to examine the correlation with mucositis of grade 3 or more and the occurrence of infections and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation.ResultsUsing Spearman correlation coefficients, we found that cell doses of infused CD8⁺ (P = 0.042) and CD19⁺ cells (P = 0.044) were significantly associated with the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) at engraftment. The dose of infused CD34⁺ cells was not associated with the change of lymphocyte subsets except for an inverse correlation with CD4⁺ cells (P = 0.006). After adjusting for potential variables in univariate analysis, multivariate analyzes revealed that the lower ratio of infused CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ cells (P = 0.030) was an independent factor for severe mucositis. Of lymphocyte subsets at engraftment, a higher frequency of CD3⁺ (P = 0.024) and a lower frequency of CD56⁺ (P = 0.020) were independent predictors for infections after engraftment. A higher frequency of CD8⁺ cells (P = 0.041) and a lower ratio of CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ (P = 0.021) were independent predictors for CMV reactivation.ConclusionsOur data suggest that lymphocyte subset analysis of infused autograft and peripheral blood at engraftment may provide new predictors for early complications after ASCT in patient with MM.     

肾移植术后HCMV感染与淋巴细胞亚群及肾功能的相关性

目的：肾移植患者由于术前透析及术后服用免疫抑制剂,显著增加了人巨细胞病毒（Humancytomegalovirus,HCMV）原发感染和潜伏感染被激活的机会。观察HCMV感染情况与血T淋巴细胞亚群及肾功能的变化,以探讨其相关性及临床意义。方法：跟踪收集40例肾移植患者术前、术后血标本,应用RT-PCR技术检测HCMV,流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞亚群,结合肾功能判断是否发生急性排斥或移植肾功能恢复延迟。结果：肾移植术后HCMV感染率为52．5％,10例出现症状性感染（25％）,出现阳性时间35．7±15．3天。症状性感染组CD3-bCD4＋的水平和CD4＋／CD8＋的比值较无活动性感染组和正常对照组均降低,CD8＋水平较其他组升高,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。无症状性活动感染者与无活动性感染者各指标比较差异无显著性。活动性感染组急性排斥或移植肾功能恢复延迟发生8例（38．1％）,无活动性感染组发生1例（5．2％）,差异具有统计学意义（x^2=6．15,P〈0．05）。结论：肾移植术后HCMV感染能显著引起T淋巴细胞亚群变化,尤其是CD4＋／CD8＋。并与急性排斥或移植肾功能恢复延迟密切相关联,在其发生发展中可能起着重要的作用。三者相互联系、相互作用、互为因果,对进一步机制的研究及临床诊断治疗、预后方面有一定意义。     

CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD2+high regulatory T cells in disseminated and localized forms of allergic contact dermatitis: relation to specific cytokines

The aim of this study was to evaluate regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) in the course of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and to elucidate the role of IL-10 and TGF-β in Tregs activity. Peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) cells were determined by flow cytometry in patients with acute disseminated ACD ('ad', n = 36), acute localized ACD ('al', n = 26), and disseminated ACD during remission ('rd', n = 27) as well as in controls (n = 22). Serum levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA. The mean percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(high) cells in patients with ad ACD was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.01) and the remaining patients (p < 0.05). Both cell populations were significantly elevated in persons with widespread skin lesions (p < 0.05). In ad patients the CD4(+)CD25(+) increased during three weeks of disease, although the significant increase of CD4(+)CD25(high) was noted only in the third week. Patients with ad ACD showed a significantly decreased serum level of TGF-β1 as compared with controls and the remaining ACD patients. IL-10 level did not differ between all groups. The elevated population of CD4(+)CD25(high) cells in ad ACD patients, and its dependence on the extension of skin lesions, suggest a role of Tregs in regulating the course of ACD. The growing Tregs percentages may indicate their peripheral generation during ACD. The development of lesions despite an increased population of Tregs suggests their functional defect. The role of TGF-β1 in the suppressive activity of Tregs cannot be excluded.     

Report of a patient with T-cell deficiency and normal B-cell function: A new immunodeficiency disease with response to transfer factor

An 11-yr-old boy had recurrent fevers and pulmonary infections since early childhood and, at age 7, had disseminated varicella with bilateral pneumonitis. A female sibling, age 1, died during this period of time with varicella pneumonia. Two years later, an immunological evaluation showed severe deficits in cellular immunity with skin anergy and very low or poor in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens, allogeneic cells and specific antigens. Quantitation of peripheral T-cells by spontaneous rosette formation was also low—40–45% (normal 61%). On the other hand, B-cell immunity seemed to be completely normal. Serum immunoglobulins and the immunoglobulin receptors on peripheral lymphocytes were normal. The patient produced specific antibodies upon antigen challenge (immunization) and after natural infection. Following transfer factor therapy, conversion of skin reactivity and clinical improvement occurred. No changes were seen in in vitro lymphocyte function with transfer factor therapy. Immunologic reconstitution persisted for 6 mo, after which the patient responded again to the administration of transfer factor. Although this patient has several characteristics in common with Nezelof's syndrome, the patient described in this report appears to represent a distinct clinical entity of primary isolated T-cell deficiency and normal B-cell immunity. The normal B-cell immune system, and the clinical and immunological response to transfer factor therapy, differentiates our patient from the syndrome of thymic dysplasia with immunoglobulin synthesis (Nezelof's syndrome).     

The significance of ultrasonography in diagnosing and follow-up of cystic cystitis in children

Cystic cystitis is a separate form of urinary bladder inflammation, detected by cystoscopy in children with recurrent urinary infections. Cystoscopy is an invasive method, so the aim of this investigation was to determine the ultrasonographic characteristics of cystic cystitis and to assess the reliability of ultrasound in relation to cystoscopy in diagnosing cystic cystitis. The study included 115 girls with repeated urinary infections. Cystoscopy and ultrasonography was performed in all. According to the cystoscopic finding the subjects were divided into 4 groups. Lateral and posterior urinary bladder wall thickness was measured during ultrasonography. A statistically significant difference was found between all 4 groups, the method demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity (0.97) and specificity (0.91). Percentile calculations were determined for wall thickness. Ultrasonography can replace endoscopy in diagnosis and follow-up of cystic cystitis in children, with at least 50% fullness of the urinary bladder as a prerequisite.     

HFRS病毒特异性抗体与淋巴细胞亚群检测的意义

研究了肾综合征出血热病毒的特异抗体与淋巴细胞亚群检测对临床诊断的意义。用ELISA法对 30例临床诊断肾综合征出血热患者进行特异性IgM抗体检测 ,进而用流式细胞仪对IgM抗体阳性患者进行淋巴细胞亚群测定。正常对照 30例 ,均为健康人。肾综合征出血热患者特异性IgM抗体阳性 2 2例 ,检出率为 73 .33 % ,正常对照标本均未检出病毒特异性IgM抗体。肾综合征出血热患者CD4 +细胞百分比较正常对照组降低 ,CD8+细胞百分比较正常对照组增高 ,CD4 +/CD8+比值下降或倒置。肾综合征出血热病毒的特异性IgM抗体特异性强 ,可作为该病早期临床诊断的重要依据。肾综合征出血热患者的免疫功能明显下降 ,对于判定疗效和疾病预后等具有参考价值。     

基于流式细胞术快速检测人鼻黏膜组织淋巴细胞亚群的实验研究

目的：基于流式细胞术检测正常人的鼻黏膜组织中的淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T、NK、CD19+B)的比例,初步探讨 鼻局部黏膜免疫功能的意义,为鼻局部黏膜免疫性疾病的研究提供更多的参考。方法：用鼻黏膜刮匙获取21 例正常人的鼻黏膜 组织,并抽取其外周血2 mL。采用流式细胞术分别检测其鼻黏膜和外周血中的淋巴细胞亚群(包括CD3+T、CD4+T、CD8+T、NK、 CD19+B)分别所占的比例。结果：鼻黏膜和外周血的淋巴细胞亚群存在很大差异,与外周血相比,CD3+T 比例增加（t=15.34,P<0. 0001),CD4+T 比例降低(t=5.952,P<0.0001)、CD8+T 比例增加(t=12.44,P<0.0001)、NK 比例降低(t=4.865,P<0.0001)、CD19+B 比例降 低(t=15.56,P<0.0001),CD4+T/CD8+T 降低。结论：流式细胞术可以用来检测鼻黏膜的淋巴细胞亚群,鼻黏膜的淋巴细胞亚群和外 周血的淋巴细胞亚群存在很大差异,这种差异体现鼻黏膜组织独特的局部黏膜免疫功能,本方法为变应性鼻炎的研究提供了新 的研究途径。