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1.
Apple exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) that is controlled by the multiallelic S-locus. This S-locus encodes
polymorphicS ribonuclease (S-RNase) for the pistil-part 5 determinant. Information aboutS-genotypes is important when selecting pollen donors for fruit production and breeding of new cultivars. We determined the
5-genotypes of ‘Charden’ (S2S3S4), ‘Winesap’ (S1S28), ‘York Imperial’ (S2S31), ‘Stark Earliblaze’ (S1S28), and ‘Burgundy’ (S20S32), byS-RNase sequencing and S-allele-specific PCR analysis. Two newS-RNases, S31 and S32, were also identified from ‘York Imperial’ and ‘Burgundy’, respectively. These newS-alleles contained the conserved eight cysteine residues and two histidine residues essential for RNase activity. Whereas
S31 showed high similarity to S20 (94%), S32 exhibited 58% (to S24) to 76% (to S25) similarity in the exon regions. We designed newS-allele-specific primers for amplifying S31- and S32-RNasc-specific fragments; these can serve as specific gene markers. We also rearranged the apple S-allele numbers containing
those newS-RNases. They should be useful, along with anS-RNase-based PCR system, in determining S-genotypes and analyzing new alleles from apple cultivars. 相似文献
2.
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh), a member of the Rosaceae, shows gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) controlled by polymorphic S-alleles. Identifying
the S-genotypes of apple cultivars can be applied on correct assignment of apple cultivars to cross-compatibility groups,
which is important for the efficient production of apple fruit. This study characterized three new S-alleles (designated S
44
, S
45
, and S
46
) in apple and developed an efficient analysis method that can be used to characterize S-genotypes by utilizing allele-specific
polymerase chain reaction rapidly. Nineteen allele-specific primers were selectively designed to identify different alleles.
Using this method, S-genotypes of 157 apple cultivars were identified. 相似文献
3.
L. Verdoodt A. Van Haute I. J. Goderis K. De Witte J. Keulemans W. Broothaerts 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(2):294-300
To obtain homozygous genotypes of apple, we have induced haploid development of either the female or the male gametes by
parthenogenesis in situ and anther culture, respectively. Of the shoots obtained, which were mainly of a non-haploid nature,
some could be derived from fertilised egg cells or from sporophytic anther tissue. In order to select the shoots having a
true haploid origin, and thus homozygotes, we decided to use the single multi-allelic self-incompatibility gene as a molecular
marker to discriminate homozygous from heterozygous individuals. The rationale behind this approach was that diploid apple
cultivars contain 2 different alleles of the S-gene and therefore the haploid induced shoots obtained from them should have only one of the alleles of the single parent.
The parental cultivars used were ‘Idared’ (parthenogenesis in situ) and ‘Braeburn’ (androgenesis), and their S-genotypes were known, except for 1 of the ‘Braeburn’S-alleles. To stimulate parthenogenetic development ‘Idared’ styles were pollinated with irradiated ‘Baskatong’ pollen, the
S-alleles of the latter (2n) cultivar were also unknown. The cloning and sequence analysis of these 3 unidentified S-alleles, 1 from ‘Braeburn’ and 2 from ‘Baskatong’ is described, and we show that they correspond to the S
24
-, S
26
- and S
27
-alleles. We have optimised a method for analysis of the S-alleles of ‘Idared/Baskatong’- or ‘Braeburn’-derived in vitro plant tissues and have shown that this approach can be applied
for the screening of the in vitro shoots for their haploid origin.
Received: 18 August 1997 / Accepted: 10 September 1997 相似文献
4.
QTL mapping of aroma compounds analysed by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography in the apple progeny ‘Discovery’ × ‘Prima’ 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
F. Dunemann D. Ulrich A. Boudichevskaia C. Grafe W. E. Weber 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2009,23(3):501-521
Improving fruit quality of apple varieties is an important but complex breeding goal. Flavour is among the key factors of
apple fruit quality but in spite of the analytical and biochemical knowledge about volatiles little is known about the genetic
and molecular bases of apple aroma. The aim of this study was to use a saturated molecular linkage map of apple to identify
QTLs for aroma compounds such as alcohols, esters and terpenes, but also for a number of unidentified volatile compounds (non-targeted
analysis approach). Two parental genetic maps were constructed for the apple cultivars ‘Discovery’ and ‘Prima’ by using mainly
AFLP and SSR markers. ‘Discovery’ and ‘Prima’ showed very different volatile patterns, and ‘Discovery’ mostly had the higher
volatile concentrations in comparison with the Vf-scab resistant ‘Prima’ which has its origin in the small-fruited apple species Malus floribunda. About 50 putative QTLs for a total of 27 different apple fruit volatiles were detected through interval mapping by using
genotypic data of 150 F1 individuals of the mapping population ‘C3’ together with phenotypic data obtained by head-space solid phase microextraction
gas chromatography. QTLs for volatile compounds putatively involved in apple aroma were found on 12 out of the 17 apple chromosomes,
but they were not evenly dispersed. QTLs were mainly clustered on linkage groups LG 2, 3 and 9. In a first attempt, a LOX
(lipoxygenase) candidate gene, putatively involved in volatile metabolism, was mapped on LG 9, genetically associated with
a cluster of QTLs for ester-type volatiles. Implications for aroma breeding in apple are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Angel Fernández i Martí Toshio Hanada José M. Alonso Hisayo Yamane Ryutaro Tao Rafel Socias i Company 《Sexual plant reproduction》2009,22(3):179-186
Self-compatibility has become the primary objective of most almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) breeding programmes in order to avoid the problems related to the gametophytic self-incompatibility system present
in almond. The progeny of the cross ‘Vivot’ (S
23
S
fa) × ‘Blanquerna’ (S
8
S
fi) was studied because both cultivars share the same S
f allele but have a different phenotypic expression: active (S
fa) in ‘Vivot’ and inactive (S
fi) in ‘Blanquerna’. In addition, the microscopic observation of pollen tube growth after self-pollination over several years
showed an unexpected self-incompatible behaviour in most seedlings of this cross. The genotypes of this progeny showed that
the S
fi pollen from ‘Blanquerna’ was not able to grow down the pistils of ‘Vivot’ harbouring the S
fa allele, confirming the active function of this allele against the inactive form of the same allele, S
fi. As self-compatibility was observed in some S
8
S
23 and S
8
S
fa individuals of this progeny, the S
f haplotype may not always be linked to the expression and transmission of self-compatibility in almond, suggesting that a
modifier locus may be involved in the mechanism of self-incompatibility in plants. 相似文献
6.
Aligning male and female linkage maps of apple (Malus pumila Mill.) using multi-allelic markers 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
C. Maliepaard F. H. Alston G. van Arkel L. M. Brown E. Chevreau F. Dunemann K. M. Evans S. Gardiner P. Guilford A. W. van Heusden J. Janse F. Laurens J. R. Lynn A. G. Manganaris A. P. M. den Nijs N. Periam E. Rikkerink P. Roche C. Ryder S. Sansavini H. Schmidt S. Tartarini J. J. Verhaegh M. Vrielink-van Ginkel G. J. King 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(1-2):60-73
Linkage maps for the apple cultivars ‘Prima’ and ‘Fiesta’ were constructed using RFLP, RAPD, isozyme, AFLP, SCAR and microsatellite
markers in a ‘Prima’בFiesta’ progeny of 152 individuals. Seventeen linkage groups, putatively corresponding to the seventeen
haploid apple chromosomes, were obtained for each parent. These maps were aligned using 67 multi-allelic markers that were
heterozygous in both parents. A large number of duplicate RFLP loci was observed and, in several instances, linked RFLP markers
in one linkage group showed corresponding linkage in another linkage group. Distorted segregation was observed mainly in two
regions of the genome, especially in the male parent alleles. Map positions were provided for resistance genes to scab and
rosy leaf curling aphid (Vf and Sd
1, respectively) for the fruit acidity gene Ma and for the self-incompatibility locus S. The high marker density and large number of mapped codominant RFLPs and some microsatellite markers make this map an ideal
reference map for use in other progenies also and a valuable tool for the mapping of quantitative trait loci.
Received: 17 November 1997 / Accepted: 9 December 1997 相似文献
7.
Identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for self-incompatibility alleles in Corylus avellana L. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. W. Pomper A. N. Azarenko N. Bassil J. W. Davis S. A. Mehlenbacher 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(3):479-487
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were identified for self-incompatibility (SI) alleles that will allow marker-assisted
selection of desired S-alleles in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). DNA was extracted from young leaves collected from field-planted parents and 26 progeny of the cross OSU 23.017 (S1S12)×VR6-28 (S2S26) (OSU23×VR6). Screening of 10-base oligonucleotide RAPD primers was performed using bulked segregant analysis. DNA samples
from 6 trees each were pooled into four ‘bulks’, one for each of the following: S1 S2, S1 S26
, S2 S12, and S12 S26. ‘Super bulks’ of 12 trees each for S1, S2, S12, and S26 were then created for each allele by combining the appropriate bulks. The DNA from these four super bulks and from the parents
was used as a template in the PCR assays. A total of 250 primers were screened, and one RAPD marker each was identified for
alleles S2 (OPI07750) and S1 (OPJ141700). OPJ141700 was identified in 13 of 14 S1 individuals of the cross OSU23×VR6 used in bulking and yielded a false positive in 1 non-S1 individual. This same marker was not effective outside the original cross, identifying 4 of 5 S1 progeny in another cross, ‘Willamette’×VR6-28 (‘Will’×VR6), but yielded false positives in 4 of 9 non-S1 individuals from the cross ‘Casina’×VR6-28 (‘Cas’×VR6). OPI07750 served as an excellent marker for the S2 allele and was linked closely to this allele, identifying 12 of 13 S2 individuals in the OSU23×VR6 population with no false positives. OPI07750 was found in 4 of 4 S2 individuals from ‘Will’×VR and 7 of 7 S2 individuals of ‘Cas’×VR6 with no false positives, as well as 10 of 10 S2 individuals of the cross OSU 296.082 (S1S8)×VR8-32 (S2S26), with only 1 false positive individual out of 21 progeny. OPI07750 was also present in 5 of 5 cultivars carrying the S2 allele, with no false-positive bands in non-S2 cultivars, and correctly identified all but 2 S2 individuals in 57 additional selections in the breeding program. In the OSU23×VR6 population, the recombination rate between
the marker OPJ141700 and the S1 allele was 7.6% and between the OPI07750 marker and the S2 allele was 3.8%. RAPD marker bands were excised from gels, cloned, and sequenced to enable the production of longer primers
(18 or 24 bp) that were used to obtain sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs). Both the S1 and S2 markers were successfully cloned and 18 bp primers yielded the sole OPJ141700 product, while 24-bp primers yielded OPI07750 as well as an additional smaller product (700 bp) that was not polymorphic but was present in all of the S-genotypes examined.
Received: 10 January 1998 / Accepted: 26 January 1998 相似文献
8.
V. G. M. Bus D. Chagné H. C. M. Bassett D. Bowatte F. Calenge J.-M. Celton C.-E. Durel M. T. Malone A. Patocchi A. C. Ranatunga E. H. A. Rikkerink D. S. Tustin J. Zhou S. E. Gardiner 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(2):223-236
Woolly apple aphid (WAA; Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.) can be a major economic problem to apple growers in most parts of the world, and resistance breeding provides a sustainable
means to control this pest. We report molecular markers for three genes conferring WAA resistance and placing them on two
linkage groups (LG) on the genetic map of apple. The Er1 and Er2 genes derived from ‘Northern Spy’ and ‘Robusta 5,’ respectively, are the two major genes that breeders have used to date
to improve the resistance of apple rootstocks to this pest. The gene Er3, from ‘Aotea 1’ (an accession classified as Malus sieboldii), is a new major gene for WAA resistance. Genetic markers linked to the Er1 and Er3 genes were identified by screening random amplification of polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; RAPD) markers across DNA
bulks from resistant and susceptible plants from populations segregating for these genes. The closest RAPD markers were converted
into sequence-characterized amplified region markers and the genome location of these two genes was assigned to LG 08 by aligning
the maps around the genes with a reference map of ‘Discovery’ using microsatellite markers. The Er2 gene was located on LG 17 of ‘Robusta 5’ using a genetic map developed in a M.9 × ‘Robusta 5’ progeny. Markers for each of
the genes were validated for their usefulness for marker-assisted selection in separate populations. The potential use of
the genetic markers for these genes in the breeding of apple cultivars with durable resistance to WAA is discussed. 相似文献
9.
S-genotyping of old apple cultivars from the Carpathian basin: methodological, breeding and evolutionary aspects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julia Hal��sz Attila Heged?s Zsuzsanna Gy?rgy ��va P��llinger Magdolna T��th 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2011,7(6):1135-1145
Apple exhibits self-incompatibility controlled by the multiallelic S-locus. Twenty-three old apple cultivars were S-genotyped using three different approaches (allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) + cleaved amplified polymorphic
sequences (CAPS), consensus PCR + sequencing and consensus PCR + CAPS) to compare the robustness and reliability of these
techniques and characterise genotypes from the Carpathian basin that might be useful in resistance breeding. Best results
were obtained using the ASPF3 and ASPR3S consensus primer pair that detected 96% of all alleles carried by the 23 cultivars
tested. Flow cytometry analysis was also needed to control the completeness of the genotypes as was seen in case of a tetraploid
cultivar with only three assigned S-alleles. The genetic disparity between the old Carpathian basin and modern apple cultivars was indicated by differences in
allele frequency data (S
9, S
24 and S
26) as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms in S
1, S
2, S
7
S
24 and S
26 and indels in S
20 and S
26 alleles. An alignment of partial genomic sequences indicated trans-specific and trans-generic evolution of S-ribonuclease alleles in the Maloideae subfamily (S
26 and S
28) and a possibly recent introgression event (S
1) between Malus × domestica and Malus sylvestris. These data suggest that the genome of old cultivars from the Carpathian basin was enriched by several Malus taxa and are free from the consequences of modern breeding. These cultivars may contribute to the widening of the genetic
basis of cultivated apple and prevent genetic erosion in future commercial cultivars. 相似文献
10.
Jun Wu Chao Gu Yu-Hu Du Hua-Qing Wu Wei-Sheng Liu Ning Liu Juan Lu Shao-Ling Zhang 《Sexual plant reproduction》2011,24(1):23-35
Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars originated in China display a typical S-RNase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). ‘Katy’, a natural self-compatible cultivar belonging to the European ecotype
group, was used as a useful material for breeding new cultivars with high frequency of self-compatibility by hybridizing with
Chinese native cultivars. In this work, the pollen-S genes (S-haplotype-specific F-box gene, or SFB gene) of ‘Katy’ were first identified as SFB
1 and SFB
8, and the S-genotype was determined as S
1
S
8. Genetic analysis of ‘Katy’ progenies under controlled pollination revealed that the stylar S1-RNase and S8-RNase have a normal function in rejecting wild-type pollen with the same S-haplotype, while the pollen grains carrying either
the SFB
1 or the SFB
8 gene are both able to overcome the incompatibility barrier. However, the observed segregation ratios of the S-genotype did
not fit the expected ratios under the assumption that the pollen-part mutations are linked to the S-locus. Moreover, alterations in the SFB
1 and SFB
8 genes and pollen-S duplications were not detected. These results indicated that the breakdown of SI in ‘Katy’ occurred in pollen, and other
factors not linked to the S-locus, which caused a loss of pollen S-activity. These findings support a hypothesis that modifying factors other than the S-locus are required for GSI in apricot. 相似文献
11.
12.
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) offers quick and reliable prediction of the phenotypes of seedlings in large populations and
thus opens new approaches for selection to breeders of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). The development of framework maps enables the discovery of genetic markers linked to desired traits. Although genetic
maps have been reported for apple scion cultivars, none has previously been constructed for apple rootstocks. We report the
construction of framework genetic maps in a cross between ‘M.9’ (‘Malling 9’) and ‘R.5’ (‘Robusta 5’) apple rootstocks. The
maps comprise 224 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 18 sequence-characterised amplified regions, 14 single nucleotide
polymorphisms and 42 random amplified polymorphic DNAs. A new set of 47 polymorphic SSRs was developed from apple EST sequences
and used for construction of this rootstock map. All 17 linkage groups have been identified and aligned to existing apple
genetic maps. The maps span 1,175.7 cM (‘M.9’) and 1,086.7 cM (‘R.5’). To improve the efficiency of mapping markers to this
framework map, we developed a bin mapping set. Applications of these new genetic maps include the elucidation of the genetic
basis of the dwarfing effect of the apple rootstock ‘M.9’ and the analysis of disease and insect resistance traits such as
fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum). Markers for traits mapped in this population will be of direct use to apple breeders for MAS and for identification of
causative genes by map-based cloning. 相似文献
13.
I. Van Nerum M. Geerts A. Van Haute J. Keulemans W. Broothaerts 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,103(4):584-591
Recently, the self-incompatibility (S-) genotypes of 56 apple cultivars were examined by protein analysis, which led to the
identification by Boskovic and Tobutt of 14 putative ’new’ S-alleles, S12 to S25. This paper reports a re-examination of the
S-genotypes of some of these cultivars through S-allele ’specific’ PCR and sequence analysis. The results obtained by this
analysis indicated that the number of S-alleles that are present in apple is probably smaller than the number proposed by
Boskovic and Tobutt. The existence of three ’new’ S-alleles (S20, S22 and S24) was confirmed. The existence of two other putative
’new’ S-alleles (S23 and S25) was, however, contradicted. The coding sequences of the S-alleles that correspond to the S10
and the S25 ribonuclease bands as well as those corresponding to the S22 and the S23 ribonuclease bands were shown to be identical
in sequence. Interestingly, the S-allele corresponding to the S22 and the S23 ribonuclease bands shared a high sequence identity
(99% identity) with S27, which was previously cloned and sequenced from Baskatong, but which was not included in the analysis
conducted by Boskovic and Tobutt. Both S-alleles only differ in point mutations, which are not translated into differences
in amino-acid sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of two S-alleles that differ at the nucleotide level but
still encode for identical S-RNases. The implications of these observations for determining the S-genotypes of plants by PCR
analysis or protein analysis are discussed.
Received: 10 January 2001 / Accepted: 19 January 2001 相似文献
14.
Alonso Segura JM Socias I Company R 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,115(2):151-158
Inbreeding depression has been observed in most fruit trees, negatively affecting the offspring of related parents. This problem
is steadily increasing due to the repeated utilization of parents in breeding programmes. In almond, self-compatibility transmission
from ‘Tuono’ to its offspring remains partially unexplained due to deviations from the expected genotype ratios. In order
to test if these deviations could be due to inbreeding, the S-genotypes of the seedlings of four almond families, ‘Tuono’ (S
1
S
f
) × ‘Ferragnès’ (S
1
S
3
), ‘Tuono’ (S
1
S
f
) × ‘Ferralise’ (S
1
S
3
) and reciprocal crosses were studied. The S-genotype determination of each seedling by separation of stylar S-RNases and by S-allele-specific PCR amplification gave identical results. The ratio of S-genotypes of the family ‘Tuono’ × ‘Ferralise’ was the one least adjusted to the expected 1:1 ratio, because the number of
self-compatible seedlings (S
f
S
3
) was less than a half the number of self-incompatible ones (S
1
S
3
). A mechanism acting against inbreeding would favour cross-breeding in the following generation to increase heterozygosity.
This fact stresses the need to avoid crosses between related parents in fruit breeding programmes. 相似文献
15.
Sibylle Stoeckli Karsten Mody Cesare Gessler Andrea Patocchi Mauro Jermini Silvia Dorn 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(4):833-847
The rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), the leaf-curling aphid (Dysaphis cf. devecta) and the green apple aphid (Aphis pomi) are widespread pest insects that reduce growth of leaves, fruits and shoots in apple (Malus × domestica). Aphid control in apple orchards is generally achieved by insecticides, but alternative management options like growing
resistant cultivars are needed for a more sustainable integrated pest management (IPM). A linkage map available for a segregating
F1-cross of the apple cultivars ‘Fiesta’ and ‘Discovery’ was used to investigate the genetic basis of resistance to aphids.
Aphid infestation and plant growth characteristics were repeatedly assessed for the same 160 apple genotypes in three different
environments and 2 consecutive years. We identified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers linked to quantitative
trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to D. plantaginea (‘Fiesta’ linkage group 17, locus 57.7, marker E33M35–0269; heritability: 28.3%), and to D. cf. devecta (‘Fiesta’ linkage group 7, locus 4.5, marker E32M39–0195; heritability: 50.2%). Interactions between aphid species, differences
in climatic conditions and the spatial distribution of aphid infestation were identified as possible factors impeding the
detection of QTLs. A pedigree analysis of simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker alleles closely associated with the QTL markers
revealed the presence of the alleles in other apple cultivars with reported aphid resistance (‘Wagener’, ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’),
highlighting the genetic basis and also the potential for gene pyramiding of aphid resistance in apple. Finally, significant
QTLs for shoot length and stem diameter were identified, while there was no relationship between aphid resistance and plant
trait QTLs.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
16.
T. Ishimizu K. Inoue M. Shimonaka T. Saito O. Terai S. Norioka 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(6-7):961-967
Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), a member of the Rosaceae, shows gametophytic self-incompatibility that is controlled by the S-locus. The S-genotype of Japanese pear cultivars is an important factor for crossing and breeding. We report a rapid reliable method to
identify these S-genotypes. It consists of PCR amplification of the S-RNase gene from genomic DNA and subsequent digestion of the PCR fragments
with S-allele-specific restriction endonucleases. Using this method, we determined the unknown S-genotypes of nine Japanese pear cultivars and selected self-compatible varieties from the offspring of the self-compatible
cultivar, ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’.
Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 19 October 1998 相似文献
17.
Sibylle Stoeckli Karsten Mody Andrea Patocchi Markus Kellerhals Silvia Dorn 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,5(1):257-267
The aim of this study was to assess the genetic basis of rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali) resistance in apple (Malus × domestica). A. schlechtendali infestation of apple trees has increased as a consequence of reduced side effects of modern fungicides on rust mites. An
analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was carried out using linkage map data available for F1 progeny plants of the cultivars ‘Fiesta’ × ‘Discovery’. Apple trees representing 160 different genotypes were surveyed for
rust mite infestation, each at three different sites in two consecutive years. The distribution of rust mites on the individual
apple genotypes was aggregated and significantly affected by apple genotype and site. We identified two QTLs for A. schlechtendali resistance on linkage group 7 of ‘Fiesta’. The AFLP marker E35M42-0146 (20.2 cM) and the RAPD marker AE10-400 (45.8 cM) were
closest positioned to the QTLs and explained between 11.0% and 16.6% of the phenotypic variability. Additionally, putative
QTLs on the ‘Discovery’ chromosomes 4, 5 and 8 were detected. The SSR marker Hi03a10 identified to be associated to one of
the QTLs (AFLP marker E35M42-0146) was traced back in the ‘Fiesta’ pedigree to the apple cultivar ‘Wagener’. This marker may
facilitate the breeding of resistant apple cultivars by marker assisted selection. Furthermore, the genetic background of
rust mite resistance in existing cultivars can be evaluated by testing them for the identified SSR marker.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
18.
19.
Maria M. van Dyk Mogamat Khashief Soeker Iwan F. Labuschagne David Jasper G. Rees 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(3):489-502
In the Western Cape region of South Africa, dormancy release and the onset of growth does not occur normally in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) trees during spring due to the mild winter conditions experienced and fluctuations in temperatures experienced during
and between winters. In this region, the application of chemicals to induce the release of dormancy forms part of standard
orchard management. Increasing awareness of the environmental impact of chemical sprays and global warming has led to the
demand for new apple cultivars better adapted to local climatic conditions. We report the construction of framework genetic
maps in two F1 crosses using the low chilling cultivar ‘Anna’ as common male parent and the higher chill requiring cultivars
‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Sharpe’s Early’ as female parents. The maps were constructed using 320 simple sequence repeats, including
116 new markers developed from expressed sequence tags. These maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for
time of initial vegetative budbreak (IVB), a dormancy related characteristic. Time of IVB was assessed four times over a 6-year
period in ‘Golden Delicious’ x ‘Anna’ seedlings kept in seedling bags under shade in the nursery. The trait was assessed for
3 years on adult full-sib trees derived from a cross between ‘Sharpe’s Early’ and ‘Anna’ as well as for 3 years on replicates
of these seedlings obtained by clonal propagation onto rootstocks. A single major QTL for time of IVB was identified on linkage
group (LG) 9. This QTL remained consistent in different genetic backgrounds and at different developmental stages. The QTL
may co-localize with a QTL for leaf break identified on LG 3 by Conner et al. (1998), a LG that was, after the implementation of transferable microsatellite markers, shown to be homologous to the LG now known
to be LG 9 (Kenis and Keulemans 2004). These results contribute towards a better understanding regarding the genetic control of IVB in apple and will also be
used to elucidate the genetic basis of other dormancy related traits such as time of initial reproductive budbreak and number
of vegetative and reproductive budbreak. 相似文献
20.
A cDNA of 417 bp encoding an S-RNase gene, named PA S3, was isolated from apricot, Prunus aremeniaca. Nine S-alleles, S1–S9, were recognized by S-allele-specific PCR and confirmed by Southern blot analysis using PA S3 as probe. The S-genotypes of the six cultivars were determined and the results of self- and cross-pollination tests among the six cultivars were consistent with the predicted S-haplotypes by PCR analysis. 相似文献