植物防御素PD5基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达*

将植物防御素PD5基因克隆到载体pPIC9的XholI和EcoRI位点之间,得到重组载体pPIC9/PD5。pPIC9/PDF5经BglII线性化,电转化法转入Pichia pastorisGS115,MD和MM平板筛选表型为His⁺Mut^s的转化子,PCR鉴定阳性转化子。转化子D24用BMGY培养至OD₆₀₀为6.0时,经BMM诱导,上清液用Tricien-SDS-PA     

重组人载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中的高表达

高密度脂蛋白(High-density Lipoprotein,HDL)是血浆中重要的脂蛋白,其主要成分为载脂蛋白AⅠ(Apoliprotein AⅠ,ApoAⅠ为了大量制备该蛋白,首先尝试利用Pichia pastoris表达系统高效表达ApoAⅠ。通过PCR扩增获得天然含人载脂蛋白ApoAⅠ的基因片段,将其插入到P．pastoris分泌型载体pPIC9K上,BglⅡ酶切线性化后电转化P．pastoris GS115,将获得的1000多个转化子依次在含不同G418浓度的YPD平板筛选高抗性转化子,得到的22个高抗性转化子经甲醇诱导,SDS-PAGE检测得到6株高表达菌。然后对其中的高表达菌株AP16的培养及诱导条件进行了优化,结果显示：接种后培养24～28h,转入诱导阶段,培养基pH值在7—7．5,菌体密度OD600=80左右,以1％甲醇诱导96h最有利于ApoAⅠ的表达,表达水平达160mg／L。14L发酵罐结果显示表达水平与摇瓶相当,均高于其它表达系统,为大批量制备奠定了基础。     

抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

利用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达抗菌肽牛乳铁蛋白肽衍生肽简称LfcinBD,获得的表达产物具有较强的抗菌活性.将人工设计的用化学合成法合成的以酵母偏爱密码子编码的LfcinBD基因片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得的重组质粒pPIC9K-LfcinBD通过限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ酶切线性化,电击法转化毕赤酵母GS115宿主菌,G418抗性筛选,得到高拷贝转化子.经PCR检测,LfcinBD基因与毕赤酵母染色体稳定整合.阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达LfcinBD,诱导表达5 d,每24 h取上清1 mL,进行抑菌试验.结果表明,抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽衍生肽基因已整合到酵母细胞基因组中并获得表达,经0.5%甲醇在30℃诱导48 h可产生较强抗菌活性的抗菌肽,而且对氨苄青霉素抗性的大肠杆菌亦有较强的抑菌作用.     

人甲状旁腺激素-血清白蛋白融合蛋白的构建及在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用重叠PCR技术拼接PTH和HSA基因,并将构建好的融合基因插入到载体pUC19测序后插入表达载体pPIC9K中,在启动子AOXⅠ和α交配因子信号肽的作用下,分泌表达融合蛋白PTH-HSA。重组质粒pPIC9K/PTH-HSA经SalⅠ线性化后,电击转化毕赤酵母KM71,经G418筛选得到的转化子。PCR鉴定后,用甲醇诱导表达,蛋白电泳分析表明融合基因得到表达; Western blot分析表明发酵液上清中表达的融合蛋白PTH-HSA具有HSA的抗原性:用酶标法测定发酵上清中融合蛋白的甲状旁腺激素活性为318IU/ml     

栓菌420漆酶同工酶B基因克隆及异源表达

根据铜结合区的保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,扩增栓菌420(Trametessp.420)基因组,结合长距离反向PCR(LD-IPCR)技术,克隆得到新型漆酶同工酶B基因(lacB),包括结构基因(2255bp)及5′-和3′-非编码序列。lacB含12个内含子,其cDNA序列长1560bp,编码495aa成熟多肽和24aa信号肽。lacB与其它不同来源的真菌漆酶基因具有较高的同源性,而与植物、细菌、昆虫的漆酶基因同源性低于25%。将不含信号序列的lacBcDNA通过质粒pPIC9克隆到表达载体pPIC9K上,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115细胞,经BMM-ABTS平板筛选得到漆酶分泌阳性转化子。     

人小肠三叶因子在毕赤酵母中克隆表达及对肠粘膜修复作用的研究

为了研究人肠三叶因子(hITF)对肠粘膜的保护作用,利用RT-PCR从肠粘膜中扩增出hITF基因片段,与诱导分泌型毕赤酵母载体pPIC9连接构建了重组质粒pPIC9hITF,重组质粒转化至宿主菌GS115,经过PCR鉴定和转化子发酵筛选,得到一个重组毕赤酵母高产菌株GS115/pPIC9hITF。在5L发酵罐中用基本盐培养基培养重组菌株,添加甲醇诱导表达hITF,离心收集的上清液通过离心交换层析纯化得到hITF。质谱鉴定结果表明纯化的hITF与天然提取产品在N端序列上完全相同。细胞实验和动物实验结果表明重组hITF能够促进细胞迁移,并可以保护肠粘膜免受有害因子的侵袭,保持了较好的生物学活性。     

人SmD1抗原的酵母真核表达及其初步应用

通过PCR扩增Sm D1基因, 与酵母表达载体pPIC9k重组, 构建表达质粒pPIC9k-Sm D1。用电穿孔法转化酵母菌SMD1168, 在MD平板上筛选重组克隆, 用G418快速筛选高拷贝转化子, 阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达后, 培养上清用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫酶斑点法(immunodot)鉴定。结果显示PCR产物约为360 bp, 符合预期, pPIC9k-Sm D1重组阳性克隆双酶切鉴定正确,测序结果与GenBank核酸数据库报道完全一致。表达产物Sm D1的分子量约16 kD, 高拷贝毕赤酵母转化菌的表达水平明显高于低拷贝的。immunodot证实表达产物具有天然Sm D1分子的免疫原性。阴性对照菌未见目的表达条带。Immunodot的敏感性为96%, 特异性为100%, 与免疫印迹法(immunoblot, IBT)的符合率为98%。Sm D1在巴斯德毕赤酵母中获得高效分泌表达, 为下一步研究打下了基础。     

抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽素（LfcinB）在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性鉴定

利用巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastors)系统表达抗菌肽——牛乳铁多肽素(bovine lactoferricin,简称Lf-cinB),获得的分泌型表达产物具有较强的抗菌活性。首先将人工合成的LfcinB基因片段克隆到巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得的重组质粒pPIC9K-LfcinB通过限制性内切酶SalⅠ酶切线性化,经电穿孔法转化入毕赤酵母细胞SMD1168内。G418抗性筛选,得到高拷贝转化子,经PCR检测LfcinB基因与毕赤酵母染色体稳定整合。阳性克隆经甲醇诱导表达LfcinB。结果表明,抗菌肽牛乳铁多肽素基因已经整合到酵母细胞基因组中并获得表达,表达产物具有较强的杀菌作用。     

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

根据已知的α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶（ALDC）基因序列,通过PCR从枯草杆菌168基因组上扩增得到编码ALDC的结构基因。将该基因克隆到大肠杆菌一毕赤酵母穿梭载体pPIC9中,构建了重组质粒pPIC9-ALDC,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115。在甲醇诱导下,毕赤酵母分泌表达了ALDC。SDS—PAGE分析可见到Mr约62000的表达条带,经测定,表达产物活力为0．03U／mL。     

禽流感病毒H5HA、H7HA、H9HA亚型血凝素基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用毕赤酵母表达系统进行了禽流感病毒H5HA、H7HA及H9HA亚型血凝素基因的真核表达研究。首先将H5HA、H7HA及H9HA基因片段分别插入酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得重组质粒pPIC9K-H5HA、pPIC9K-H7HA和pPIC9K-H9HA;再将所获重组质粒分别经SacⅠ、BglⅡ及SalⅠ线性化后,电转化GS115感受态细胞,以插入/替换的方式进行重组,并经MD平板与MM平板筛选,及PCR鉴定,得到重组酵母工程菌GS115/pPIC9K-H5HA、GS115/pPIC9K-H7HA及GS115/pPIC9K-H9HA;用甲醇诱导分泌表达目标蛋白。经SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting检测,结果表明,H5HA、H7HA及H9HA蛋白在毕赤酵母中均获得表达。酵母表达了上述目的蛋白,可直接进行抗原检测,并可用于抗体检测试剂盒及亚单位疫苗制备的辅助研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.