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1.
反硝化菌功能基因及其分子生态学研究进展   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
由微生物推动的反硝化作用是地球氮素循环的重要分支,尽管已被发现广泛存在于细菌、真菌和古生菌中,其功能基因的研究仍仅限于很少几个物种。现代分子生物学的发展为研究环境微生物提供了行之有效的方法,以反硝化功能基因作为分子标记的分子生态学研究迅猛发展。综述近年来国内外微生物反硝化功能基因研究及以其为标记的分子生态学研究进展。  相似文献   

2.
[目的]建立基于分子马达技术的简便快速的分子分型方法,对携带和非携带毒力基因的副溶血性弧菌进行快速分类.[方法]以F0F1-ATPase为核心构建分子马达,以副溶血性弧菌毒力基因tdh、trh和种特异性基因tlh、toxR为靶基因设计4个探针.通过生物素-亲和素系统将探针与分子马达连接构建F0F1-ATPase分子马达生物传感器,对10株副溶血性弧菌分离株进行分类,并与PCR-电泳-凝胶成像结果进行比较;同时对生物传感器的检测灵敏度和特异性进行研究.[结果]10株试验菌株中10株tdh阳性,0株trh阳性,而10株菌都携带tlh和toxR,与PCR-电泳-凝胶成像结果一致;分子马达生物传感器的最低检测限为1 pg/反应体系,且能够对副溶血性弧菌特异性识别,PCR-电泳-凝胶成像方法的最低检测限为10 pg/PCR反应体系.[结论]建立了基于分子马达的分子分型方法,能够对副溶血性弧菌的致病性进行快速诊断,检测灵敏度比PCR-电泳-凝胶成像方法高了10倍,而且特异性非常高.该方法简便、快速、省时、省力,适用于地方疾控部门和口岸检疫部门的基层实验室开展副溶血性弧菌监测和流行病学溯源工作.  相似文献   

3.
王巍  卢卫红  孙野青 《生物信息学》2010,8(3):228-232,236
基因本体论是关于基因和蛋白质知识的标准词汇,也是今后实现各种与基因相关的数据统一、数据转换、数据挖掘的基础。本文通过分子功能基因本体论比较了不同模式生物基因产物分子功能分布的异同。结果发现:在动物类、植物类以及真菌类模式生物中,大部分已知功能基因的分布比例是基本一致的,存在一定的同源性;但在动物中结合类基因数量较多而在植物与真菌中反而催化类基因数量较多,信号传导相关基因在动物中的分布数量多间接证明了动物在进化上的高等性,而植物中特有的大分子传递相关编码基因,可能与植物的养分、水分在机体种的传输相关。  相似文献   

4.
分子标记辅助选择聚合Xa23,Pi9和Bt基因   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用分子标记辅助选择将高抗水稻白叶枯病的Xa23基因、广谱高抗稻瘟病的Pi9基因、抗水稻螟虫和稻纵卷叶螟的Bt基因聚合到同一株系中,获得了三基因聚合的纯合株系。病、虫抗性鉴定结果显示:聚合了Xa23、Pi9和Bt基因的株系HB1471、HB1473能同时抗白叶枯病、稻瘟病和稻纵卷叶螟;与Xa23、Pi9基因的供体材料L10相比,对白叶枯病和稻瘟病的抗谱相同、抗性水平相当;对稻纵卷叶螟抗性与Bt基因的供体亲本MH63-Bt水平相当。Xa23、Pi9和Bt三基因纯合株系可以作为水稻育种的多抗供体材料。  相似文献   

5.
【背景】青海野生羊肚菌野生资源丰富,但物种识别度低,相关研究滞后。【目的】鉴定识别采集自青海祁连的野生羊肚菌并分析其生物地理。【方法】利用形态学、多基因谱系一致性系统发育学物种识别法与多基因分子系统学相结合的方法,鉴定野生羊肚菌并分析该物种分化时间和重建祖先区域。【结果】野生羊肚菌菌株MQL-1子实体菌盖呈黄褐色,圆顶,菌柄呈白色、中空,形似羊肚菌,孢子大小为(21.17±4.33)μm×(14.26±3.25)μm,菌丝直径(13.95±3.19)μm。系统发育分析结果表明分离到的菌株MQL-1与羊肚菌属中的黄色羊肚菌类群的内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列相似性高达99%,多基因谱系一致性系统发育学物种识别法将MQL-1识别为粗柄羊肚菌(Morchella crassipes)。分化时间估算和祖先重建结果表明青海祁连粗柄羊肚菌MQL-1与云南M.crassipes M10的分化时间12.75 Mya (百万年前),其重建的最可能的祖先区域为印度(52.49%)。【结论】本研究得到了一株青海祁连地区粗柄羊肚菌菌株并确定了其正确的科学命名,丰富了青海省羊肚菌资源信息数据库,为后续的工作奠定了基础,也为真菌研究提供新思路。  相似文献   

6.
利用叶绿体DNA的trnL内含子和trnL-F基因间隔区序列测定,对中国独行菜族部分属及相关属植物进行了分子系统学研究,结果表明:独行菜族是多系类群,在分子树中,所研究的中国独行菜族部分属植物被分别聚在了3个不同的并列系中,其中,荠属(Capsella)和亚麻荠属(Camelina)与南芥族的3个属聚在系Ⅰ,认为应将二者分别从独行菜族和大蒜芥族中移出,划入南芥族中;菥蓂属(Thlaspi)和菘蓝属(Isatis)与大蒜芥族的3个属聚成系Ⅱ,支持将二者移出独行菜族,划入大蒜芥族的观点;独行菜属(Lepidium)、臭荠属(Coronopus)和群心菜属(Cardaria)三者关系密切,组成系Ⅲ,其中臭荠嵌入独行菜属中,支持将臭荠属合并到独行菜属的处理意见.  相似文献   

7.
蚜虫是重要的农业害虫,每年造成数以亿计的经济损失。[反]-β-法尼烯[(E)-β-farnesene,EβF]是绝大多数蚜虫报警信息素的主要成分,可使蚜虫产生骚动、从植株上脱落,并吸引蚜虫天敌,有效控制蚜虫危害。EβF合成酶是催化合成EβF的关键酶,目前该基因已从薄荷、香橙、花旗松、黄花蒿、洋甘菊等植物中得到分离鉴定。植物中表达EβF合成酶基因以催化法呢基焦磷酸(Farnesyl diphosphate,FPP)合成EβF是控制蚜虫危害的重要策略。文中概括了当前植物抗蚜转基因研究现状,综述了植物EβF合成酶基因及其在植物抗蚜分子育种中的应用。针对当前转基因植物的EβF生成量较低等问题,展望了EβF合成酶基因在植物抗蚜分子育种中的应用前景和研究策略。  相似文献   

8.
单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes LM)属于典型的细胞内寄生革兰氏阳性菌,是WHO公布的四大食源性致病菌之一.LM不仅是人畜共患传染病李斯特菌病(listeriosis)的主要病原菌,也是研究胞内感染和细胞介导的免疫应答的模式细菌.绝大多数LM毒力基因的转录表达受到PrfA蛋白的调控.本文简单介绍了LM侵染宿主细胞必需的毒力基因及其产物;重点对毒力基因调节蛋白PrfA的结构和功能,PrfA调节毒力基因表达的主要方式最新进展进行了综述和讨论.  相似文献   

9.
目的:以成人肱骨为例,将医学图像三维重建技术和有限元方法结合应用于正骨手法研究,建立正常肱骨有限元模型,验证模型的有效性并进行生物力学分析。方法:选择一位青年男性志愿者,对其上肢自尺桡骨上端至肱骨头进行连续断层扫描,得到CT图像,将CT数据导入MIMICS软件中,通过图像分割、三维重建和材料属性赋值,构建正常肱骨有限元模型,利用ANSYS软件进行力学分析,与文献中肱骨的生物力学数据相比较,以此验证模型的有效性。结果:建立了正常肱骨三维几何模型和有限元模型。利用ANSYS软件,对模型进行了有效性验证。所建模型物理特性与真实骨骼相近,能很好地反映骨骼的力学变化,实现手法的定量分析。结论:所建立的肱骨模型外形逼真、在不同载荷下的应力值与相关文献一致,可用作中医仿真系统中的虚拟骨折模型。  相似文献   

10.
11.
    
The emerging area of network biology is seeking to provide insights into organizational principles of life. However, despite significant collaborative efforts, there is still typically a weak link between biological and computational scientists and a lack of understanding of the research issues across the disciplines. This results in the use of simple computational techniques of limited potential that are incapable of explaining these complex data. Hence, the danger is that the community might begin to view the topological properties of network data as mere statistics, rather than rich sources of biological information. A further danger is that such views might result in the imposition of scientific doctrines, such as scale-free-centric (on the modeling side) and genome-centric (on the biological side) opinions onto this area. Here, we take a graph-theoretic perspective on protein-protein interaction networks and present a high-level overview of the area, commenting on possible challenges ahead.  相似文献   

12.

Background

Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis is an obligate heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium, which is isolated from Timothy grass silage in Hokkaido, a subarctic region of Japan. This bacterium is expected to be useful as a silage starter culture in cold regions because of its remarkable psychrotolerance; it can grow at temperatures as low as 4°C. To elucidate its genetic background, particularly in relation to the source of psychrotolerance, we constructed the complete genome sequence of L. hokkaidonensis LOOC260T using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology.

Results

The genome of LOOC260T comprises one circular chromosome (2.28 Mbp) and two circular plasmids: pLOOC260-1 (81.6 kbp) and pLOOC260-2 (41.0 kbp). We identified diverse mobile genetic elements, such as prophages, integrated and conjugative elements, and conjugative plasmids, which may reflect adaptation to plant-associated niches. Comparative genome analysis also detected unique genomic features, such as genes involved in pentose assimilation and NADPH generation.

Conclusions

This is the first complete genome in the L. vaccinostercus group, which is poorly characterized, so the genomic information obtained in this study provides insight into the genetics and evolution of this group. We also found several factors that may contribute to the ability of L. hokkaidonensis to grow at cold temperatures. The results of this study will facilitate further investigation for the cold-tolerance mechanism of L. hokkaidonensis.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1435-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

13.
    
I hypothesize that re‐occurring prior experience of complex systems mobilizes a fast response, whose attractor is encoded by their strongly connected network core. In contrast, responses to novel stimuli are often slow and require the weakly connected network periphery. Upon repeated stimulus, peripheral network nodes remodel the network core that encodes the attractor of the new response. This “core‐periphery learning” theory reviews and generalizes the heretofore fragmented knowledge on attractor formation by neural networks, periphery‐driven innovation, and a number of recent reports on the adaptation of protein, neuronal, and social networks. The core‐periphery learning theory may increase our understanding of signaling, memory formation, information encoding and decision‐making processes. Moreover, the power of network periphery‐related “wisdom of crowds” inventing creative, novel responses indicates that deliberative democracy is a slow yet efficient learning strategy developed as the success of a billion‐year evolution. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/IIjP7zWGjVE .  相似文献   

14.
The simulation of cardiac electrophysiological waves are known to require extremely fine meshes, limiting the applicability of current numerical models to simplified geometries and ionic models. In this work, an accurate numerical method based on a time-dependent anisotropic remeshing strategy is presented for simulating three-dimensional cardiac electrophysiological waves. The proposed numerical method greatly reduces the number of elements and enhances the accuracy of the prediction of the electrical wave fronts. Illustrations of the performance and the accuracy of the proposed method are presented using a realistic heart geometry. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed methodology is far superior to the uniform mesh methods commonly used in cardiac electrophysiology.  相似文献   

15.
    
Determining the genetic factors in a disease is crucial to elucidating its molecular basis. This task is challenging due to a lack of information on gene function. The integration of large-scale functional genomics data has proven to be an effective strategy to prioritize candidate disease genes. Mitochondrial disorders are a prevalent and heterogeneous class of diseases that are particularly amenable to this approach. Here we explain the application of integrative approaches to the identification of mitochondrial disease genes. We first examine various datasets that can be used to evaluate the involvement of each gene in mitochondrial function. The data integration methodology is then described, accompanied by examples of common implementations. Finally, we discuss how gene networks are constructed using integrative techniques and applied to candidate gene prioritization. Relevant public data resources are indicated. This report highlights the success and potential of data integration as well as its applicability to the search for mitochondrial disease genes.  相似文献   

16.
微阵列技术已广泛应用于生物学和医学研究领域,如肿瘤的诊断和分型、预测和治疗,理解肿瘤的发生机制、生物学通路和基因网络。统计学方法在这一科学挑战中的地位至关重要。我们综述了微阵列实验数据分析的统计学方法最新发展,主要描述了微阵列数据的标准化、差异表达基因的统计学检验及微阵列技术在肿瘤治疗中的应用,重点介绍了时间序列微阵列数据分析方法和基因调控网络在肿瘤研究中的最新发展。  相似文献   

17.
The induction of the major histocompatibility (MHC), antigen-presenting class II molecules by interferon-gamma, in solid tumor cells, requires the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb). In the absence of Rb, a repressosome blocks the access of positive-acting, promoter binding proteins to the MHC class II promoter. However, a complete molecular linkage between Rb expression and the disassembly of the MHC class II repressosome has been lacking. By treating A549 lung carcinoma cells with a novel small molecule that prevents phosphorylation-mediated, Rb inactivation, we demonstrate that Rb represses the synthesis of an MHC class II repressosome component, YY1. The reduction in YY1 synthesis correlates with the advent of MHC class II inducibility; with loss of YY1 binding to the promoter of the HLA–DRA gene, the canonical human MHC class II gene; and with increased Rb binding to the YY1 promoter. These results support the concept that the Rb gene regulatory network (GRN) subcircuit that regulates cell proliferation is linked to a GRN subcircuit regulating a tumor cell immune function.  相似文献   

18.
用N个密码子对m个编码对象进行编码的编码格式是m元N维空间中的一个顶点。64个密码子对20种氨基酸和终止密码子进行编码格式的组合编码数是一个十分巨大的数字。对多元高维编码空间的拓扑特性进行了分析和研究 ,并由此推导出m -N空间的特性三角的排列方式以及给出特性三角公式的数学证明。指出 ,目前的遗传密码的编码格式是21元64维编码空间的一个顶点。应用组合数学分析的方法 ,计算了遗传密码格式的最大组合编码数CM =4.19×1084 ,基因组遗传密码的组合编码数CG =1.13×1080 以及线粒体遗传密码的组合编码数CT =1.38×1079 等。分析结果表明 ,遗传密码的指定是一个小概率事件 ,可能来源于λ简并后的偶数三联密码配对的组合编码的对称破缺  相似文献   

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