酵母PHO80基因的克隆,表达及功能分析

利用原位杂交方法从野生型酵母菌染色体ＤＮＡ中克隆了ＰＨＯ８０基因,全长约４．２ｋｂ,包括１．１ｋｂ的上游序列和８７９ｂｐ的编码序列。以ＵＲＡ３基因为筛选标记,通过体内同源重组和营养互补筛选获得了ＰＨＯ８０基因缺失突变株。进一步研究了ＰＨＯ８０在细胞内的功能,它是酵母阻遏型酸性磷酸酯酶结构基因以及调控基因ＰＨＯ８１表达的负调控因子,但不影响ＰＨＯ４和ＰＨＯ８５的表达。还构建了ＰＨＯ８０－ＬａｃＺ融合基因,探索它在细胞内的表达规律。β－半乳糖苷酶活力测定结果表明,ＰＨＯ８０基因在细胞内呈低水平表达,并受自身产物和ＰＨＯ８５的抑制,推测它与ＰＨＯ５和ＰＨＯ８１基因的调控模式可能相似。     

酵母PHO81在酸性磷酸酯酶基因表达调控中的作用

利用酵母ＰＨＯ８１与大肠杆菌β－半乳糖苷酶的融合基因,系统地研究了ＰＨＯ８１基因在酵母酸性磷酸酯酶的不同调控因子的单缺失株和双缺失株中的表达规律,它与酸性磷酸酯酶基因ＰＨＯ５和ＰＨＯ１１的控制机制相似。构建 了ＡＤＨ１启动子控制下ＰＨＯ８１表达质粒。在ＰＨＯ８１在细胞内组成型表达时,酸性磷酸酯酶基因的表达仍受无机磷的控制,提示ＰＨＯ８１蛋白可能在不同浓度无机磷条件发生变构。ＰＨＯ８１的酸性磷酸酯酶     

酵母PH081在酸性磷酸酯酶基因表达调控中的作用

利用酵母ＰＨＯ８１与大肠杆菌产β－半乳糖苷酶的融合基因,系统地研究了ＰＨＯ８１基因在酵母酸性磷酸醋酶的不同调控因子的单缺失株和双缺失株中的表达规律,它与酸性磷酸酯酶基因ＰＨＯ５和ＰＨＯ１１的控制机制相似。构建了ＡＤＨ１启动子控制下ＰＨＯ８１表达质粒。在ＰＨＯ８１在细胞内组成型表达时,酸性磷酸酯酶基因的表达仍受无机磷的控制,揭示ＰＨＯ８１蛋白可能在不同浓度无机磷条件发生变构。ＰＨＯ８１在酸性磷酸酯酶基因表达系统中是一个中介因子。在此基础提出了一个酸性磷酸酯酶基因调控的分子模型。     

酵母PAP1与PHO85激酶复合物对PHO4的磷酸化

酵母ＰＨＯ８５结合蛋白ＰＡＰ１与其它的ＰＨＯ８５结合蛋白ＰＨＯ８０、ＰＣＬ１及ＰＣＬ２有较高的同源性。我们上ＰＡＰ１与ＨＡ抗原的融合基因,利用抗－ＨＡ抗体进行免疫沉淀。体外翻译的融合ＨＡ标记肽的ＰＡＰ１与体外翻译的ＰＨＯ８５的免疫共沉淀证明了ＰＡＰ１与ＰＨＯ８５的结合。同时纯化了大肠杆菌表达的ＰＨＯ４蛋白,并构建了Ｐ９ＨＯ８５：：ＰＲＰ１缺失株。ＰＡＰ１与ＨＡ的融合基因被置于酵母ＡＤＨ１启动子的控     

醇母PHO81基因的克隆和表达

从酵母染色体ＤＮＡ中获得１个约３．０ｋｂ的ＢａｍＨＩ的克隆片段和１个约５．０ｋｂ的ＰｓｔＩ片段,前者包含１７４５ｂｐ的ＰＨＯ８１基因编码序列及１２４４ｂｐ的上游序列,后者包含２２３６ｂｐ的编码序列及约２．８ｋｂ的下游序列,经拼接得到完整的ＰＨＯ８１基因。以ＵＲＡ３基因取代部分ＰＨＯ８１的编码序列,通过体内同源重组,获得ＰＨＯ８１基因缺陷的酵母细胞株。构建ＰＨＯ８１－ＬａｃＺ融合基因,以β－半乳糖苷酶的活力表示ＰＨＯ８１基因的表达水平,研究了它的表达作用。ＰＨＯ８１基因为阻遏型表达,受无机磷浓度的控制,高磷使基因表达阻遏,低磷去阻遏。ＰＨＯ８１对其自身的表达有正调控作用,它与ＰＨＯ５和ＰＨＯ１１基因的调控模式相似,但ＰＨＯ８１上游调控序列和ＰＨＯ５及ＰＨＯ１１的同源性很低。     

酵母转录因子PHO81基因的上游序列功能分析

利用ＰＨＯ８１ｌａｃＺ融合基因,对它的上游进行缺失分析,发现有两个区域对ＰＨＯ８１基因的表达是必需的：－４０１～－２８９ｂｐ和－１０１２～－８０１ｂｐ。比较ＰＨＯ８１和ＰＨＯ５,ＰＨＯ８４基因上游,未发现有较高同源性的序列存在,但在－４０１～－２８９ｂｐ区域有ＰＨＯ４蛋白结合位点的核心序列５′ＣＡＣＧＴＧ／Ｔ３′,以及ＣＡＣＧＴＧ／Ｔ两侧富含Ａ／Ｔ的序列（可能是ＰＨＯ２结合位点）。推测－４０１～－２８９ｂｐ包含了ＰＨＯ８１的上游激活序列（ＵＡＳ）,－１０１２～－８０１ｂｐ可能起增强的作用。用酵母总蛋白质对－１０１２～－８０１ｂｐ进行凝胶阻抑电泳分析,证明有未知的蛋白因子结合在这个区域。     

酵母PHO85基因的定点诱变和功能分析

克隆酵母ＰＨＯ８５基因，用ＵＲＡ３基因取代其部分编码序列，通过染色体同源重组的途径，构建ＰＨＯ８５缺失突变株。以细胞内酸性磷酸酯酶的活力水平显示ＰＨＯ８５的功能作用。完整ＰＨＯ８５基因转入缺陷型酵母菌，能使表达回复，位点专一诱变的ＰＨＯ８５基因（Ｇｌｙ１３→ＡＳＰ或ＬＹＳ３３→Ｇｌｕ）丧失此种功能。ＰＨＯ８５与ＣＤＣ２８编码的蛋白激酶有较高的同源性。ＰＨＯ８５的Ｇｌｙ１３和Ｌｙｓ３３相当于蛋白激酶     

酵母转录因子PHO2在PHO5,HIS4及HO基因表达中的作用

酵母ＰＨＯ２蛋白在多个不同基因的表达中起作用,是一个多效的转录激活因子。本文比较了该因子要ＰＨＯ５,ＨＩＳ４及ＨＯ３种基因表达系统中的作用。ＰＨＯ２的缺失使ＰＨＯ５在低磷时不能去阻遏;使ＨＩＳ４和ＨＯ的表达分别降低到正常的２５％和４０％。如果把克隆于抵拷贝穿梭质粒的ＰＨＯ２基因转入ＰＨＯ２缺陷的酵母菌,则３种基因的表达都恢复正常。     

PHO4和PHO2蛋白与PHO81基因调控序列的相互作用

高效表达产纯化了ＰＨＯ４和ＰＨＯ２蛋白,凝胶阻抑电泳分析证明了ＰＨＯ４和ＰＨＯ２蛋白与ＰＨＯ８１上游－４０１－２８９ｂｐ片段的结合,定点突变ＰＨＯ２的２３０位丝氨酸为天冬氨呈丙氨酸,不影响ＰＨＯ２蛋白与此片段的结合。足迹法分析证明了ＰＨＯ４结合在ＰＨＯ８１基因上游的３５４－３３３ｂｐ,ＰＨＯ２结合在３４１－３３４ｂｐ。因此,这些结果表明－４０１－２８９ｂｐ包含了ＰＨＯ８１的上游激活序列（ＵＡＳ）,     

酵母PH081基因的克隆和表达

从酵母染色体ＤＮＡ中获得１个约３．０ｋｂ的ＢａｍＨＩ的克隆片段和１个约５．０ｋｂ的ＰｓｔＩ片段,前者包含１７４５ｂｐ的ＰＨＯ８１基因编码序列及１２４４ｂｐ的上游列,后者包含２２３６ｂｐ的编码序列及约２．８ｋｂ的下游序列,经拼接得完整的ＰＨＯ８１基因。以ＵＲＡ３基因取代部分ＰＨＯ８１的编码序列,通过体内同源重组,获得ＰＨＯ８１基因缺陷的酵母细胞株。构建ＰＨＯ８１－ＬａｃＺ融合基因,以β－半乳糖苷敏的     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.