湖南蝗虫三新种（直翅目：蝗总科

记述采自湖南省山区的蝗虫３新和 山卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｊｉｕｙｓｈａｎａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（斑腿蝗科Ｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｉａｄａｅ卵翅蝗属Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｓｔａｌ,１８７８）, Ｆｒｕｈｓｔｏｒｆｅｒｉｏｌａ ｘｕｅ ｆｅｒｎｓｈａｎａ,ｓｐ．ｖｏｎ．（斑腿蝗科Ｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｉｄａｅ腹露蝗属Ｆｒｕｈｓｔｏｒ ｆｅｒｉｏｌａＷｉｌｌｅｍｓｅ,１９９２）,大围山雏蝗Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｐｕｓ ｄａｗｅｉ     

浙江卵翅蝗属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

记述在浙江省开化县古田山自然保护区采到的卵翅蝗属１新种：浙江卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｚｈｅ ｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所和杭州师范学院生物系动物标本室。     

卵翅蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

记述采自云南西部蝗虫１新种，即大尾片卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｍａｑｃｒｏｆｕｒｃｕｌａ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于大理师范高等专科学校生化系及西南林学院昆虫标本室。     

广西蝗虫新种记述：直翅目：斑腿蝗科

本文记述采自广西元宝山斑腿蝗科佯越蝗属、卵翅蝗属各１新种──尤氏佯越蝗Ｐａｒａｔｏｎｋｉｎａｃｒｉｓｙｏｕｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及元宝山卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａｙｕａｎｂａｏｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存于广西科学院生物研究所标本室。     

湖南省蝗虫一新属新种（蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述在湖南省武陵山地区斑腿蝗科的新属拟稻蝗属Ｏｘｙｏｉｄｅｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．和武陵山拟稻蝗新种Ｏｘｙｏｉｄｅｓ ｗｕｌｉｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

山西雏蝗属二新种：直翅目：网翅蝗科

本文记述山西省雁北地区雏蝗属Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｕｓ Ｆｉｅｂｅｒ１８５２二新种,即郑氏雏蝗Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｐｕｓ ｚｈｅｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和宽带雏蝗Ｃｈｏｒｔｈｉｐｐｕｓ ａｍｐｌｉｌｉｎｅａｔｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本保存在山西省农牧厅植保植检总结。     

滇西典翅蝗属一种新（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文记述采自滇西横断山区斑腿蝗科－新种,即具尾曲翅蝗Ｃｕｒｖｉｐｅｎｎｉｓｆｕｒｃｕｌｉｓ,ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ．。,模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所及云南大理师专生物系。     

湖南武陵山地区小蹦蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述了采自湖南武陵山区的小蹦蝗属ＰｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａＺｈｅｎｇ一新种,小尾小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｆｕｒｃｕｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ该新种近似于秦岭小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｔｓｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ）。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所蝗虫研究室。     

中国鸣蝗属一新种(直翅目:蝗总科)

报道采自重庆市万盛地区鸣蝗属一新种。重庆鸣蝗Ｍｏｎｇｏｌｏｔｅｔｔｉｘ ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种近似于异翅鸣蝗Ｍｏｎｇｏｌｏｔｅｔｔｉｘ ａｎｏｍｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ（Ｃａｕｄ．）。主要区别为雌性前翅顶端具凹口;雄性前翅达后足股节膝部;雄性得部末节北板具圆形尾片。     

甘肃省痂蝗属一新种（蝗总科：斑翅蝗科）

本文记述采自甘肃省肃北县鱼儿红牧场的斑翅蝗科痂蝗属Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍａ一新种,野马山痂蝗Ｂ．ｙｅｍａｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,新种与透翅痂蝗Ｂ．ｈｙａｌｉｎａｌａ Ｚｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ近似。     

沙门菌CWDMs乳酸脱氢酶同功酶的观察

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测伤寒杆菌和甲型副伤寒杆菌的ＣＷＤＭｓ及其宁代细菌型和伤寒杆菌粗糙型的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同功酶,以了解沙门菌ＣＷＤＭｓ生物氧化的特点和机制,探讨ＣＷＤＭｓ变异的性质。结果表明,伤寒杆菌和甲型副伤寒杆菌的细菌型及伤寒杆粗糙型在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后显示出相同的４种具有不同泳动速率的ＬＤＨ同功酶,但ＣＷＤＭｓ仅显示２种ＬＤＨ。ＣＷＤＭｓ的２种ＬＤＨ同功酶与其亲代细菌型及伤寒杆     

省沽油科叶解剖结构的分类学意义

本文对国产省沽油科 Staphyleaceae 4属植物叶的解剖结构进行了详细的比较研究。结果表明, 叶解剖结构特征在属间的区别较明显, 特别是瘿椒树属 Tapiscia 有着几乎与其他三属截然不同的独特性状。根据已有的孢粉学, 花、节及木材的解剖等方面的资料, 我们支持Тахтаджян(1987)将瘿椒树亚科分出而建立瘿椒树科 Tapisciaceae 的观点。瘿椒树属为我国特有属, 根据我们对采自不同产地的材料观察, 居群间的差异很小, 其可能仍为一单种属。     

中国鳐类脑颅的研究

作者解剖观察了33种,隶于4目、7亚目、15科、19属的中国鳐类脑颅的形态。研究结果认为:锯鳐目和鳐目是原始类群,它们均具吻软骨,其中圆犂头鳐科和团扇鳐科是特化类群。电鳐目亦具吻软骨,它们是特化和退化类群。在较高等的鲼目则无吻软骨。依据鳐类不同的分类阶元,其脑颅亦各具有不同的式型。     

ASCOCARPIC CENTRUM ONTOGENY OF SPECIES OF HYPODERMATACEAE OF CONIFERS

Studies on the morphology of the ascocarps of 39 species of Hypodermataceae revealed several previously unknown cytological features. Two basic and one intermediate type of centrum ontogeny are discussed. Ascal initiation within Type I centrum occurs in the basal cells of the pseudoparaphyses and involves anastomoses, while ascal initiation within Type II occurs in cells of a plectenchymatous centrum, with no visible anastomosing in the ascocarp. There is frequent anastomosing between vegetative hyphae well in advance of initiation of the ascocarp. Ascal initiation in the intermediate type has ontogenetic sequences similar to those in Types I and II.     

STABILITY OF SUSPENSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES OF PROTEINS AND PROTECTIVE ACTION OF COLLOIDS

1. It is shown that the concentrations of different salts required to precipitate suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles in water are practically identical with the concentrations of the same salts required for the "salting out" of gelatin from aqueous solutions. Neither effect shows any relation to the electrical double layers surrounding the particles. 2. It is shown that at the isoelectric point of gelatin, suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles are not stable and it had been shown previously that gelatin is least soluble at the isoelectric point. The addition of salt increases both the solubility of gelatin in water as well as the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles in water, and both effects increase with the valency of one of the ions of the salt. 3. This latter effect is not due to any charges conferred on the gelatin particles by the salts, since the cataphoretic experiments show that salts like NaCl, Na₂SO₄, or CaCl₂, which at the isoelectric point of gelatin increase the solubility of gelatin as well as the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated collodion particles, leave the particles practically uncharged in the concentrations in which the salts are efficient. 4. It follows from all these facts that the stability of suspensions of gelatin-coated particles in water depends on the solubility of gelatin in water; e.g., on the chemical affinity of certain groups of the gelatin molecule for water. 5. Though crystalline egg albumin is highly soluble in water, the stability of collodion particles coated with crystalline egg albumin does not depend upon the affinity of the albumin molecule for water, but depends practically alone on the electrical double layer surrounding each particle. As soon as the P.D. of this double layer falls below 13 millivolts, the suspension is no longer stable. 6. The critical potential for the stability of suspensions of collodion particles coated with genuine egg albumin is the same as that for particles of boiled (denatured) white of egg. Since through the process of heating, egg albumin loses its solubility in water, it is inferred that egg albumin undergoes the same change when it forms a film around a solid particle like collodion. 7. The influence of electrolytes on the stability of suspensions of collodion particles coated with casein or edestin was similar to that of collodion particles coated with egg albumin. The experiments are, however, complicated by the fact that near the isoelectric point CaCl₂ and even NaCl cause a suspension again at concentrations of about M/2 or 1 M, while still higher concentrations may cause a precipitation again. These latter effects have no connection with double layers, but belong probably in the category of solubility phenomena. 8. These experiments permit us to define more definitely the conditions for a general protective action of colloids. Protective colloids must be capable of forming a durable film on the surface of the suspended particles and the molecules constituting the film must have a higher attraction for the molecules of the solvent than for each other; in other words, they must possess true solubility. Only in this case can they prevent the precipitating action of low concentrations of electrolytes on particles which are kept in suspension solely by the high potentials of an electrical double layer. Thus gelatin films, in which the attraction of the molecules for water is preserved, have a general protective action, while crystalline egg albumin, casein, and edestin, which seem to lose their attraction for water when forming a film, have a protective action only under limited conditions stated in the paper.     

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF AUXIN-INDUCED TUMORS OF THE COLEORHIZA-EPIBLAST OF WHEAT

When wheat is germinated in high concentrations of certain auxins, the coleorhiza-epiblast grows in an excessive and disorganized manner and resembles a callus. Wheat was germinated in 10⁻³ M indoleacetic acid or in water. There was greater net synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein in the tumor tissue than in control tissue. Control and tumor tissue was fixed for electron microscopy 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after sowing. In contrast to the controls, many more lipoidal bodies appeared in 1-day-old, auxin-treated tissue and thereafter diminished in number. In 2- and 3-day-old tumor tissue, small membraneous fragments were prominent but disappeared in older tissue. With time, the following changes became progressively more pronounced: cytoplasmic vacuolation, appearance of myelin figures, polyribosome configurations and extensive profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and sloughing of cytoplasmic contents into and accumulation of electron-dense material in vacuoles. Possible factors in susceptibility of certain tissues to tumor formation are discussed.     

沙门菌CWDMs苹果酸脱氢酶的检测

目的：了解沙门菌细菌壁缺陷突变株（CWDMs）的生物氧化及遗传特点和探讨细菌壁缺陷变异的性质与机制。方法：采用PAGE电泳法和分光光度法检测伤寒沙门菌和甲型副伤寒沙门菌及其CWDMs和伤寒沙门菌粗糙型和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）同工酶的活性与类型。结果：伤寒沙门菌和甲型副伤寒沙门菌的细菌型和伤寒沙门菌粗糙型经PAGE电泳可见一条MDH同工酶带,CWDMs电泳后可见两条MDH同Ⅰ酶带,在CWDMs的MDH中有一条泳动速率与细菌型及粗糙型的相同,另一条则较快。分光光度法检测证实。细菌型与粗糙型的MDH活性相似,CWDMs的MDH活性则明显较低。结论：CWDMs保留了与亲代细菌型一致的MDH和形成了一种新的MDH,并且其MDH的活性已显著降低,此特性可能与CWDMs生物氧化特性的改变有关。     

刺激迷走神经向中端对大鼠不同脑区脑啡肽含量的影响

自从1975年(Hughes et al. 1975)发现脑啡肽以来,经多方面研究已认为脑啡肽可能是一种神经递质,它具有多种生理功能(范少光、汤健,1978)。据新近文献报道,脑啡肽与催产素及加压素三者具有共同存在的并存关系(Martin and Voigt。1981)。 已经证明,刺激迷走神经向中端,可引起脑内释放乙酰胆硷,从而促使神经垂体释放压加素和催产素,肾上腺释放肾上腺素(Chang, et al. 1937;1961,1964;吕运明等1965,1977;唐正荣1981)。但是,刺激迷走神经向中端,是否也能引起脑内脑啡肽的释放,迷走神经传入纤维与脑内脑啡肽能神经原之间,是否存有机能上的联系?关于这个     

合浦珠母贝珍珠的生物学性能初步检测

本研究报道了合浦珠母贝珍珠的生物学性能初步检测结果。珍珠作为—种天然的生物材料。在医药、化妆品工业等领域中的应用已很广泛。本研究对合浦珠母贝珍珠进行了体外细胞毒性试验、溶血试验和经静脉全身急性毒性试验的研究。实验结果表明,合浦珠母贝珍珠具有较好的细胞相容性,其浸提液对实验动物无明显毒性。在本研究中,合浦珠母贝珍珠的浸提液对兔血红细胞的溶血指数高于对照组。     

A REINTERPRETATION OF THE ONTOGENY OF THE ASCOCARP OF SPECIES OF THE ERYSIPHACEAE

A study of four species of Erysiphaceae (Uncinula salicis, Podosphaera leucotricha, Erysiphe cichoracearum, and Microsphaera diffusa) revealed that the binucleate stages of the ascocarp are initiated in a similar manner to those of Diporotheca rhizophila Gordon & Shaw. The “appendages” developing on immature ascocarps are considered to be receptive hyphae. Appendages characteristic of mature ascocarps are produced much later. Lysis of certain centrum cells occurs, and asci are initiated from some of the remaining binucleate centrum cells. Resorption of centrum cells by the asci is supported by this investigation, corroborating Björling's earlier studies on Erysiphe graminis.