云南西藏蝠蛾属四新种：（鳞翅目：蝙蝠蛾科）

本文报道了云南西北部和西藏东南部的高寒草甸中分布的蝠蛾属４新种：剑川蝠蛾Ｈｅｐｉａｌｕｓ ｊｉａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,甲郎蝠蛾Ｈ．ｊｉａａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．察里蝠蛾Ｈ．ｚａｌｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,异翅蝠蛾Ｈｅｐｉａｌｕｓ ａｎｏｍｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．４个新种都是冬虫夏草真菌的寄主昆虫。     

云南西藏蝠蛾属四新种（鳞翅目：蝙蝠蛾科）

本文报道了云南西北部和西藏东南部的高寒草甸中分布的蝠蛾属４新种：剑川蝠蛾Ｈｅｐｉａｌｕｓｊｉａｎｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,甲郎蝠蛾Ｈ．ｊｉａｌａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．Ｎｏｖ．,察里蝠蛾Ｈ．ｚａｒｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,异翅蝠蛾Ｈｅｐｉａｌｕｓａｎｏｍｏｐｔｅｒｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．４个新种都是冬虫夏草真菌的寄主昆虫。     

中国斑织蛾属二新种记述：鳞翅目：织蛾科

本文记述在陕西省秦岭采到的斑织蛾属２新种：秦岭斑织蛾Ｒｉｐｅａｃｍａ ｑｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和佛平斑织蛾Ｒｉｐｅａｃｍａ ｆｏｐｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,并附有雌、雄外生殖器特征图,模式标本存西北林学院。     

中国叉木蛾属Metathrinca研究及三新种记述（鳞翅目：木蛾科）

记述中国叉木蛾属３新种：银叉木蛾Ｍｅｔａｔｈｒｉｎｃａ ａｒｇｅｎｔｅａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,佛坪叉木蛾Ｍｅｔａｔｈｒｉｎｃａ ｆｏｐｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和梅花山叉木蛾Ｍｅｔａｔｈｒｉｎｃａ ｍｅｉｈｕａｓｈａｎａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,绘出了雌雄外生殖器特征图,并提供了中国已知种检索素。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

棉褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana可分为两个亚种(鳞翅目: 卷蛾总科: 卷蛾科)

对我国不同地区和不同植物上所采集的棉褐带卷蛾３个属群进行形态分类研究,发现茶叶、棉花上的２个属群幼虫上颚第５齿、蛹下唇基毛、雄虫前翅基斑、中带、雄性爪型突和雌性囊导管长度等与苹果、桃树上的属群均存在较大差异。结合性信息素、杂交等研究,认为我国的棉褐带卷蛾已发生了种下分化,应分为两个亚种,即为害苹果、桃树的种为苹褐带卷蛾ＡｄｏｘｏｐｈｙｅｓｏｒａｎａｂｅｉｊｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＺｈｏｕｅｔＦｕ,而在棉花、茶树上为害的种是棉褐带卷蛾ＡｄｏｘｏｐｈｙｅｓｏｒａｎａｏｒａｎａＦｉｓｃｈｅｒｖｏｎＲｏｓｌｅｒｓｔａｍｍ。     

水蜡蛾科二新种(鳞翅目:水蜡蛾科)

报道了水蜡蛾科Ｂｒａｈｍａｅｉｄａｅ的２新种：全斑水蜡蛾Ｂｒａｈｍｉｄｉａ ｔｏｔｉｍａｃｕｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和中华水蜡蛾Ｂｒａｈｍｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模型标本保存在中国人民解放军农牧大学植保教研室标本室。     

马来西亚瘤祝蛾亚科分类研究及三新种记述(鳞翅目:祝蛾科)

整理了马来西亚产瘤祝蛾亚科的４属８种,其中有３新种：秃祝蛾Ｈａｌｏｌａｇｕｎａ ｏｒｔｈｏｇｏｎｉａ Ｗｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,宽俪祝蛾Ｐｈｉｌｈａｒｍｏｎｉａ ｅｕｒｙｓｉａ Ｗｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,肾白祝蛾Ｔｈｕｂａｎａ ｒｅｎｉｆｏｒｍａＷｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和１新组合种：双秃祝蛾Ｈａｌｏｌａｇｕｎａ ｂｉｆｅｒｒｉｎｅｌｌａ（Ｗａｌｋｅｒ）。对新种与新组合种进行了详细的描述,且配有雄性外生殖器解     

西藏北部地区蝠蛾属二新种记述（鳞翅目：蝙幅蛾科）

本文报道了西藏北部地区分布的幅蛾属２新种──巴吉蝠蛾Ｈｅｐｉａｌｕｓｂａｑｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及当雄幅蛾Ｈｅｐｉａｌｕｓｄａｍｘｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本存中国科学院昆明动物研究所。     

中国织蛾二新种记述(鳞翅目:织蛾科)

报道中国织蛾二新种：锈平织蛾Ｐｅｄｉｏｘｅｓｔｉｓ ｆｅｒｒｕｇｉｎｅａ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈｅｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和龟圆织蛾Ｅｏｎｙｍｐｈａ ｃｈｅｌｏｎｉｎａ Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈｅｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。锈平织蛾外形与Ｐｅｄｉｏｘｅｓｔｉｓ ｉｓｏｍｏｒｐｈａ Ｍｅｙｒｉｃｋ相似,但可通过雌性外生殖器来区别：交配囊略呈圆形;导管端片呈不规则梯形,密布微刺;囊突略呈方形,具齿。龟圆织蛾外形与Ｅｏ     

中国福利祝蛾属研究及新种记述

福利祝蛾属Ｆｒｓｉｌｉａ在中国已记载２种,本文记述２新种,安宁福利祝蛾Ｆ．ａｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,和条斑福利神速蛾Ｆ．ｓｔｒｉａｐｕｎｃｔａｔａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,及一新纪录种,黄福利祝蛾Ｆ．ｈａｍａｃｈｌｏｒａ Ｍｅｙｒｉｃｋ,至此我国的福利利祝蛾达５各。文中对属征作了综述,并编制了分种检索表,示本保存科学院动物研究所。     

Conservation status of the two cryptic species of Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Bryophyta) in Sweden

Cryptic species are rarer than their combined, morphologically recognisable species. Each cryptic species may have its own habitat requirements and distribution, and each should be considered separately in biodiversity conservation. This investigation explores how well the two cryptic species of the wetland moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus (Mitt.) Hedenäs s.l., included in Annex II of the EU Habitat Directive, are safeguarded in existing protected sites in Sweden. Further, the northern distribution limit of the southern of the two cryptic species is explored. The distributions of the two cryptic species and their intraspecific variation are judged by the nuclear ITS1?+?2 and the two chloroplast markers rpl16 and trnL-trnF for a set of 89 specimens. The genetic differences between the two cryptic species are significant, but there are no differences between the protected and non-protected subsets within the respective species. The protected areas therefore represent these two species’ genetic variation well. The populations of both cryptic species appear stable, according to their genetic signals. One of the two cryptic species occurs almost throughout Sweden, whereas the other occurs only to the south of the southern limit of the southern boreal zone, except for two finds slightly further north in climatically mild areas.     

Sibling species of bean bruchids: a morphological and phylogenetic study of Acanthoscelides obtectus Say and Acanthoscelides obvelatus Bridwell

Acanthoscelides Schilsky is a large genus of neotropical bruchid beetles, in which most species show host plant specialization. Acanthoscelides obtectus and Acanthoscelides obvelatus are two sibling species specialized on Phaseolus beans, and are therefore considered pests. Up to now, the status of these two taxa has remained unclear, the few studies conducted having failed to elucidate whether these are two differentiated species or a single morphologically variable species. In addition, A. obvelatus has not been taken into account in the great majority of studies of bean bruchids. In this morphological and genetic study, we show that A. obtectus and A. obvelatus are two 'true' non-hybridizing species, which diverged about 22 Mya. Although the two species demonstrate only few morphological differences, we point out some diagnostic characters that enable their identification in the field. We also address a genetic method of differentiation of the two species, based on species-specific microsatellite loci. The strong morphological resemblance of these two species, despite their ancient divergence, may be the result of evolutionary stasis, which could be the consequence of stabilizing selection. Niche differentiation could enable the two species to coexist indefinitely.     

云南临沧晚中新世邦卖组植物群

云南临沧中寨晚中新世邦卖组植物群总计37科59属71种（含37新种）。其中,蕨类植物仅有1科1属1种（新种）;裸子植物有2科2属2种;被子植物有34科55属67种[其中双子叶植物32科53属65种（含35新种）和单子叶植物2科2属2种];另有分类位置不明的果实1属1种（新种）。这个植物群属于常绿和落叶阔叶混交林植被,它...     

Ideal free distributions, evolutionary games, and population dynamics in multiple-species environments

In this article, we develop population game theory, a theory that combines the dynamics of animal behavior with population dynamics. In particular, we study interaction and distribution of two species in a two-patch environment assuming that individuals behave adaptively (i.e., they maximize Darwinian fitness). Either the two species are competing for resources or they are in a predator-prey relationship. Using some recent advances in evolutionary game theory, we extend the classical ideal free distribution (IFD) concept for single species to two interacting species. We study population dynamical consequences of two-species IFD by comparing two systems: one where individuals cannot migrate between habitats and one where migration is possible. For single species, predator-prey interactions, and competing species, we show that these two types of behavior lead to the same population equilibria and corresponding species spatial distributions, provided interspecific competition is patch independent. However, if differences between patches are such that competition is patch dependent, then our predictions strongly depend on whether animals can migrate or not. In particular, we show that when species are settled at their equilibrium population densities in both habitats in the environment where migration between habitats is blocked, then the corresponding species spatial distribution need not be an IFD. Thus, when species are given the opportunity to migrate, they will redistribute to reach an IFD (e.g., under which the two species can completely segregate), and this redistribution will also influence species population equilibrial densities. Alternatively, we also show that when two species are distributed according to the IFD, the corresponding population equilibrium can be unstable.     

山桃山杏苗木耗水特性研究

在不同土壤水分条件下,研究了苗木定植后耗水特性。结果表明：两个树种耗水特性很接近,只是在严重干旱下两者才表现出差异,由于生物产量的差异,使其耗水系数相接近。     

CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF OEDOGONIUM. II. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN TWELVE SPECIES OF OEDOGONIUM

Mitotic chromosome counts are reported for 12 species of Oedogonium with the following distribution: two species with 13 chromosomes, two species with 16 chromosomes, five species with 17 chromosomes one species with 19 chromosomes, one species with 32 chromosomes, and one species with 38 + 1 chromosomes. Diploid strains of two species are illustrated and discussed. Cytological comparison of species establishes that there is great diversity in Oedogonium with relation to chromosome number, size, and morphology.     

Genetic,ecological, and behavioural divergence between two sibling snapping shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheus)

Examination of genetic and ecological relationships within sibling species complexes can provide insights into species diversity and speciation processes. Alpheus angulatus and A. armillatus, two snapping shrimp species with overlapping ranges in the north-western Atlantic, are similar in morphology, exploit similar ecological niches and appear to represent recently diverged sibling species. We examined phylogenetic and ecological relationships between these two species with: (i) sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA and COI); (ii) data on potential differences in microhabitat distribution for A. armillatus and A. angulatus; and (iii) data from laboratory experiments on the level of reproductive isolation between the two species. DNA sequence data suggest A. armillatus and A. angulatus are sister species that diverged subsequent to the close of the Isthmus of Panama, and that haplotype diversity is lower in A. armillatus than in A. angulatus. Both species are distantly related to A. heterochaelis and A. estuariensis, two species with which A. angulatus shares some similarities in coloration. Ecological data on the distribution of A. angulatus and A. armillatus from two locations revealed differences in distribution of the two species between habitat patches, with each patch dominated by one or the other species. However, there was no apparent difference in distribution of the two species within habitat patches with respect to microhabitat location. Ecological data also revealed that heterospecific individuals often occur in close proximity (i.e. within metres or centimetres) where sympatric. Behavioural data indicated that these species are reproductively isolated, which is consistent with speciation in transient allopatry followed by post-divergence secondary contact. Our data further resolve taxonomic confusion between the sibling species, A. armillatus and A. angulatus, and suggest that sympatry in areas of range overlap and exploitation of similar ecological niches by these two recently diverged species have selected for high levels of behavioural incompatibility.     

广西禾本科植物二新记录属

该文报道了广西禾本科(Poaceae)植物二新记录属,即菵草属( Beckmannia Host)和草沙蚕属( Tripogon Roem. et Schult.)。菵草属有2种及1变种,分布较广,我国有1种1变种,广西首次记录到该属的菵草[ Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.]。草沙蚕属约有30种,多分布于亚洲和非洲,我国有11种,广西首次记录到该属的线形草沙蚕( Tripogon filiformis Nees ex Steud.)。同时,还提供了2个新记录属、种的形态描述与照片。     

Jumping plant lice (Homoptera: Psylloidea) of the temperate neotropical region. Part 1: Psyllidae (subfamilies Aphalarinae, Rhinocolinae and Aphalaroidinae)

The psyllid-fauna of temperate and subantarctic South America comprises members of three families: Calophyidae, Triozidae and Psyllidae. Three subfamilies of the Psyllidae are revised in this paper: the Aphalarinae are represented by two species in two genera, one of which develops on Aquifoliaceae; the Rhinocolinae are represented by two congeneric species on Anacardiaceae while the Aphalaroidinae contain 38 species in seven genera trophically linked to the Compositae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminosae, Myzodendraceae, Rhamnaceae, Solanaceae and Zygophyllaceae. The family Psyllidae (= Aphalaridae syn. nov. , =Spondyliaspididae syn. nov. ) and the constituent subfamily Aphalaroidinae (= Arepuninae syn nov. , = Ciriacreminae auct. pp) are redefined. Three genera and 30 species are described as new and two new generic, two new specific synonyms, and five new combinations are proposed. Information on larvae and host plant relationships is also given. Lectotypes are designated for eight species and a type-species is fixed for one genus. Keys are provided for the identification to species.     

At the lower size limit for tetrapods, two new species of the miniaturized frog genus Paedophryne (Anura, Microhylidae)

I describe two new species in the miniaturized microhylid frog genus Paedophryne from forests in southeastern Papua New Guinea. The first species is described on the basis of two specimens and exhibits female snout-vent length of 8.5-9.0 mm (no males known), whereas that of the second species, described on the basis of 12 specimens, is 8.8-9.3 mm, with males 8.1-8.9 mm. These frogs are smaller than the other two diminutive species described when the genus was recently erected, and they represent what are currently the smallest known species of tetrapods. The two species replace each other elevationally on the same mountain massif and occur in relative geographic proximity to the other named species of the genus. Females of both species contain only two enlarged ova, suggesting that they also possess clutch sizes at the extreme lower end of variation in frogs. All species of Paedophryne inhabit leaf litter, as seen for most other miniaturized anurans.