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1.
S. L. Ahuja 《Sexual plant reproduction》1988,1(1):63-64
Summary In 30 genotypes of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud.) there were significant genotypic differences in the weight of reproductive parts (male + female flowers), vegetatively propagating parts (clump and rhizome) and non-propagating vegetative parts (leaf and root). The weight of reproductive parts was significantly and positively associated with the weight of vegetatively propagating parts. Path-coefficient analysis revealed that the selection of genotypes with a high weight of reproductive parts should be based on genotypes with a high weight of vegetatively propagating parts. 相似文献
2.
Transgenic plants of ramie (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.) obtained by Agrobacterium mediated transformation
Diva Maria A. Dusi Manuel Dubald Elionor Rita P. de Almeida Linda S. Caldas Eugen S. Gander 《Plant cell reports》1993,12(11):625-628
A regeneration and transformation protocol for ramie (Boehmeria nivea Gaud.) is presented. Regeneration was obtained from leaf discs placed on solid B-5 medium (Gamborg et al. 1968) containing adequate concentrations of auxin and cytokinin. Co-cultivation of leaf discs with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and subsequent regeneration resulted in transgenic plants as shown by Southern blot and analysis of expression of the GUS-marker gene. 相似文献
3.
Xia An Bo Wang Lijun Liu Hui Jiang Jie Chen Shengtuo Ye Leiyu Chen Pingan Guo Xing Huang Dingxiang Peng 《Molecular biology reports》2014,41(5):3257-3269
In this study, leaf midribs, the elite explants, were used for the first time to develop an efficient regeneration and transformation protocol for ramie [Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.] via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Sensitivity of leaf midribs regeneration to kanamycin was evaluated, which showed that 40 mg l?1 was the optimal concentration needed to create the necessary selection pressure. Factors affecting the ramie transformation efficiency were evaluated, including leaf age, Agrobacterium concentration, length of infection time for the Agrobacterium solution, acetosyringone concentration in the co-cultivation medium, and the co-cultivation period. The midrib explants from 40-day-old in vitro shoots, an Agrobacterium concentration at OD600 of 0.6, 10-min immersion in the bacteria solution, an acetosyringone concentration of 50 mg l?1 in the co-cultivation medium and a 3-day co-cultivation period produced the highest efficiencies of regeneration and transformation. In this study, the average transformation rate was 23.25 %. Polymerase chain reactions using GUS and NPTII gene-specific primers, Southern blot and histochemical GUS staining analyses further confirmed that the transgene was integrated into the ramie genome and expressed in the transgenic ramie. The establishment of this system of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants will be used not only to introduce genes of interest into the ramie genome for the purpose of trait improvement, but also as a common means of testing gene function by enhancing or inhibiting the expression of target genes. 相似文献
4.
R. Polisetty V. Paul J. J. Deveshwar S. Khetarpal K. Suresh R. Chandra 《Plant cell reports》1997,16(8):565-571
The efficacy of benzyladenine (BA) to induce multiple shoots from seed explants of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was assessed. Shoot differentiation was influenced by the type of seed explant, genotype and concentration of BA. Orientation of the explant also strongly influenced the shoot regeneration response. The optimum BA concentration for shoot/shoot bud regeneration was genotype dependent. Two types of BA-induced response were observed: (1) at less than 7.5 gm BA, direct shoot differentiation (2 to 4-cm-long shoots) was observed within 30 days; (2) at higher BA concentrations (75–100 m), shoot/shoot bud differentiation was achieved in 45–90 days. A high BA concentration inhibited subsequent rooting of shoots. Roots, however, could be easily induced on shoots derived from <12.5 m BA. Following transfer to soil, 80% of the regenerants developed into morphologically normal and fertile plants.Abbreviations
BA
Benzyladenine 相似文献
5.
An effective protocol has been developed for plant regeneration from cotyledon explants of Swainsona salsula Taubert (Saline swainsona), a medicinal and agronomic shrub. Adventitious shoots were obtained from 83.2% of cotyledon explants
from 3-day seedlings cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 thidiazuron (TDZ), with an average of 9.3 shoots per explant. Individual elongated shoots were rooted on half strength MS
medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), with 59.3% success. Regenerated plants with well developed shoots and roots were successfully
transferred to soil, without detectable variants. Histological observation revealed that shoots developed from cotyledon explants
via organogenesis, with little callus.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
【目的】以苎麻(Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud)根及根围土壤为研究材料,进行苎麻促生菌的筛选,并初步探索其促生作用机制。【方法】首先,以溶磷和解钾为基本筛选标准,初筛菌株在实验室条件下测定多项促生能力进行复筛;然后通过种子萌发、盆栽试验测定菌株对苎麻的促生效应,最后,通过形态观察、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,对促生菌株进行分类学鉴定。【结果】从苎麻根和根围土壤中分离得到了13株菌同时具备溶磷和解钾能力,其中4株菌(RA-2、RAM-2、RAM-5和RAM-6)具备产铁载体、产IAA和产氨能力。种子萌发和盆栽试验的测定结果显示:4株菌株均能促进苎麻种子的萌发和植株的生长,其中菌株RA-2和RAM-5相比于对照处理能显著提高苎麻种子的萌发率、幼根长、株高和根系干重。分类鉴定结果显示菌株RA-2和RAM-5均属于伯克霍德菌属(Burkholderia)。【结论】从苎麻根围筛选到具有促生能力的菌株,为进一步开发研制苎麻专型促生菌剂或专型微生物有机肥提供资源。 相似文献
7.
Tran Thanh Thu Tran Thi Xuan Mai Eric Dewaele Slama Farsi Yohannes Tadesse Geert Angenon Michel Jacobs 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2003,11(2):159-168
A requirement for generating transgenic pigeonpea [Cajanuscajan (L.) Millsp] plants is the development of a highly efficientin vitro regeneration procedure. This goal was achieved byusing germinated seedlings grown on B5 medium supplemented with 10 mgl–1 6-benzylaminopurine, which induced differentiatingcallus formation in the cotyledonary node region. The calli were transferred onB5 medium with 0.2 mg l–1 6-benzylaminopurine toobtain shoot induction. Elongated shoots were then further cultured on a B5hormone-free medium for rooting. Using this regeneration system transgenicpigeonpea plants were obtained both by particle bombardment andAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. Thepresence of the transgenes in the pigeonpea genome was confirmed by GUS assays,PCR and Southern hybridisation. The transgenic rooted plants were successfullytransferred to soil in the greenhouse. GUS and PCR assays of T1 progeniesconfirmed that the transgenes were stably transmitted to the next generation.This is the first report of successful use ofAgrobacteriumas well as particle bombardment for production of transgenic pigeonpea plants. 相似文献
8.
An efficient, rapid and reproducible plant regeneration protocol was successfully developed for Cassia angustifolia using nodal explants excised from 14-day-old aseptic seedlings. Of the two cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron
(TDZ) evaluated as supplements to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, TDZ at an optimal concentration of 5.0 μM was effective
in inducing multiple shoots. The highest rate of shoot multiplication was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μM TDZ
and 1.0 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at pH 5.8. The regenerated shoots when subcultured on hormone free MS medium considerably
increased the rate of shoot multiplication and shoot length by end of fourth subculture passage. Rooting was achieved on the
isolated shoots using MS medium with 60 μM indole -3- butyric acid (IBA) and 1% activated charcoal for 1 week and subsequently
transferring the shootlets to half strength MS liquid media without IBA and activated charcoal. The in vitro raised plantlets
with well-developed shoot and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and grown in greenhouse. 相似文献
9.
R.F. Gagliardi G.P. Pacheco S.P. Coculilo J.F.M. Valls E. Mansur 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2000,9(7):943-951
In vitro regeneration of wild groundnut species from Section Extranervosae (Arachis villosulicarpa, A. macedoi, A. retusa, A. burchellii, A. pietrarellii, A. prostrata, A. aff. prostrata and a new species) was examined for the purpose of germplasm renewal and conservation. Seeds of different ages, stored at the seed bank of CENARGEN/EMBRAPA were either inoculated on culture medium or used as a source of embryo axis and cotyledon explants. Whole seeds failed to germinate on MS either without growth regulators (MS0) or supplemented with 10 M TDZ. Embryo axes cultured on MS0 produced only single plants. In the presence of 8.8 M BAP these explants showed multi-shoot formation. Cotyledons cultured on MS supplemented with 110 M BAP developed adventitious shoots through direct organogenesis. Plant regeneration was obtained from A. villosulicarpa, A. macedoi, A. retusa, A. burchellii and A. pietrarellii both from embryo axes and cotyledons. Explants from A. prostrata and A. aff. prostrata did not produce regenerants. Rooting of shoots was induced in the presence of 5.4 M NAA. Primary plants derived from these explants were further multiplied by culturing nodal segments on MS medium plus 2.7 M NAA. 相似文献
10.
A mass in vitro propagation system devoid of growth regulators for Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst., a traditional Indian medicinal plant, has been developed. Direct shoot bud regeneration was induced by culturing internode and leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with an antibiotic (trimethoprim) or a fungicide (bavistin). Bavistin showed a marked cytokinin-like activity, as evident from high number of shoot buds induced in node, internode and leaf explants. Optimum adventitious shoot buds induction occurred at 300 mg/l bavistin from internode explants. In vitro regenerated shoots were elongated and rooted before transferred to field with 85% survival. The regeneration protocol developed in this study illustrates the usefulness of additives for mass propagation and germplasm conservation of B. monniera.Authors Vaibhav Tiwari and Kavindra Nath Tiwari contributed equally to this work 相似文献
11.
Jing Qin Mao Mohsin Abbas Zaidi John Thor Arnason Illimar Altosaar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,87(2):121-125
An in vitro regeneration system was developed in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Blackeye. Among several explants studied, shoot initiation response was observed from shoot apices of 3–5-day-old seedlings. The optimal medium for maximum shoot initiation comprised MS salts, B5 vitamins, 8.88 μM N
6-benzylaminopurine, 1 gl-1 casein hydrolysate, 342 μM L-glutamine, 3% sucrose, 0.3% phytagel, adjusted to pH 5.8. A shift in pH from 5.8 to 7.0 had no effect on shoot initiation and on number of shoots per explant. The highest shoot initiation frequency (77%) was obtained using this preferred medium, reaching a maximum of eight shoots per explant. For shoot elongation, 14 μM gibberellic acid was supplemented in the shoot initiation medium. Presence of indolebutyric acid in the rooting medium had no effect on root induction. The regenerated plants were fertile and developed normally. 相似文献
12.
Regeneration of adventitious shoots from leaves and, for the first time, from internode sections were compared and optimized for five economically important sweet cherry cultivars, i.e. Schneiders, Sweetheart, Starking Hardy Giant, Kordia and Regina (Prunus avium L.). The influence of basal media, carbon source, combination and dosage of phytohormones, ethylene inhibitor such as silver thiosulfate and a 16 h:8 h light:dark photoperiod versus complete darkness were evaluated. Both, DKW/WPM (1:1) and Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal media stimulated organogenesis more than QL/WPM (1:1), Chee and Pool (CP), Murashige Skoog (MS), Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW) or woody plant (WPM) media did. An induction phase in darkness resulted in lower or zero regeneration rates. The best regeneration efficiencies were generally obtained with thidiazuron in combination with indole-3-butyric-acid. The addition of silver thiosulfate resulted in a similar or reduced regeneration efficiency. Significant genotypic variability in adventitious bud formation was evident for both explant sources, leaf and internode section. Adventitious shoots were obtained from 11% of leaf explants and 50% of internode sections indicating that shoot regeneration from internodes was significantly more efficient than from leaves. 相似文献
13.
Zhijian Li Abdoulaye Traore Siela Maximova Mark J. Guiltinan 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(4):293-299
Summary A procedure for the regeneration of cacao (Theobroma cacao) plants from staminode explants via somatic embryogenesis was developed. Rapidly growing calli were induced by culturing
staminode explants on a DKW salts-based primary callus growth (PCG) medium supplemented with 20 g glucose per L, 9 μM 2,4-D, and thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations. Calli were subcultured onto a WPM salts-based secondary callus growth
medium supplemented with 20 g glucose per L, 9 μM 2,4-D, and 1.4 nM kinetin. Somatic embryos were formed from embryogenic calli following transfer to a hormone-free DKW salts-based embryo development
medium containing sucrose. The concentration of TDZ used in PCG medium significantly affected the rate of callus growth, the
frequency of embryogenesis, and the number of somatic embryos produced from each responsive explant. A TDZ concentration of
22.7 nM was found to be the optimal concentration for effective induction of somatic embryos from various cacao genotypes. Using
this procedure, we recovered somatic embryos from all 19 tested cacao genotypes, representing three major genetic group types.
However, among these genotypes, a wide range of variation was observed in both the frequency of embryogenesis, which ranged
from 1 to 100%, and the average number of somatic embryos produced from each responsive explant, which ranged from 2 to 46.
Two types of somatic embryos were identified on the basis of their visual appearance and growth behavior. A large number of
cacao plants have been regenerated from somatic embryos and established in soil in a greenhouse. Plants showed morphological
and growth characteristics similar to those of seed-derived plants. The described procedure may allow for the practical use
of somatic embryogenesis for clonal propagation of elite cacao clones and other applications that require the production of
a large number of plants from limited source materials. 相似文献
14.
A rapid and efficient regeneration protocol was established for soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Whole cotyledonary node explants were collected from aseptic seedlings cultured on MSB5 medium containing 0.4 mg l−1 N6-benzyladenine (BA). The effects of the plant growth regulators BA, kinetin (KT), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) as well as the
explant genotype on shoot regeneration were evaluated by the orthogonal design [L16(45)]. The process of shoot development was also observed. The regenerated shoots were elongated on MSB5 medium and sufficiently elongated shoots were rooted on MSB5 medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 IBA. The results showed that all three of the plant growth regulators significantly affected shoot regeneration, with BA
exhibiting the greatest benefit. The best combination for shoot regeneration was MSB5 medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l−1 BA , 0.2 mg l−1 IBA and 0.5 mg l−1 KT on Hefeng 25 genotype. Under these most favorable conditions, one explant could regenerate 30–35 shoots. Plantlets could
be obtained within 2 months. The result of histocytological analysis indicated that protein accumulated gradually and reached
to peak at late shoot bud formation. 相似文献
15.
G.-Y. Kai L.-M. Dai X.-Y. Mei J.-G. Zheng W. Wang Y. Lu Z.-Y. Qian G.-Y. Zhou 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(3):557-560
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from leaves of Ophiorrhiza japonica Blume was established for the first time. Callus formation rate was more than 90.4 % from leaf segments on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) supplemented with either α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone or in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA). The
highest shoot regeneration (78.9 %) was achieved on MS medium containing 2.0 mg dm−3 BA and 0.2 mg dm−3 NAA, with an average of 9.4 shoots developed per leaf segment. Shoot regeneration was also improved when the leaf explants
were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 % (m/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The leaf explants from seedlings
with age of about 18–27 d showed the highest shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength basal
MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), which averagely produced 24.8 roots per shoot. The plantlets were transferred to soil, where
100 % survived after 1 month of acclimatization. 相似文献
16.
The morphogenetic potential of node, internode and leaf explants of Brahmi [Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst.] was investigated to develop reliable protocols for shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis. The explants
were excised from shoots raised from axillary buds of nodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Presence
of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin influenced the degree of callus formation, from which a large number of shoot buds
regenerated. Leaf explants gave the largest number of shoot buds followed by node and internode explants. BA was superior
to kinetin; BA at 1.5 – 2.0 mg/l appeared to be optimum for inducing the maximum number of shoot buds. MS + 0.1 mg/l BA +
0.2 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid was the most suitable for shoot elongation. Elongated shoots were rooted on full- or half-strength
MS medium with or without 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid or 0.5 – 1.0 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid. The rooted plants were successfully established in soil. Calli derived from nodal explants cultured
on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), when subcultured on MS medium containing 0.1 or 0.5
mg/l BA or 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.1 or 0.5 mg/l kinetin, developed somatic embryos. The somatic embryos germinated either on the
same media or on MS basal medium, and the resulting plantlets were successfully transplanted to soil.
Received: 25 September 1996 / Revision received: 23 October 1997 / Accepted: 12 November 1997 相似文献
17.
An efficient and reproducible procedure is described for the large-scale propagation of an epiphytic orchid,Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) B latter and McCann using foliar explants. Shoot buds were induced in basal parts of foliar explants on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn) or thidiazuron (TDZ), the latter being most effective at 1.0 mg/1. Shoots formed to a TDZ-containing medium elongated following transfer to a substrate supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/1 BA. NAA at lower concentrations had no beneficial effects on shoot regeneration, whether added to the medium along with BA, Kn or TDZ. However, it promoted shoot elongation and leaf expansion. Higher concentrations of NAA suppressed shoot regeneration. The frequency of shoot regeneration was greatly influenced by the developmental stage and orientation of the leaf. Shoots regenerated from the foliar explants were rooted successfully on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid. The plantlets were acclimated and eventually transferred to a garden.Abbreviations
BA
N6-Benzyladenine
-
IAA
Indole-3-acetic acid
-
IBA
Indole-3-butyric acid
-
Kn
Kinetin
-
MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
-
NAA
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
-
TDZ
Thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea) 相似文献
18.
19.
The direct induction of adventitious shoots from leaf explants obtained from adult plants of Zhanhua winter jujube, an elite variety of Zizyphus jujuba Mill., is reported. The percentage of leaf explants producing shoots and the average number of shoots per explant were significantly improved when 10-day-old leaves were explanted onto Woody Plant Medium and maintained initially in the dark. The plant growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ) was effective in stimulating shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Zhanhua winter jujube. The highest efficiency of shoot formation was observed with a 20-day culture in the dark on WPM containing 4.54 M TDZ and 2.85 M indoleacetic acid (IAA). The regenerated shoots were transferred to MS medium containing 0.89 M benzyladenine and 5.77 M gibberellic acid for growth. When the shoots were about 2 cm in height, they were transferred to Nitsch medium supplemented with 1.14 M IAA and 2.46 M indolebutyric acid to induce rooting. This system of adventitious shoot production from leaf explants of adult plants could be useful for the genetic engineering and polyploidization of winter jujube. 相似文献
20.
R. K. Sinha K. Majumdar S. Sinha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(5):370-373
Summary Petiolar and distal cotyledonary segments (PCS and DCS) of Albizia chinensis were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS; 1962) medium and induced to form adventitious shoot buds in the presence of either
cytokinins 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), kinetin (KN) or thidiazuron (TDZ). Superiority of BAP in inducing shoot bud and differentiation
was observed. PCS was more morphogenic to shoot bud differentiation than DCS. TDZ was highly effective in inducing shoot buds,
but arrested shoot growth, while KN produced more callus during differentiation of shoots. Rapid and high rate of shoot multiplication
per explant was achieved through subculture in MS medium containing BAP (1.0 mg l−1) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.5 mg l−1). BAP at low concentration was required to enhance shoot multiplication and elongation. Successful rooting of regenerated
shoots was carried out in a two-step culture procedure in MS media with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (2.0 mg l−1) and subsequent subculture in IBA-free medium. 相似文献