云芝全基因组SSR位点分布及比较分析

本研究采用生物信息学方法统计分析了云芝基因组中SSR位点的数量、分布及频率等信息,对云芝基因组中含SSR的基因进行了功能注释,与其他5种伞菌纲真菌(双孢蘑菇、黑管孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌、金针菇和鲜红密孔菌)基因组进行了比较。结果发现云芝基因组中共有1 224个SSR位点,相对丰度为27个/Mb,三核苷酸重复类型分布最频繁。其中编码基因序列中包含299个SSR,仅次于基因间区,但是在非编译区、基因间区和内含子中SSR分布更加频繁。通过与nr数据库比对,485个含SSR的基因获得注释,其中115个基因通过GO注释到分子功能、生物进程及细胞组分3类中,108个基因通过KEGG注释到新陈代谢、遗传信息处理、细胞过程和环境信息处理4类中。设计58对引物主要用于物种鉴定,另外23对引物主要用于活性物质代谢研究和辅助育种。与其他伞菌纲真菌相比,云芝所含SSR的数量及相对丰度较低,并证明SSR数量与基因组大小无关,而某些特定的重复类型与GC含量有关。本研究为云芝的种群遗传学及进化研究奠定了理论基础。     

酵母类金属硫蛋白抗氧化作用的研究

酿酒酵母（Saccharomycescerevisiae）YBD101菌株的类金属硫蛋白能清除羟基自由基。含类金属硫蛋白的活性的干酵母饲喂7个半月龄昆明小鼠,可提高肝中SOD活性（p＜0．01）,降低LPO含量（p＜0．01）,对脑中MAO－B活性有一定抑制作用（p＜0．01）,对肝中MAO－B活性几乎不抑制。含类Cu－MT活性干酵母对上述衰老有关三项生化指标的作用,与免肝Zn-MT纯品效果一致。提示酵母菌类Cu－MT在预防衰老和保护人体健康方面有良好的应用前景。     

云芝菌株的选育、发酵和多糖提取研究进展

云芝是一种中国传统的药用真菌,其主要活性成分为云芝多糖,已被广泛应用于食品和医药领域,其生物学功能越来越被关注。但是,目前在云芝的优良菌种选育及多糖产率上还存在问题,制约了云芝产业的发展。综述了云芝菌种选育、发酵工艺技术和多糖提取技术的研究进展,以期为云芝多糖的高产优化策略相关研究提供参考。     

云参化学成分研究Ⅱ.云参中氨基酸和微量元素的分析

本文分析测定了云参中的氨基酸和微量元素。结果表明。云参中含15种氨基酸,其中包括人体必须又只能由外界供给的7种氨基酸。同时,云参中还富含铁、硒、锌、锰等对人体具有重要营养、生理及临床意义的微量元素16种。     

鄂西自治州黄芪等药用植物中硒等微量元素的测定

我们用原子吸收分光光度法和荧光分光光度法测定了鄂西自治州近20种药用植物的含硒量,并同时测定了其中锌、铁、锰、铜等人体必须的微量元素含量,结果显示,半数植物含硒量较高,所有植物中锌、铁、锰、铜含量丰富。     

蕈中珍品——松茸

松茸,又称松口蘑、松蘑、松蕈、鸡丝菌、松了蘑,是一种价值很高的食用菌。其鲜品烹饪,美味异常,余香满口,自古就深受我国人民喜爱,有“蕈中珍宝”之称。在国际市场上,松茸也享有盛誉,日本和欧洲人尤其喜食松茸,在日本素有“海里的鲱鱼子,陆地上的松茸”之说。松茸不仅味道鲜美,而且具有很高的食疗价值。据分析,松茸除含有人体所需的多种氨基酸,维生素Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｃ、ＰＰ及钙、磷、铁等物质外,尚含有激素类、松茸聚糖、甘露醇、松茸醇、异松茸醇等活性成分。现代科学研究表明,松茸具有治疗糖尿病、抗癌等特殊功能。日本科学…     

开发和利用——野生刺梨的开发利用

刺梨为蔷薇科多年生野生灌木。在贵州、云南、四川、湖南、湖北、广西、广东等省的部分地区有分布。刺梨果实内含有丰富的营养物质,在每百克果肉中,含维生素C2000到2700毫克,含维生素P5000到6000毫克,含有胡萝卜素、硫胺素、核黄素等多种维生素。果实内还含有蛋白质0.61％,脂肪0.95％、糖4.37％、有机酸1.55％、钙0.008％、磷0.027％、铁0.0019％、粗纤维7.23％。此外,还含有人体所需的氨基酸18种。     

5种珍稀食药用真菌活性提取物对果蝇寿命影响的研究

探讨了松茸、栎金钱菌、蜂窝菌、云芝、杏鲍菇活性提取物对果蝇寿命的影响,分别用这5种食药用真菌活性提取物各以5、20g/L的剂量加入培养基中培养果蝇,观察其对果蝇寿命的影响.结果表明,松茸、栎金钱菌、蜂窝菌、云芝、杏鲍菇的活性提取物能显著延长果蝇的平均寿命和半数死亡时间,其平均寿命延长率分别达23.96%、53.22%、23.09%、32.58%、20%.这提示松茸、栎金钱菌、蜂窝菌、云芝、杏鲍菇都具有良好的延寿效果.     

油茶化学成分及对肿瘤细胞抑制活性研究进展

本文结合国内外文献综述了油茶化学成分的研究进展,并对该植物的抗肿瘤活性进行了总结。油茶所含化学成分主要为三萜及三萜皂苷类、黄酮类、脂肪酸类、甾体类、木脂素类等。三萜及三萜皂苷类成分为油茶中最主要的化学成分。油茶提取物及单体化合物Oleiferasaponin B1、B2、C1、C2、油茶皂苷B对肿瘤细胞有抑制活性,多糖和油茶皂苷A、B具有抑制移植瘤活性,其作用机制有待进一步深入研究。     

谷类明珠—薏苡

核桃是著名的干果类果品，核桃仁不仅风味独特，十分可口，而且营养丰富，每百克含蛋白质１５—２０克、脂肪６０—７０克、碳水化合物１０克左右，并含有人体必需的钙、磷、铁等多种矿质元素，以及胡萝卜素、核黄素等多种维生素。其油脂主要由对人体有益的不饱和脂肪酸——亚油酸约含６０％以上和油酸约含１５％至２５％组成。亚油酸在人体内不仅能阻止血栓的形成，而且对人体的脂类代谢有特别重要的作用。因此吃高脂肪的核桃仁，不但不会使胆固醇升高，还能减少肠道对胆固醇的吸收，对高血压、动脉硬化患者十分有益。在我国古代，…     

彩绒革盖菌在猪粪堆肥中应用的初步研究

在以猪粪为原料的静态条垛堆肥的堆体试验中添加了彩绒革盖菌,研究其对堆肥发酵的影响。研究表明彩绒革盖菌在堆肥二次发酵时期有利于堆体温度的提升和保温,说明了在进入堆肥后期彩绒革盖菌对其中剩余的木质素等成分有很好的分解能力,有利于堆肥的腐熟和养分的释放,初步表明彩绒革盖菌是一株理想的堆肥发酵菌株。     

Extracellular enzyme localization during interspecific fungal interactions

Abstract Confronted colonies of Phlebia radiata, P. rufa, Coriolus versicolor, Stereum hirsutum, Phanerochaete velutina and Hypholoma fasciculare showed spatially and temporally heterogeneous patterns of loccase-α-naphthol and peroxidase activities. These activities were coincident in axenic cultures. but were not always so during interaction. Confrontation between species resulted in induction of phenoloxidase activities, even within coenocytic colony regions of Phlebia species which were normally void of such activities in axenic culture. These events resulted in restriction of C. versicolor growth during interaction with P. rufa.     

Wide distribution of cellobiose-oxidizing enzymes in wood-rot fungus indicates a physiological importance in lignocellulosics degradation

When grown on lignocellulosic materials, cellobiose-oxidizing enzyme activities were detected in Coriolus versicolor, Flammalina velutipes, Ganoderma gibbasum, Hericium erinaceus, Neurospora crassa and Schizophyllum commune. No cellobiose-oxidizing enzyme activities were detected in 14 other cellulolytic fungi which are recognized as having no or very low lignin-degrading ability.     

Antifungal activities of essential oils and their constituents from indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum) leaves against wood decay fungi

Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh is one of the hardwood species indigenous to Taiwan that possesses significant antifungal activity. To examine the antifungal activity of leaf essential oils and dominant constituents from C. osmophloeum, the essential oils of leaves from three clones (A, B, and C) collected from Haw-Lin experimental forest were extracted and their components analyzed by gas chromatography. Results from the antifungal tests demonstrated that the essential oils of both B and C leaves had strong inhibitory effects. The antifungal indices of these two leaf oils at 100 ppm against five strains of white rot fungi and four strains of brown rot fungi were all 100%. Cinnamaldehyde, the major compound in C. osmophloeum leaf essential oils, possessed the strongest antifungal activities compared with the other components. Its antifungal indices against both Coriolus versicolor and Laetiporus sulphureus were 100%. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of cinnamaldehyde against C. versicolor and L. sulphureus was 50 and 75 ppm, respectively. In addition, comparisons of the antifungal indices of cinnamaldehyde's congeners proved that cinnamaldehyde exhibited the strongest antifungal activities.     

杂色云芝漆酶基因(Lcc1)的克隆及在甲醇毕赤酵母中的表达

以白腐菌杂色云芝Coriolus versicolor RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR获得漆酶Leel基因的cDNA片段。构建了甲醇酵母表达质粒pMETA-Lccl载体,并将其线性化后用电穿孔法导入Pichia methabolica PMAD16,部分阳性克隆的PCR结果表明Lccl基因已经整合到甲醇毕赤酵母染色体上,经摇瓶培养筛选出表达水平较高的酵母工程菌株。漆酶酶活力达53U/L     

Effect of environmental conditions on biological decolorization of textile dyestuff by C. versicolor

Effects of environmental conditions such as pH, media composition, carbon and nitrogen sources, TOC/N ratio, and dyestuff concentrations on decolorization of reactive phytalocyanin type textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G by white rot fungi, Coriolus versicolor 20) or low nitrogen concentration was essential for effective decolorization of the dyestuff. Dyestuff concentration should be lower than 500 mg/l for complete decolorization. Only partial decolorization was observed for dyestuff concentrations above 500 mg/l. Adsorption of the dyestuff on surfaces of the fungi was insignificant (<20%).     

从白腐菌中筛选漆酶高产菌株的初步研究

从中国分离的149株木腐菌中,有30株具有漆酶活性。在添加了阿魏酸的液体培养基中,漆酶产量高(每升培养液中漆酶含量在10000单位以上)的菌株有9个:游离细胞培养的彩绒革盖菌Coriolus versicolor G30,相邻小孔菌Microporus affinis G07,血红密孔菌Pycnoporus sanguineus W006,W006-2,W3008,G05和香菇Lentinus edodes G18,以及固定细胞培养的鲑贝革盖菌Coriolus consors 98563和干酪菌Tyromyces sp. 98420。彩绒革盖菌、相邻小孔菌和血红密孔菌具有重要的生物工程研究价值。     

枸杞子对云芝菌丝体生长和多糖含量的影响

本文主要研究了枸杞子水煎液的不同浓度对云芝菌丝体生长和云芝多糖积累的影响,试验结果表明,低浓度的枸杞子水煎液有明显的促进作用,高浓度的枸杞子水煎液不表现过强的抑制作用.     

Effect of aromatic monomers on production of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes by white-rot and brown-rot fungi

Abstract The effects were studied of 12 monomeric aromatic compounds on the production of six carbohydrate-degrading enzymes of two brown-rot fungi, Postia placenta and Gloeophyllum trabeum , and one white-rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor . Most compounds were inhibitory to growth of the decay fungi at concentrations of 0.05%. At lower concentrations, the phenolics often stimulated growth. Relatively high concentrations (> 0.1%) of aromatic monomers were required to inhibit xylanase of P. placenta in situ. The effects of the monomers incorporated in liquid media on enzyme production varied depending on compound and fungal species. Some compounds were quite inhibitory to production of enzyme activities at very low concentrations. For example, catechol and vanillin (50 ppm) caused 100% inhibition of xylanase and β-1,4-endoglucanase production by P. placenta . However, no aromatic monomer was strongly inhibitory to production of all enzyme activities of all fungi.     

Ligninolytic enzyme activity: A comparison of the veratryl alcohol and Azure B assay systems

Summary Ligninolytic enzyme activities in cell-free culture filtrates of Coriolus versicolor, Fusarium solani and Phanaerochaete chrysosporium were assessed using a veratryl alcohol oxidation assay system and results compared with those obtained using a relatively new assay system based on the oxidation of Azure B.