共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Anand A Nagarajan S Verma AP Joshi DK Pathak PC Bhardwaj J 《Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics》2012,49(1):63-70
The effect of magnetic field (MF) treatments of maize (Zea mays L.) var. Ganga Safed 2 seeds on the growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system under soil water stress was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The seeds were exposed to static MFs of 100 and 200 mT for 2 and 1 h, respectively. The treated seeds were sown in sand beds for seven days and transplanted in pots that were maintained at -0.03, -0.2 and -0.4 MPa soil water potentials under greenhouse conditions. MF exposure of seeds significantly enhanced all growth parameters, compared to the control seedlings. The significant increase in root parameters in seedlings from magnetically-exposed seeds resulted in maintenance of better leaf water status in terms of increase in leaf water potential, turgor potential and relative water content. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content increased in plants from treated seeds, compared to control under irrigated and mild stress condition. Leaves from plants of magnetically-treated seeds showed decreased levels of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant defense system enzymes (peroxidases, catalase and superoxide dismutase) under moisture stress conditions, when compared with untreated controls. Mild stress of -0.2 MPa induced a stimulating effect on functional root parameters, especially in 200 mT treated seedlings which can be exploited profitably for rain fed conditions. Our results suggested that MF treatment (100 mT for 2 h and 200 for 1 h) of maize seeds enhanced the seedling growth, leaf water status, photosynthesis rate and lowered the antioxidant defense system of seedlings under soil water stress. Thus, pre sowing static magnetic field treatment of seeds can be effectively used for improving growth under water stress. 相似文献
2.
3.
Seeds with efficient antioxidant defence system show higher germination under stress conditions; however, such information is limited for the halophyte seeds. We therefore studied lipid peroxidation and antioxidant responses of a leaf-succulent halophyte Salsola drummondii during seed germination under different salinity levels (0, 200 and 800 mM NaCl), temperature (10/20, 20/30 and 25/35°C) and light regimes. Seeds absorbed water and germinated in less than 1 h in non-saline control while increases in salinity decreased the rate of water uptake as well as seed germination. Non-optimal temperatures (10/20 and 25/35°C) and complete dark condition reduced seed germination in comparison to those seeds germinated under optimal temperature (20/30°C) and 12-h photoperiod, respectively. Generally, higher lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in seeds at non-optimal temperature and in those seeds germinated in dark. Decrease in reduced ascorbic acid content was found in highest salinity and temperature treatments, while reduced glutathione content did not change significantly with changes in salinity, temperature and light regimes. These results indicate variation in temperature and light but not salinity enhances antioxidant enzyme activities in germinating seeds of Salsola drummondii. 相似文献
4.
Response of the cherry rootstock to water stress induced <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
N. Sivritepe U. Erturk C. Yerlikaya I. Turkan M. Bor F. Ozdemir 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(3):573-576
The in vitro response of sweet cherry (Prunus cerasus × P. canescens) rootstock Gisela 5 to increasing water deficit in the culture medium was studied. Water stress induced by the incorporation
of 1, 2 and 4 % polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) into the Murashige and Skoog medium was applied for 6 weeks. PEG-induced water
stress reduced shoot dry mass, length, water content and relative chlorophyll content. Water stress also induced leaf necrosis
without causing loss of viability in the explants. The increase in malondialdehyde content indicated oxidative stress. The
activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase
(POX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were also significantly elevated. The concentrations of K, Ca, Fe and Mn of shoots were
decreased. 相似文献
5.
Water stress effects on photosynthesis in different mulberry cultivars 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The effect of water stress on photosynthesis was determined in five mulberry cultivars (Morus alba L. cv. K-2, MR-2, BC2-59, S-13 and TR-10). Drought was imposed by withholding water and the plants were maintained at different water potentials ranging from 0.5 -MPa to 2.0 -MPa. Photosynthetic rates, activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and sucrose phosphate synthase, photosystem II activity and chlorophyll content were used as key parameters to assess photosynthetic performance. There was a marked variation in the photosynthetic rates and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity among the five mulberry cultivars subjected to water stress. Photosystem II (PSII) and sucrose phosphate synthase activities were also severely reduced as measured by drought conditions. Of the five mulberry cultivars, S-13 and BC2-59 showed higher photosynthetic rates, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity, high sucrose phosphate synthase activity and photochemical efficiency of PSII compared to the other varieties. 相似文献
6.
To characterize the stimulatory effects of low-dose gamma radiation on early plant growth, we investigated alterations in
the photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings produced from gamma-irradiated seeds. For two cultivars (Yeomyung and Joheung), three irradiation groups (2,
4, and 8 Gy, but not 16 Gy) showed enhanced development, although Fv/Fm, the maximum photochemical efficiency of Photosystem
II (PSII), did not differ significantly among any of the four groups. In contrast, values for 1/Fo — 1/Fm, i.e., a measure
of functional PSII content, decreased in the irradiated groups of ‘Yeomyung’ but increased in those of ‘Joheung’. Pigment
analyses and enzyme activity assays revealed that irradiation altered the compositions of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls
and carotenoids) as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase). However,
these shifts were not directly related to the increase in early growth, although they were cultivar-and developmental stage-dependent
In addition, the effects of irradiation on the enzymatic activities measured here were at opposition between the two cultivars. 相似文献
7.
The Arabidopsis thaliana ascorbate-deficient vtc-1 mutant has only 30% ascorbate contents of the wild type (WT). This ascorbate-deficient mutant was used here to study the physiological roles of ascorbate under salt stress in vivo. Salt stress resulted in a more significant decrease in CO2 assimilatory capacity in the vtc-1 mutant than in the WT. Photosystem II function in the Arabidopsis vtc-1 mutant also showed an increased sensitivity to salt stress. Oxidative stress, indicated by the hydrogen peroxide content, increased more dramatically in the vtc-1 mutant than in the WT under salt stress. To clarify the reason for the increased oxidative stress in the vtc-1 mutant, the contents of small antioxidant compounds and the activities of several antioxidant enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were measured. Despite an elevated glutathione pool in the vtc-1 mutant, the ascorbate contents and the reduced form of ascorbate decreased very rapidly under salt stress. These results showed that the activities of MDAR and DHAR were lower in the vtc-1 mutant than in the WT under salt stress. Thus, low intrinsic ascorbate and an impaired ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the vtc-1 mutant under salt stress probably induced a dramatic decrease in the reduced form of ascorbate, which resulted in both enhanced ROS contents and decreased NPQ in the vtc-1 mutant. 相似文献
8.
E. Romanowska B. Wróblewska A. Drożak M. Zienkiewicz M. Siedlecka 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(1):80-86
The role of irradiance on the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was examined
in the leaves of Pisum sativum L. plants grown under low (LL) or high (HL) irradiance (PPFD 50 or 600 μmol m−2 s−1) and exposed after detachment to 5 mM Pb (NO3)2 for 24 h. The activities of both enzymes increased in response to LL compared with HL and no effect of Pb ions was observed.
Photosystem (PS) 1 and PS 2 activities were also investigated in chloroplasts isolated from these leaves. LL lowered PS 1
electron transport rate and changes in photochemical activity of PS 1 induced by Pb2+ were visible only in the chloroplasts isolated from leaves of LL grown plants. PS 2 activity was influenced similarly by
Pb ions at both PPFD. This study demonstrates that leaves of HL grown plants were less sensitive to lead toxicity than those
from LL grown plants. Changes in electron transport rates were the main factors responsible for the generation of reactive
oxygen species in the chloroplasts and as a consequence, in induction of antioxidant enzymes. 相似文献
9.
Dong‐Mei Xi Wu‐Shuang Liu Guo‐Dong Yang Chang‐Ai Wu Cheng‐Chao Zheng 《Plant biotechnology journal》2010,8(7):796-806
Enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants play important roles in the tolerance of abiotic stress. To increase the resistance of seeds to oxidative stress, At2S3 promoter from Arabidopsis was used to achieve overexpression of the antioxidants in a seed‐specific manner. This promoter was shown to be capable of driving the target gene to have a high level of expression in seed‐related organs, including siliques, mature seeds, and early seedlings, thus making its molecular farming applications in plants possible. Subsequently, genes encoding Mn‐superoxide dismutase (MSD1), catalase (CAT1), and homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT1, responsible for the first committed reaction in the tocopherol biosynthesis pathway) were overexpressed in Arabidopsis under the control of the At2S3 promoter. Double overexpressers co‐expressing two enzymes and triple overexpressers were produced by cross pollination. Mn‐SOD and total CAT activities, as well as γ‐tocopherol content, significantly increased in the corresponding overproduction lines. Moreover, single MSD1‐transgene, double, and triple overexpressers displayed remarkably enhanced oxidative stress tolerance compared to wild type during seed germination and early seedling growth. Interestingly, an increase in the total CAT activity was also observed in the single MSD1‐transgenic lines as a result of MSD1 overexpression. Together, the combined increase in Mn‐SOD and CAT activities in seeds plays an essential role in the improvement of antioxidant capacity at early developmental stage in Arabidopsis. 相似文献
10.
11.
Two genotypes ofLupinus albus L., resistant and susceptible to drought, were subjected to water deficiency for up to two weeks. Such treatment progressively lowered the leaf water content from about 85% to about 60% (water potential from –0.8 to –4.3 MPa). Light-saturation curves of the uncoupled electron transport were analyzed according to a simple kinetic model of separated or connected reversible photoreactions. It gives an extrapolated maximum rate (Vmax) and the efficiency for capturing light (Im, which is the light intensity at Vmax/2). For Photosystem 2, Vmax and, less markedly, Im, declined with increasing severity of drought treatment; the artificial donor, diphenylcarbazide, could not restore the activity. One cause of this Photosystem 2 inhibition could be the loss of active Photosystem 2 centers. Indeed, their concentration relative to chlorophyll, estimated by flash-induced reduction of dimethylquinone, was halved by a medium stress. To the extent that it was still not restored by diphenylcarbazide, the site of Photosystem 2 inactivation must have been close to the photochemical trap, after water oxidation and before or at plastoquinone pool. By relating electron transport rate to active centers instead of chlorophyll, no inhibition by drought was detected. Therefore, water stress inactivates specifically Photosystem 2, without impairing a downhill thermal step of electron transport. On the other hand, the decrease of Im suggests that antennae connected to inactive centers may transfer their excitation energy to active neighbors, which implies that antenna network remains essentially intact. Gel electrophoresis confirmed that the apoproteins of the pigment complexes were well conserved. In conclusion, the inactivation of Photosystem 2 may not be a physical loss of its centers and core antennae but probably reflects protein alterations or conformational changes. These may result from the massive decrease of lipids induced by drought (Meyer et al. 1992, Photosynth. Res. 32: 95–107). Both lupin genotypes behaved similarly but, for a same deficiency, the resistant seemed unexpectedly more sensitive to drought. 相似文献
12.
Ajay Guru Tamilvelan Manjunathan Gokul Sudhakaran Annie Juliet Pushparathinam Gopinath Jesu Arockiaraj 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(1):e202200959
Antioxidant natural products and their analogs especially phenolic compounds, exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Ginger which is widely used worldwide for various beneficial effects also contains several phenolic antioxidants, and 6-gingerol is one of the natural products studied extensively. However, the molecular mechanism of synthetically synthesized 6-gingerdione (compound 1 ) from 6-gingerol was not known. In this study, compound 1 and methylated 6-gingerdione (compound 2 ) were obtained semi synthetically from 6-gingerol. Compound 1 and 2 are subjected to SwissADME prediction. Then the protective effect of compound 1 was analyzed in 2 % EtOH induced HepG2 cells and zebrafish larvae. Hydroxyl and nitric oxide scavenging assays reveal that compound 1 showed more antioxidant activity than compound 2 at 50 μM. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity via lipoxygenase inhibition and proteinase inhibition. Apoptosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells were induced by 2 % EtOH and treated with compound 1 . Compound 1 significantly inhibited the EtOH induced nitric oxide production, apoptosis, and ROS generation in HepG2 cells. Encouraged by the in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, compound 1 was then investigated for its protective effect in 2 % EtOH induced ALD zebrafish larva. Compound 1 protected the zebrafish larvae from liver injury by suppressing inflammatory (COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and lipogenic genes (C/EBP-α, SREBP1, and IL-1β) while upregulating the antioxidant gene. Our findings indicate that compound 1 synthesized from 6-gingerol ameliorated liver injury that likely, contributes to its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. 相似文献
13.
Stanisław Weidner Magdalena Karamać Ryszard Amarowicz Ewa Szypulska Aleksandra Gołgowska 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2007,29(3):283-290
The research focused on the changes of phenolic compounds as well as their antiradical activity and reducing power isolated
from Amur grape (Vitis amurensis) seeds during germination under optimal conditions and under osmotic stress. The seeds were found to contain tannins, (+)
catechin, (−) epicatechin, and gallic acid (in free, ester- and glycoside-bound forms). Extracts from the seeds were also
shown to contain two other phenolic acids: caffeic and p-coumaric acids, in very low levels. During a 3-day seed germination test under osmotic stress (−0.5 MPa), the content of
total phenolics, tannins and phenolic acids declined as compared to the control. However, seed germination under stress conditions
led to a significant increase in the amount of catechins. Because catechin is the one of the units in condensed tannins, its
dynamic increase during seed germination may be involved in metabolism of tannins under osmotic stress. It is also likely
that the synthesis of catechins is greater under stress conditions and these compounds may be engaged in the process of acclimatization
of grapevines to stress conditions. The content of total phenolic compounds in seed extracts is positively correlated with
their antioxidant properties. The extracts from seeds germinated under optimal conditions exhibited strong antiradical properties
against the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical as well as reducing power. As regards the extracts from grape seeds
germinated under osmotic stress, this capability was much weaker. The research demonstrated that antioxidants could interfere
with the oxidation process induced by various stresses by acting as oxygen scavengers, therefore the tolerance to drought
stress might be correlated with an increase in the antioxidant potential. 相似文献
14.
S. A. Hosseini Boldaji R. A. Khavari-Nejad R. Hassan Sajedi H. Fahimi S. Saadatmand 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2012,34(3):1177-1186
To understand alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) reactions to osmotic stress, solutions with −0.5, −1 and −1.5 MPa osmotic potentials using PEG (Poly ethyleneglycol)
and distilled water as control were prepared. In a germination test, eleven alfalfa cultivar seeds were allowed to germinate
in these solutions. M. sativa cv. Yazdi and M. sativa cv. Gharayonje, selected as tolerant and sensitive cultivars, respectively, and were used for further studies. In all PEG
solutions, root and shoot dry weights decreased in both cultivars. Under different levels of osmotic stress, root to shoot
ratio increased significantly in Yazdi, whereas this parameter showed no significant differences in Gharayonje. Yazdi cultivar
also showed higher activities of SOD (Superoxide dismutase), APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), CAT (Catalase), POD (Peroxidase),
and higher reducing sugar contents of leaves in comparison with Gharayonje. These higher antioxidant activities help the tolerant
cultivar to decrease oxidative damages of osmotic stress to membrane lipids as compared with its sensitive counterpart. As
a result, electrolyte leakage and the amounts of MDA (Malondialdehyde), were higher in Gharayonje. This study highlights the
importance of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in scavenging reactive oxygen species which is caused by osmotic
stress. It is seems that antioxidant systems are more active in tolerant cultivars than those of sensitive ones. 相似文献
15.
外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对盐胁迫下菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用砂培方式,研究了外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对盐胁迫下菘蓝种子的萌发、幼苗叶片的可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及其抗氧化酶活性的影响,探讨ALA缓解菘蓝受盐胁迫伤害的响应机制。结果显示:(1)菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下受到明显的抑制,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数与自然含水量均显著降低,丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著升高。(2)盐胁迫下适宜浓度的ALA处理显著提高了种子萌发率、自然含水量及SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低了可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量,并以16.7 mg·L-1 ALA处理盐胁迫下菘蓝种子的发芽率、发芽势最大,其幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT活性最强。研究表明,盐胁迫显著抑制菘蓝种子的萌发及幼苗生长,适宜浓度的ALA能够有效缓解盐胁迫对菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长的伤害,提高植株的抗盐性,并以16.7 mg·L-1 ALA处理效果最佳。 相似文献
16.
To test the role of the seed mucilage of Plantago minuta Pall. in regulating germination under osmotic stress and cycles of hydration and dehydration, two experiments were carried out using seeds with intact mucilage and mucilage‐free seeds. In Experiment 1 seeds were immersed in a range of iso‐osmotic polyethylene glycol solutions (?1.15 to 0 MPa) for 14 days; any ungerminated seeds were transferred to deionized water to investigate the recovery germination. In Experiment 2 seeds were immersed in deionized water for 24 h, and were then incubated on filter paper for an additional 13 days to ensure complete desiccation before reimbibition to test the germination recovery percentage. Under mild osmotic stress (?0.73 to 0 MPa), the intact seeds with mucilage were shown to have higher germination rates than the mucilage‐free seeds, indicating that the mucilage led to a “fast sprouting” germination strategy under mild osmotic stress. However, when seeds were exposed to high osmotic stress (?1.15 MPa), the mucilage apparently slowed the germination rate, resulting in a “risk‐balancing” germination strategy. Extreme drought induced by polyethylene glycol solution and the desiccation pretreatment accelerated germination rates compared to non‐pretreated seeds; both germination potential and recovery percentage of the mucilage seeds were significantly higher than that of the mucilage‐free seeds. Our results revealed that the seed mucilage of P. minuta plays a crucial role in regulating seed germination rates and the germination strategies adopted by controlling seed water absorption when the seeds experience different osmotic stresses or alternating wet and dry conditions. 相似文献
17.
Feng Wen Tingting Qin Yao Wang Wen Dong Aying Zhang Mingpu Tan Mingyi Jiang 《植物学报(英文版)》2015,57(2):213-228
In this study, the role of the rice(Oryza sativa L.)histidine kinase Os HK3 in abscisic acid(ABA)-induced antioxidant defense was investigated. Treatments with ABA, H2O2,and polyethylene glycol(PEG) induced the expression of Os HK3 in rice leaves, and H2O2 is required for ABA-induced increase in the expression of Os HK3 under water stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that Os HK3 is located in the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. The transient expression analysis and the transient RNA interference test in rice protoplasts showed that Os HK3 is required for ABA-induced upregulation in the expression of antioxidant enzymes genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Further analysis showed that Os HK3 functions upstream of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Os DMI3 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase Os MPK1 to regulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling. Moreover, Os HK3was also shown to regulate the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase genes, Osrboh B and Osrboh E, and the production of H2O2 in ABA signaling. Our data indicate that Os HK3 play an important role in the regulation of ABA-induced antioxidant defense and in the feedback regulation of H2O2 production in ABA signaling. 相似文献
18.
Variation in Phenolic Content,Profile, and Antioxidant Activity of Seeds among Different Paeonia ostii Cultivated Populations in China 下载免费PDF全文
The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenolic profiles of seeds from fifteen Paeonia ostii cultivated populations in China and identify their relationship with antioxidant activities and associated environmental factors. Thirteen individual phenolic compounds were quantitatively determined by HPLC, and (+)‐catechin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the seeds. Correlation analysis showed that phenolics were the most effective antioxidant compound class by evaluating DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing antioxidant power. Latitude and annual rainfall had significant effects on the contents of many phenolic compounds, and elevation was only significantly correlated with gallic acid content. Within fifteen P. ostii cultivated populations, the seeds of Tongling population exhibited the highest phenolic contents and strongest antioxidant activities. These results suggest that Tongling population has a relatively high utilization value and a potential for sources of natural antioxidants. 相似文献
19.
Antioxidant and Proteinase Inhibitory Activities of Selected Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Genotypes 下载免费PDF全文
Erik Krošlák Tibor Maliar Peter Nemeček Jana Viskupičová Mária Maliarová Michaela Havrlentová Ján Kraic 《化学与生物多样性》2017,14(9)
Poppy seeds (Papaver somniferum L.) belong to tasty food ingredients however, they should be considered also as valuable source of biologically active compounds. Content of selected metabolites, antioxidant and proteinase inhibitory activities were analyzed in vitro in extracts from seeds of fifteen poppy genotypes. Considerable variation in all parameters was detected within the set of analyzed poppy genotypes. The genotype Major expressed the highest antioxidant activity determined by all four methodological approaches (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, RP). The genotype MS 423 exhibited the highest inhibitory activities against trypsin, thrombin and collagenase. Very specific position among all had the genotype Redy . Its grain extract reached significantly high levels in 9 out of 14 measured parameters (TPC, TFC, TTC, TAC, FRAP, RP, inhibitory activities against trypsin, thrombin, collagenase). Edible grains of poppy are valuable source of natural compounds which may be beneficial in pathological states associated with oxidative stress or increased proteinase activities. 相似文献
20.
Mingpu Tan Jun Lu Aying Zhang Bing Hu Xuewei Zhu Wenbo Li 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2011,30(3):255-271
The effects of mild water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and their isoenzymes and the
antioxidant content [ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH)] of different subcellular compartments were investigated in maize.
For each subcellular compartment, the activities of almost all isoenzymes resolved on native PAGE increased after 4–12 h of
exposure to water stress and declined after that, showing concomitant changes with the activities of their respective total
enzymes and the antioxidant content. For each subcellular compartment, at least one isoform for the detected antioxidant enzymes
was resolved, but different kinds of antioxidant isoenzymes in different subcellular compartments had different responses
to water stress. The relative contribution of Fe–SOD in chloroplasts and Mn–SOD in mitochondria was higher than that in other
subcellular compartments. However, in apoplasts the activities of Mn–SOD and Fe–SOD declined during the process of water stress,
in contrast to those located in other subcellular compartments. The results from the activities of antioxidant (iso)enzymes
demonstrated that all antioxidant enzymes in all subcellular compartments were mobilized in cooperation and responded synchronously
under mild water stress, with the same trend of changes in their activity. This indicated their orchestrated effects in scavenging
reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ. Additionally, the results suggested that mitochondria and apoplasts, responding most
actively, might be targets for improving plant performance under mild water stress. 相似文献