水稻盐胁迫应答cDNA的克隆、表达和染色体定位

从150mmol／L盐胁迫3h和没有胁迫的耐盐水稻(Oryza Sativa L.)品种特三矮2号叶片中提取mRNA,构建cDNA文库。通过示差筛选,得到3个盐胁迫应答cDNA克隆Ts1、Ts2和Ts3。Northern分析表明,3h的盐胁迫可使Ts1、Ts2和Ts3的转录水平明显上升;3～24h期间,Ts1和Ts2的转录水平继续上升,而Ts3的转录水平则下降。序列分析表明,这3个cDNA克隆与已知功能的基因没有同源性。利用特三矮2号的耐盐亲本ZYQ8和粳稻JXl7组合构建了DH群体和分子标记连锁图谱,将Ts1、Ts2和Ts3分别定位在第l、3和7染色体上。值得注意的是,Ts1、Ts3和Ts3与用同一群体定位的主效和微效耐盐QTL位于同一或相邻区域。     

水稻盐胁迫应答基因的克隆、表达及染色体定位

利用差异显示PCR(DD -PCR)技术从水稻中克隆了 2个受盐胁迫诱导和 1个受盐胁迫抑制的cDNA片段 ,分别代表了水稻S 腺苷蛋氨酸脱羧酶 (SAMDC)基因、水稻翻译延伸因子 1A蛋白 (eEF1A)基因家族中的新成员 (称为REF1A)以及一功能未知的新基因 (命名为SRG1 ) .进一步利用RT PCR技术克隆了SAMDC基因的全长cDNA序列 (称为SAMDC1 ) ,该基因序列与其他植物及酵母、人类的SAMDC基因均有一定的同源性 .Northern杂交结果显示SAMDC1和REF1A基因的转录均明显受盐胁迫诱导 ,而SRG1基因的转录在盐胁迫 6h后即受到抑制 .Southern杂交分析表明SAMDC1和SRG1基因在水稻基因组中均以单拷贝存在 ,而REF1A基因则检测到多个拷贝 .利用ZYQ8/JX1 7组合构建的DH群体和RFLP图谱将REF1A ,SAMDC1和SRG1基因分别定位在水稻第 3,第 4和第 6染色体上 .     

盐地碱蓬过氧化氢酶基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达分析

过氧化氢酶是清除H2O2的重要酶类.从400 mmol/L NaCl处理的盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa(L.)Pall)地上部分的cDNA文库中克隆了两个编码过氧化氢酶的cDNA(Sscat1和Sscat2),其中Sscat1(1.7kb)是一个全长cDNA克隆,编码一个492个氨基酸的开放阅读框架,而Sscat2(1.1kb)是一个cDNA片段.据编码Sscat1 3＇端的287个氨基酸的cDNA序列与Sscat2的cDNA序列进行的BLAST同源性分析表明,Sscat1和Sscat2在核苷酸水平的一致性为71.9%,在氨基酸水平上的一致性为75%.Southem杂交表明,Sscat1在盐地碱蓬基因组中为多拷贝基因,Sscat2则为一个单拷贝基因.Northern杂交结果表明在盐胁迫条件下Sscat1和Sscat2的表达存在差异:400 mmol/L NaCl处理48h的盐地碱蓬根中的Sscat1和Sscat2 mRNA水平比对照显著提高,但是在叶中仅Sscatl受盐诱导表达.不同盐处理时间下的表达分析也证实,在盐地碱蓬叶中仅Sscat1受盐诱导表达.这说明Sscat1和Sscat2在盐地碱蓬中是差异调控的.生理分析表明过氧化氢酶的活性在盐胁迫条件下显著提高.     

盐胁迫下盐穗木甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶基因的表达与亚细胞定位分析

为研究盐胁迫下植物甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)的作用机制,该研究利用RACE技术,从藜科盐生植物盐穗木中克隆获得1 381bp GAPDH基因(HcGAPDH)全长cDNA序列,其开放阅读框(ORF)编码314氨基酸。序列分析表明,HcGAPDH属于胞质GAPDH家族成员。实时定量PCR结果显示,HcGAPDH的转录水平受盐胁迫和ABA上调。通过荧光共聚焦显微技术,检测到绿色荧光蛋白标记的HcGAPDH在正常情况下定位于细胞质中,盐胁迫可促使其从细胞质转移至细胞核中,此过程与细胞内碳水化合物代谢的信号途径不具有相关性。研究表明,HcGAPDH通过细胞质和细胞核之间的信号传导在植物盐胁迫中发挥一定作用,为进一步揭示盐穗木耐盐分子机制奠定了一定基础。     

小麦Na+/H+反转运蛋白基因的克隆和特性

以水稻(Oryza sativa L.) Na+/H+反转运蛋白cDNA片段为探针,从小麦盐胁迫cDNA文库中筛选和克隆了2个小麦Na+/H+反转运蛋白基因,分别命名为TaNHX1 和 TaNHX2.序列分析表明TaNHX1为2 029 bp,包含一个完整的1 638 bp的ORF,编码546个氨基酸,其中含有DIFFIYLLPPI跨膜区.TaNHX2为1 693 bp,包含部分ORF及808 bp的3′-UTR.这2个基因与已知的水稻、拟南芥(Arabidopsis thialiana)和滨藜(Atriplex gmelini)中的同类基因NHX的相似性约为70%.RT-PCR分析表明小麦苗经400 mmol/L NaCl处理1 h后,TaNHX1的转录水平有所提高.     

盐地碱蓬过氧化氢酶基因的克隆及盐胁迫下的表达分析

过氧化氢酶是清除H2O2的重要酶类,从400mmol/LNaCl处理的盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa(L.)Pall)地上部分的cDNA文库中克隆了两个编码过氧化氢酶的cDNA(Sscat1和Sscat2)。其中Sscatl(1.7kb)是一个全长cDNA克隆,编码一个492个氨基酸的开放阅读框架。而Sscat2(1.1kb)是一个cDNA片段。据编码Sscatl3′端的287个氨基酸的cDNA序列与Sscat2的cDNA序列进行的BLAST同源性分析表明,Sscat1和Sscat2在核苷酸水平的一致性则为一个单拷贝基因。Northern杂交结果表明在盐胁迫条件下Sscat1和Sscat2的表达存在差异;400mmol/LNaCl处理48h的盐地碱蓬根中的Sscat1和Sscat2mRNA水平比对照显著提高,但是在叶中仅Sscat1受盐诱导表达,不同盐处理时间下的表达分析也证实。在盐地碱蓬叶中仅Sscat1受盐诱导表达。这说明Sscat1和Sscat2在盐地碱蓬中是差异调控的,生理分析表明过氧化氢酶的活性在盐胁迫条件下显著提高。     

小麦Na^＋／H^＋反转运蛋白基因的克隆和特性

以水稻 (OryzasativaL .)Na /H 反转运蛋白cDNA片段为探针 ,从小麦盐胁迫cDNA文库中筛选和克隆了 2个小麦Na /H 反转运蛋白基因 ,分别命名为TaNHX1和TaNHX2。序列分析表明TaNHX1为 2 0 2 9bp ,包含一个完整的 16 38bp的ORF ,编码 5 4 6个氨基酸 ,其中含有DIFFIYLLPPI跨膜区。TaNHX2为 16 93bp ,包含部分ORF及 80 8bp的 3′_UTR。这 2个基因与已知的水稻、拟南芥 (Arabidopsisthialiana)和滨藜 (Atriplexgmelini)中的同类基因NHX的相似性约为 70 %。RT_PCR分析表明小麦苗经 4 0 0mmol/LNaCl处理 1h后 ,TaNHX1的转录水平有所提高。     

逆境胁迫对油菜谷胱甘肽还原酶基因表达及其酶活性的影响

利用cDNA末端快速分离(RACE)技术从陇油6号油菜中克隆得到一个新的谷胱甘肽还原酶基因GR2,全长2073 bp,开放阅读框1692 bp,编码563个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量为60.7 kDa,等电点7.9.实时荧光定量PCR分析表明:GR2基因在油菜根、茎、叶中均有表达,其中在叶中表达量最高.GR1和GR2基因的转录以及谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性受到低温、高温、干旱、高盐胁迫的诱导,表明油菜谷胱甘肽还原酶在抵御低温、高温、干旱、高盐胁迫过程中发挥重要作用.脱落酸(ABA)预处理后再进行上述胁迫处理,与单独上述胁迫相比,GR1和GR2基因的转录以及GR活性水平明显上升,表明ABA可以诱导GR1和GR2基因表达和GR酶活性.MAPKK抑制剂U0126预处理后再进行上述胁迫处理,与单独上述胁迫相比,GR1和GR2基因的转录以及GR活性水平明显下降,表明U0126对GR1、GR2基因表达以及GR酶活性有抑制作用.     

NaCl胁迫对甘薯苗期生长、IAA代谢的影响及其与耐盐性的关系

随NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,甘薯苗期株高和叶面积生长受抑制 ;叶片IAA水平下降 ,而IAA氧化酶和POD活性提高 .不耐盐品种生长受抑制程度及IAA水平下降幅度均大于中耐盐品种和耐盐品种 ,叶片IAA氧化酶和POD活性上升的幅度大于中耐盐及耐盐品种 .同时浓度NaCl胁迫还引起了叶片绿原酸含量的增加 ,中耐盐品种栗子香和不耐盐品种胜利百号在 170mmol·L-1的NaCl浓度胁迫下 ,绿原酸含量上升达到最高值 ,耐盐品种徐薯 18绿原酸含量达到最高值的浓度是 2 5 5mmol·L-1,而后随NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,绿原酸含量均有下降 ,但仍高于对照 .     

小麦盐胁迫相关基因TabHLH13的克隆与分析

在对小麦全长cDNA克隆进行大规模测序及转录因子功能研究过程中,筛选到一个与盐胁迫相关的bHLH转录因子基因,将其命名为TabHLH13。TabHLH13的全长cDNA序列为1072 bp,开放阅读框为720 bp,编码一个具有240个氨基酸残基的bHLH转录因子;对TabHLH13的基因组和cDNA序列比较分析表明该基因包括5个外显子和4个内含子;同源序列分析发现,TabHLH13与来自大麦和短柄草中的bHLH蛋白序列相似性最高,分别为96.2%和90.5%;电子定位发现TabHLH13位于小麦第7同源群的7DL上;亚细胞定位结果表明,TabHLH13编码一个定位在细胞核中的蛋白;组织表达特性分析表明该基因在小麦根、茎、叶、颖壳、雌蕊和花药中均有较强的表达;半定量RT-PCR与qRT-PCR结果表明TabHLH13是一个受盐胁迫诱导表达的基因。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.