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1.
David Wilkin Frederick Graham Michael Shields Ian Craft 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1974,6(5):405-411
Induction of labour was performed on 20 patients with favourable induction features by amniotomy and administration of a fixed dose of 0.5 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) hourly. Effective uterine action resulted in a mean time to delivery of 6 hrs 57 mins in primagravid patients and 4 hrs 40 mins in multigravid subjects. In two patients an intravenous oxytocin infusion was used to assist labour. There were no significant maternal or fetal side effects. 相似文献
2.
Labour was induced or augmented in 115 patients by amniotomy followed by intravenously administered prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). The results were compared to those obtained retrospectively from a similar number of patients, matched for age, parity, induced and augmented labour, epidural anaesthesia and induction score; in whom labour had been induced by amniotomy followed by intravenous oxytocin titration. Both regimes were very effective, but there was a higher incidence of side effects in the patients receiving oxytocin. There was one maternal death associated with Prostaglandin infusion. Labour was also induced in a further group of 50 patients by amniotomy followed by oral PGF2α (free acid). 42 patients (84%) were successfully induced. Vomiting and diarrhoea occurred in 22 patients (45%). 相似文献
3.
William C. M. K. Naismith Wallace Barr J. MacVicar 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1972,4(5838):461-462
In a group of 20 matched primigravid patients labour was induced by forewater amniotomy followed by intravenous oxytocin (Syntocinon) administered in escalating doses. Ten of these patients, in a double-blind trial, also received prostaglandin E2 infused simultaneously with the oxytocin. In the combined prostaglandin-oxytocin group there was a noticeable reduction in the dosage of oxytocin required to produce effective uterine action, and the duration of labour was also reduced. No side effects were observed. 相似文献
4.
Ian Craft 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1972,2(5807):191-194
The efficacy of oral prostaglandin E2 used on a titration basis in association with amniotomy for the induction of labour was investigated in a series of 50 patients. Induction was successful in 29 out of 32 primigravid and 17 out of 18 multigravid patients. The mean induction-delivery intervals in successful cases were 10½ and 6 hours respectively. There were no significant effects on the fetuses. 相似文献
5.
《Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Medicine》1987,26(1):1-9
In a study involving 50 multiparous subjects with poor cervical scores (⪕3), induction of labour by conventional amniotomy and oxytocin was compared with preinduction cervical ripening using a single administration of prostaglandin E2 (850ug) in a new vaginal film formulation. Indications for elective delivery, maternal characteristics and distribution of cervical scores in the two groups were similar. Significant changes in mean cervical score were achieved within 12 hours of film insertion. In this group, 11 subjects (45.8%) established labour within 12 hours and a further 8(33.3%) did so before 24 hours so that only 5 cases required amniotomy and oxytocin. Instrumental delivery was less in this group and none of these subjects required Caesarean section for a failure of induction. No adverse maternal or fetal side effects were observed. Convenience, ease of administration and stability of this new prostaglandin formulation make it a useful alternative to conventional induction of labour in the multiparous patient with a poor cervical score. 相似文献
6.
Labour was induced successfully at or near term in 34 out of 35 cases by combined amniotomy and intravenous infusion of either prostaglandins F2α, E2, or E1. Of particular importance is the finding of hypertonus in 4 of the 18 cases induced with prostaglandin E2. 相似文献
7.
J.H. Kennedy M.A. Quinn P.W. Howie A.A. Calder 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1978,15(1):169-173
A viscous suspension of prostaglandin E2 was introduced endocervically to induce labor in patients with favourable induction features. The method was found to be effective and compared favourably with the conventional practices of amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin infusion or oral prostaglandin therapy. Several advantages were found including a high degree of patient acceptability. 相似文献
8.
Prostaglandins E2 and F2α were administered by mouth to induce labour in 24 patients at or past term. The drugs were administered at two-hourly intervals in doses ranging from 0·5 to 1·5 mg for prostaglandin E2 and from 5 to 15 mg for prostaglandin F2α. Of the 10 cases in which prostaglandin E2 was used, labour was successfully induced in eight and there were no side effects. With prostaglandin F2α labour was induced in 12 of 14 patients nine of whom had gastrointestinal disturbance, mostly of mild degree. With both drugs the infant was apparently unaffected and Apgar scores were satisfactory. Uterine hypertonus was not observed and the postpartum blood loss was within normal limits. 相似文献
9.
Prostaglandins E2 and F2α administered by mouth were used to induce labour in 100 patients between 35 and 44 weeks of gestation. The usual effective dose of prostaglandin E2 was 0·5 and of F2α 5 mg. These were repeated every two hours until labour was established. Induction was successful in 79 out of 80 women treated with oral prostaglandin E2 and in 16 out of 20 women treated with F2α 相似文献
10.
Methods of vaginal and extra-amniotic prostaglandin administration to achieve ripening of the cervix as a preliminary to induction of labour are described. Three groups of twenty patients with unfavourable induction features were studied, each receiving prostaglandin E2 the evening prior to planned induction. One group received PGE2 500 μg suspended in a viscous medium extra-amniotically. One group received PGE2 3 mg suspended in a viscous medium into the vaginal vault. A third group received a 3 mg PGE2 vaginal pessary to the posterior fornix. Improvement in cervical status at time of induction occurred in all groups but no single group had a significant advantage when regarding mean improvement, the induction-delivery interval or the number of patients in whom labour began before formal induction. However, with regard to relative cost, ease of preparation and storage, as well as patient and medical staff convenience, Prostaglandin E2 in pessary form is a superior form of administration. 相似文献
11.
《Prostaglandins and medicine》1979,2(4):285-291
Small intestinal fluid secretion induced by oral prostaglandin E2 in fasted rats was analyzed for various ionic components. Rat intestinal fluid had elevated calcium and potassium as well as decreased sodium and chloride concentrations relative to plasma electrolytes. Either low dose prostaglandin (0.15 mg/kg) or 1 ml of intragastric mannitol (5%) induced accumulation in the small intestine of fluid that had elevated chloride and depressed calcium and sodium concentrations compared to vehicle-treated controls. Higher doses of prostaglandin (1.0 mg/kg) led to secretions with increased sodium and chloride concentrations with respect to mannitol-induced fluid. Electrolyte concentrations in fluid induced by low dose prostaglandin appear to be similar to those in fluid caused by osmotically-induced changes. Higher doses of prostaglandin E2 induce additional electrolyte alterations which may result from modified gut transport of water and ions. 相似文献
12.
D. Gordon L. Myatt A. Gordon-Wright M.G. Elder J. Hanson 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1977,13(3):399-408
A radioimmunoassay of the 15-keto-metabolite of prostaglandin E2 has been developed. The details of the assay are described. Using unextracted plama, serial measurements of 15-keto-PGE2 have been carried out every 15 minutes for 3 hours in 9 women ingesting 0.5 mg PGE2 oral tablets used for the induction of labour. 相似文献
13.
L. Stjärne 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1973,3(1):105-109
The calcium dependence of the inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2 on sympathetic neurotransmitter secretion was studied in isolated superfused field stimulated guinea-pig vas deferens, by determination of the nerve stimulation induced rise in efflux of total tritium after preincubation of the tissue with tritium-labelled 1-noradrenaline. Reuptake of noradrenaline was blocked by desipramine and normetanephrine, added to the medium. Reduction of the calcium in the superfusion medium strongly depressed the nerve stimulation induced rise in efflux of tritium. Addition of the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug phentolamine markedly raised the efflux of tritium on nerve stimulation, even at low calcium. The inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E2 on nerve stimulation induced rise in efflux of tritium was inversely related to the calcium concentration. The results are consistent with the possibility that prostaglandin E2 depresses neural secretion by facilitating efflux of intraaxonal calcium. 相似文献
14.
Chorioamnionitis is frequently associated with preterm labour. We have used a cell culture model system to examine the effects of leukocytes upon the metabolism of endogenous arachidonic acid from within amnion cells. We have demonstrated that activated leukocytes release substances which increase the overall release and metabolism of endogenous arachidonic acid within amnion cells causing an increase in prostaglandin E2 production as well as a smaller increase in non-cyclooxygenase metabolism. When amnion cells and leukocytes are cultured together, in addition to prostaglandin E2 production by amnion cells, arachidonic acid released by the amnion cells appears to be metabolised by leucocytes to prostaglandin F2α, prostacyclin and thromboxane A2. Prostaglandins E2 and F2α are the principal cyclo-oxygenase products of this interaction.We postulate that chorioamnionitis stimulates preterm labour not only by causing an increase in prostaglandin E2 synthesis by amnion cells but by metabolism of amnion derived arachidonic acid to the powerfully oxytocic prostaglandin F2α by leukocytes. 相似文献
15.
The antihypertensive action of arachidonic acid in the spontaneous hypertensive rat and its antagonism by anti-inflammatory agents 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Changes in arterial blood pressure and heart rate were observed in the spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rat following the intravenous administration of arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The pronounced fall in blood pressure and the increase in heart rate induced by arachidonic acid were also observed in SH rats receiving either prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or PGE2. In SH rats receiving various anti-inflammatory agents the cardiovascular responses to arachidonic acid were inhibited, but the blood pressure responses to the E-type prostaglandins were not altered. The data are interpreted to suggest that cardiovascular changes induced by arachidonic acid are mediated via its conversion to PGE2. 相似文献
16.
The effects of endotoxic shock on the synthesis of PAF-acether by the stomach, duodenum and lung were examined in the rat. Furthermore, the effect of pretreatment with prostaglandin E2 on endotoxin induced PAF-acether synthesis and changes in vascular permeability were examined. Administration of endotoxin resulted in significant increases in PAF-acether synthesis in all tissues studied. Such increases were apparent within 5–15 minutes of the administration of endotoxin, corresponding to the time when significant hypotension, hemoconcentration and increases in gastrointestinal vascular permeability were first observed. Pretreatment with prostaglandin E2 resulted in a significant reduction of endotoxin-induced hypotension, hemoconcentration and changes in vascular permeability in the gastrointestinal tract. However, prostaglandin pretreatment did not significantly alter endotoxin-induced PAF-acether release from the gastrointestinal tissues studied. These results demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 can significantly attenuate several of the systemic and gastrointestinal manifestations of endotoxic shock. The mechanism responsible for these beneficial actions appears to be unrelated to effects of prostaglandin E2 on PAF-acether synthesis. 相似文献
17.
Radioactive (11-3H) prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels in plasma of non-pregnant Rhesus and Japanese monkeys were determined by radioimmunoassay. The amounts of PGE2 in plasma increased gradually and reached a peak 90 minutes after oral administration. Comparatively low levels were detected 24 hours after oral administration. Plasma PGE2 levels increased rapidly and disappeared within 5 minutes when 5 μg/kg of PGE2 was administered intravenously.Uterine contractile sensitivity to PGE2 and F2α was measured by the threshold of a venous dosage required to evoke an elevation of uterine contractility in non-pregnant and pre- and post-labor Japanese monkeys. Uterine sensitivity to PGE2 in the non-pregnant monkey appear to vary in accordance with the sexual life span. At term of pregnancy, PGE2 was much more potent in causing uterine contraction than PGF2α. During labor and at postpartum period with lactation, effectiveness of PGE2 appear to be less than that of PGF2α. The non-pregnant and pregnant uterus of the third trimester are more sensitive to PGE2 than the laboring and postpartum uterus.The long latency of the elevation of uterine contractility induced by the intravenous administration of PG suggests that the PG compounds have potent actions on the central nervous system. 相似文献
18.
I. L. Craft A. R. Cullum D. T. L. May A. D. Noble D. J. Thomas 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1971,3(5769):276-279
A comparison has been made between the effectiveness of infusing prostaglandin E2 with Syntocinon for the induction of labour in the presence of intact membranes. Rapid titration schedules were used to induce an early uterine response. All 15 subjects receiving prostaglandin E2 achieved cervical dilatation, whereas this occurred in only 9 out of 15 patients receiving Syntocinon. 相似文献
19.
Anshumali Chaudhari Michael A. Kirschenbaum 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1983,26(5):689-699
We have previously demonstrated that decreased cortical prostaglandin metabolism can contribute significantly to an increase in renal tissue levels and activity of prostaglandin E2 in bilateral ureteral obstruction, a model of acute renal failure. In the present study, we have further investigated whether alterations in prostaglandin metabolism can occur in a nephrotoxic model of acute renal failure. Prostaglandin synthesis, prostaglandin E2 metabolism (measured as both prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase and prostaglandin E2-15-hydroxydehydrogenase activity), and tissue concentration of prostaglandin E2 were determined in rabbit kidneys following an intravenous administration of uranyl nitrate (5 mg/kg). No changes in the rates of cortical microsomal prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α synthesis were noted at the end of 1 and 3 days, while medullary synthesis of prostaglandin E2 fell by 47% after 1 day and 43% after 3 days. Cortical cytosolic prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase activity was found to be decreased by 36% and 76% after 1 and 3 days respectively. No significant changes were noted in cortical cytosolic prostaglandin E2-15-hydroxydehydrogenase activity after 3 days. Cortical tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 increased by 500% at the end of 3 days. These data demonstrate that in nephrotoxic acute renal failure, decreased prostaglandin metabolism (i.e., prostaglandin E2-9-ketoreductase activity) can result in increased tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 in the absence of increased prostaglandin synthesis and suggest that alterations in prostaglandin metabolism may be an important regulator of prostaglandin activity in acute renal failure. 相似文献
20.
《Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Medicine》1986,21(1):61-68
Experience with a new sustained release PGE2 formulation is presented. 111 high risk primiparae with very poor cervical scores (<3) were studied. In 59 patients, labour was induced by forewater amniotomy and I.V. oxytocin. In the remaining 52 patients, film containing 850 ug of PGE2 was inserted into the vagina to ripen the cervix 24 hours prior to induction of labour. Indications for elective delivery and maternal characteristics were similar in both groups. There were significant changes in the cervical state within 12 hours of vaginal insertion. By 24 hours, 19 patients receiving vaginal film (36.5%) had established labour of whom 13 proceeded to vaginal delivery. Significantly fewer patients in the priming group required Caesarean delivery. No untoward maternal or fetal side effects were observed.Safety, ease of administration and efficacy make this new PGE2 formulation a useful agent for priming of the very poor primiparous cervix prior to induction of high risk labour. 相似文献