Additions to the Lecane fauna (Rotifera: Monogononta) of Thailand

Lecane superaculeata. n. sp. is described from three localities in Thailand. It resembles the small, cosmopolitan L. aculeata (Jakubski, 1912) but is distinguished by its larger size and conspicuous anterolateral spines. Additional records of some recently described Thai Lecane species and comments on Oriental endemics are presented L. eswari Dhanapathi is newly recorded for the country.     

Rotifera from north and northeast Anatolia (Turkey)

Samples from 21 freshwater sites in Turkey yielded 91 different species of Rotifera, 42 of which are new to the Turkish fauna. Lepadella costatoides n. sp. is described and L. costata Wulfert is redescribed. L. christineae Koste is synonymised with L. quinquecostata (Lucks). Remarks on the intraspecific variability of some species of Lecane are given. L. pomiformis Edmondson is added to the synonymy of L. pyriformis (Daday). The synonymy of the latter with L. paraclosterocerca Pennak is confirmed.     

The rotifer fauna of Lake Kud-Thing,a shallow lake in Nong Khai Province,northeast Thailand

The species composition of the rotifer fauna of Lake Kud-Thing, Nong Khai Province, northeast Thailand was investigated in a monthly sampling program from January to December 1998. A remarkably rich rotifer community consisting of 183 taxa was recorded, including 32 new records to the Thai fauna. The most diverse genera were Lecane (23.5%), followed by Trichocerca (16.9%) and Lepadella (11.5%). Lecane isanensis n. sp. is described and figured. Thirteen species (Aspelta circinator, Collotheca tenuilobata, Lecane nelsoni, Lepadella benjamini, Lepadella eurysterna, Sinantherina ariprepes, Testudinella cf. insinuata, Trichocerca abilioi, Trichocerca inermis, Trichocerca montana, Trichocerca orca, Trichocerca rosea and Trichocerca simonei) are new to the Oriental region. Notably, the record of Trichocerca orca is the first since its discovery in New Zealand in 1913. The rotifers can be classified into three groups based on duration of appearance; (1) common, perennial; (2) uncommon, perennial; and (3) uncommon, sporadic species. The high species richness of rotifers, particularly members of the genera Lecane and Trichocerca, but low diversity of Brachionus together suggest that the lake is probably not eutrophicated.     

Biodiversity of freshwater microfauna in the floodplain of the River Mun, Northeast Thailand: the Rotifera monogononta

We report on the γ- diversity of Rotifera in freshwater habitats of the River Mun floodplain, Northeast Thailand. Qualitative samples were collected during the pre-monsoon (April) and post-monsoon (October) periods of 2000, from 70 habitats spanning a diverse array of freshwater habitat types. Of the 184 species identified, most belong to Lecane (31.0%), followed by Trichocerca (12.0%), Lepadella (11.4%) and Brachionus (8.2%). Oriental, Australasian, and Eastern hemisphere taxa account for 4.3%, 3.3% and 7.1%, respectively, of the total rotifer fauna, and 8.8%, 1.7% and 10.5%, respectively, of Lecane. Although comparison between studies is difficult, these numbers conform to previous reports on the diversity and composition of the rotifer fauna of Thai freshwater habitats, and of tropical floodplain ecosystems. Diversity is lowest during the post-monsoon period, which may result from disturbance by monsoon conditions. Two morphospecies, Brachionus srisumonaen. sp., and Lecane niwati n. sp., are described as new to science. Additional noteworthy occurrences are, Lecane robertsonae Segers, previously considered a Neotropical endemic, and L. subtilis Harring & Myers, a tropicopolitan species new to Thailand and the Oriental region.     

Ecology of rotifers of Surinsar,a subtropical,fresh water lake in Jamme (J & K), India

17 species of rotifers have been recorded from Lake Surinsar, Jammu (J & K), India of which some are either exclusively limnetic (Brachionus angularis, Hexarthra sp., Filinia opliensis), or littoral (Brachionus patulus, M. ventralis, Trichotoria sp., Platyias quadricornis, Lecane (Monostyla) decipiens, L (M), bulla and Lecane sp.) and others (Keratella tropica, Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus quadridentatus, B. calyciflorus, Trichocera sp., T. similis, and Polyarthra sp.) seem to be wandering species. Seasonal maxima for both littoral and limnetic zones are reported. Most population maxima are contributed mainly by one or at best two species.Physico-chemical factors like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, calcium, magnesium, and total alkalinity have been studied and their infuence on these rotifer species are discussed. On their thermal responses, the available rotifer species have been classified as warm stenothermal, cold stenothermal or eurythermal. The importance of Mytilina ventralis as a biological indicator for dissolved oxygen in this lake has been pointed out.     

Rotifera of some lakes in the floodplain of the River Niger (Imo State,Nigeria)

The Rotifera of thirteen freshwater habitats in the upper floodplain of the River Niger were studied. Thirteen new species are described, viz. Lepadella berzinsi n. sp., L. discoidea n. sp., Squatinella lunata n. sp., Dipleuchlanis ornata n. sp., Euchlanis semicarinata n. sp., Itura deridderae n. sp., L. dumonti n. sp., L. nigeriensis n. sp., L. nwadiaroi n. sp., L. simonneae n. sp., L. stichoclysta n. sp., L. sylviae n. sp. and Trichocerca kostei n. sp., L. climacois Harring & Myers is reestablished as a valid species. The synonymy of Hemimonostyla Bartos and Monostyla Ehrenberg with Lecane Nitzsch is commented upon. The names Lecane myersi nom. nov. and L. robertsonae nom. nov. are proposed to replace L. ornata (Harring & Myers) non (Daday) and L. amazonica Koste & Robertson non (Murray) (new status), respectively. Lecane amazonica (Murray) and L. latissima Yamamoto replace L. murrayi Hauer non Korde and L. rotundata (Olofsson) non (Jakubski), respectively. The following new synonymies are proposed: Lepadella williamsi Koste & Shiel with L. vandenbrandei Gillard; Lecane longidactyla (Edmondson) comb. nov. (ex. Proales) with L. clara (Bryce); Lecane longidactyla Arora non (Edmondson) with L. curvicornis (Murray); L. truncata Yamamoto non (Leissling) nec (Turner) with L. brachydactyla (Stenroos); L. amazoniana Koste & Robertson with L. eutarsa Harring & Myers.     

New Species of Lankesteria (Apicomplexa,Eugregarinida) from Ascidians on the Central California Coast1

The following species of the gregarine genus Lankesteria were found in a study of ascidians from Monterey Bay, on the central California coast of the Pacific Ocean: L. abbotti n. sp. in Clavelina huntsmani, L. aplidii n. sp. in Aplidium solidum, L. ascidiae in Ciona intestinalis, L. diaphanis n. sp. in Archidistoma diaphanes, L. euherdmaniae n. sp. in Euherdmania claviformis, L. montereyensis n. sp. in Archidistoma molle, L. pescaderoensis n. sp. in Ritterella rubra, L. pittendrighi n. sp. in Ascidia ceratodes, L. psammii n. sp. in Archidistoma psammion, L. ritterellae n. sp. in Ritterella pulchra, L. ritterii n. sp. in Archidistoma ritteri, L. synoici n. sp. in Synoicum parfustis, and Lankesteria sp. in Botrylloides sp. No gregarines were seen in the following ascidians: Aplidium californicum, A. propinquum, Botryllus tuberatus, Diplosoma macdonaldi, Perophora annectens, and Polyclinum planum.     

The thermal springs of Bakreswar,India physico-chemical conditions,Flora and Fauna.

The physico-chemical characteristics as well as floristic and faunistic life of the seven thermal springs and one cold spring of Bakreswar, West Bengal form the basis of this paper. A compendium pertaining to the origin, geology and morphometry of these springs has been incorporated in brief.The temperature of the thermal springs remained almost constant over the past two decades and the location of the fissures of the springs is unchanged. On the basis of temperature these thermal springs are grouped into acrothermal and euthermal. The water of all the springs was alkaline with a pH between 7.4 and 9.2 No carbon dioxide was detected during the period of study. Absence of nitrite and traces of nitrate are characteristic features of these springs.The variation of colour of the water may be related to the presence of algal mats at the bottom of the springs. The quantity of plankton was maximal and minimal in thermal springs having highest and lowest temperature respectively. Oscillatoria sp., Navicula sp., Cyclotella sp. and Tetraëdron sp. were noted at temperatures between 26° C and 51° C. It is a new record from India that diatoms like Navicula sp. and Cyclotella sp. can survive in the temperature range of 43–51° C. The thermophilic nematode, Tobrilus sp., Cyclops sp., Nauplius larvae, and Lecane sp. were recorded from Swetganga with a maximum temperature of 44° C. The mechanism of thermophily of the organisms is discussed in brief.     

A new Lecanid rotifer from India

During the course of an extensive survey of the ecology and systematics of the rotifers from Andhra Pradesh, India, a new species of the genus Lecane has been encountered and described as Lecane eswari sp. nov. It has been found that this species occurs in the winter season and is totally absent in the summer months.     

Morphology and Phylogeny of Three New Loxophyllum Species (Ciliophora,Pleurostomatida) from Mangrove Wetlands of Southern China

Three new pleurostomatid ciliates, Loxophyllum meridionale sp. n., L. salinum sp. n., and L. planum sp. n., isolated from brackish waters of mangrove wetlands in southern China, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. The main characteristic feature of L. meridionale sp. n. is the presence of three contractile vacuoles (CVs) along its dorsal margin. Loxophyllum salinum sp. n. can be identified by the presence of three closely spaced CVs along the ventral margin and 12–15 right and four to six left kineties. Loxophyllum planum sp. n. is characterized by the combination of two macronuclei, a single, subterminal CV, and the absence of cortical granules. Phylogenetic trees based on the small subunit rDNA sequence data recovered Loxophyllum as a monophyletic group within the pleurostomatids. Loxophyllum meridionale sp. n., L. salinum sp. n., and L. planum sp. n. were all nested within the Loxophyllum clade. Based on its ciliary pattern and general morphological features, Loxophyllum asetosum is transferred to the genus Amphileptus and a new combination is suggested: Amphileptus asetosus (Burkovsky 1970) comb. n. [basionym L. asetosum Burkovsky 1970].     

Some new and rare warmwater rotifers

Two new rotifer species, Lecane (Monostyla) aliger n.sp. and Proales pugio n.sp. are described from the Bahama Islands, Florida and California, and their autecology outlined. Some other rare rotifers are discussed which also prefer subtropical conditions. They are: Epiphanes clavulata, Epiphanes brachionus spinosus, Lecane crepida and Proalides tentaculatus tentaculatus. The existence of subtropical rotifer associations is discussed and supported by ecological data.     

Gregarines of the Genus Lecudina (Protozoa,Apicomplexa) from Pacific Ocean Polychaetes*

The gregarine Lecudina longissima Hoshide, 1944 is described from the intestine of the marine polychaete Lumbrineris zonata (Johnson, 1901) from Santa Catalina Island, Calif. L. catalinensis n. sp. is described from the intestine of L. inflata Moore, 1911 from the same island. L. pherusae sp. n. and L. zimmeri sp. n. are described from the intestine of the marine polychaete Pherusa capulata (Moore, 1909) off Santa Catalina Island.     

Lepidapedon spp. (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from deep-sea gadiform fishes of the NW Atlantic Ocean,including four new species

Five species are described from fishes in deep waters of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean: Lepidapedon gaevskayae n. sp. from Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus; L. merretti n. sp. from Phycis chesteri; L. zubchenkoi n. sp. from Coryphaenoides (Chalinura) leptolepis; L. beveridgei n. sp. from C. (N.) armatus; and Lepidapedon sp. innom. from Antimora rostrata. The genus Lepidapedon is discussed and divided into groups of species distinguished by the vitelline distribution and the extent of excretory vesicle. The new species are placed in their appropriate groups and differentiated from the other species in the group.     

A taxonomic revision of Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus) (Yorke & Maplestone, 1926) and Labiostrongylus (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. (Nematoda: Cloacinidae) from macropodid and potoroid marsupials

The morphological characters used to differentiate species in the genus Labiostrongylus Yorke & Maplestone, 1926, parasitic in macropodid and potoroid marsupials, are discussed. The genus is divided into three subgenera Labiostrongylus (Labiostrongylus), L. (Labiomultiplex) n. subg. and L. (Labiosimplex) n. subg. on the basis of the presence or absence of interlabia and the morphology of the oesophagus. A key to the subgenera is given and a detailed revision of two of the subgenera is presented. Keys to each of the subgenera are given, the species discussed being: L. (L.) labiostrongylus) (type-species) (syn. L. (L.) insularis, L. (L.) grandis, L. (L.) macropodis sp. inq. and L. (L.) nabarlekensis n. sp., in the subgenus Labiostrongylus, and L. (Lm.) eugenii, L. (Lm.) novaeguineae, L. (Lm.) onychogale, L. (Lm.) uncinatus, L. (Lm.) billardierii n. sp., L. (Lm.) constrictis n. sp., L. (Lm.) kimberleyensis n. sp., L. (Lm.) thylogale n. sp., and L. (Lm.) potoroi, n. sp., in the subgenus Labiomultiplex.     

Five New Species of Lagenophrys (Ciliophora,Peritricha, Lagenophryidae) from the United States with Observations on Their Developmental Stages1

Five species of the loricate genus Lagenophrys were found on freshwater hosts and are described for the first time. Lagenophrys dennisi n. sp., L. incompta n. sp., and L. oregonensis n. sp. are ectosymbionts of astacid crayfish. Lagenophrys foxi n. sp and L. missouriensis n. sp. are ectosymbionts of gammarid amphipods. All five species appear to occur only m North America. Protargol preparations of the five species reveal that the peristomial myoneme is much broader and more extensive in telotrochs and metamorphosing individuals than in adults. Darkly staining bands appearing to be somatic myonemes were also seen underneath the surface of the body and in the center of the body of telotrochs and metamorphosing individuals. The telotroch of Lagenophrys is so different from the adult that it constitutes a true larval form rather than a simple dispersal stage. Structural parallels between the telotroch of Lagenophrys and mobiline peritrichs suggest the hypothesis that mobilines evolved from the telotroch of a sessiline pentrich which had first evolved into a true larval form.     

Seven new species and two new subspecies of Sclerocypris SARS, 1924 from Africa,with new records of some other Megalocypridinids (Crustacea,Ostracoda)

Sclerocypris dayae n.sp., S. dedeckkeri n.sp., S. dumonti n.sp., S. zelaznyi n.sp. and S. zelaznyi etoshensis n.ssp. are described from South — West Africa (Namibia). S. exserta makarikarensis n.ssp. originates from the endorheic pan system Makarikari in Botswana. S. woutersi n.sp. was described from Lake Albert where it is quite common. S. virungensis n.sp. is known from the Virunga National Park, south of Lake Edward (Zaire). The latter two species are closely related and from part of the flabella-species group. S. longisetosa n.sp., described from a marsh near Kisumu (Kenya), is an enigmatic species, holding an isolated position in the genus due to an aberrant T1.Present address: Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Laboratorium voor ecologie der dieren, zoögeografte en natuurbehoud (Institute for Ecology), K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B9000 Gent, Belgium.     

A re-assessment of the relative importance of ciliates,rhizopods and rotatorians in the ecology of activated sludge

Summary The faunas of two activated sludge plants were surveyed for 12 month periods. Over 60 species were distinguished including annelids, nematododes, rotatorians, and flagellate, rhizopod and ciliate protozoa. The relative qualitative values of the predominant species were found to differ in terms of requency of occurence, average numbers, and mean biomass. Animals predominant in biomass include rotatorians - Lecane sp. ; peritrich ciliates - Vorticella spp. and Epistylis spp. ; and rhizopods - Flabellula sp., Cochhopodium sp. and Arcella sp. The rhizopods appear to be of equal ecological importance as the ciliates, and the rotatorians are also of some significance.

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Resumé On a observé pendant douze mois les faunes des deux installations de tartre active. On a distingué plus de soixante espèces comprenant: annelides, nematodes, rotatoriens et protozoaires flagelles, rhizopodes et ciliés. La relative valeur qualitative des espèces predominantes differaient en terme de fréquence occurentelle, de nombre moyenne, et de biomasse courante. Les animaux prédominants en biomasse comprennent rotatoriens - Lecane Sp., peritriches - Vorticella Spp., et Epistylis Spp., et rhizopodes - Flabellula Sp., Cochhopodium Sp., et Arcella Sp. Les rhizopodes semblent être de même importance écologique que les ciliés, et les rotatoriens sont aussi de quelque importance.

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Chelsea College of Science and Technology, University of London

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Present Address: Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan     

Two new species of Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 from Timor-Leste (Stylommatophora,Camaenidae)

ABSTRACT

By employing comparative morphology and anatomy as well as mitochondrial phylogenetics, we have identified three species of Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 in Timor-Leste. One of these species is identified as L. cf winteriana (Pfeiffer, 1842), a species originally described from Java, but considered widespread throughout the Indonesian archipelago. The two other species are newly described as L. timorensis n. sp. and L. montana n. sp., respectively. Landouria timorensis n. sp. is similar to L. winteriana, but differs by a smaller shell and details of its penial morphology. Landouria montana n. sp. is only found at higher altitudes and is readily distinguishable by its distinctive shell. A mitochondrial phylogeny reveals L. omphalostoma from Yunnan as the sister lineage of all Sunda Islands species. Based on this observation, we maintain the systematic placement of the Sunda Islands species in Landouria despite some minor differences in their genital anatomy. Furthermore, our phylogeny demonstrates that the East Asian genus Aegista Albers, 1850 is the probable sister taxon of Landouria. However, we reject the proposal by Hirano et al. ([2014] Substantial incongruence among the morphology, taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny of the land snails Aegista, Landouria, Trishoplita, and Pseudobuliminus (Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) occurring in East Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70, 171–181) to synonymise both genera based on their markedly distinct reproductive anatomy.     

New species and new data on Protrinemuridae and Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma) from Eastern Asia and Pacific islands

Four new genera and eleven new species of Zygentoma thysanurans (families Protrinemuridae and Nicoletiidae) are described and some faunistic novelties reported from Oriental and Australian Regions, viz.: Protrinemura leclerci n. sp., from northern Thailand, Protrinemurella allacrotelsoides n. gen. n. sp., from southern Thailand, and Protrinemuroides celebensis n. gen. n. sp., from the Celebes islands (Protrinemuridae), Lepidospora (L.) digitata n. sp., from northern Thailand, L. (L.) deharvengi n. sp., from the Celebes, and Pseudobrinckina anempodiata n. gen. n. sp., from northern Thailand (Nicoletiidae: Coletiniinae), Gastrotheus (G.) papuanus n. sp., from Papua-New Guinea (Nicoletiidae: Atelurinae), and Metrinura celebensis n. sp., from the Celebes, Trinemurodes anomalocoxa n. sp., from southern Thailand, T. bedosae n. sp., from northern Thailand, and Allotrinemurodes thai n.gen. n. sp., from northern Thailand (Nicoletiidae: Subnicoletiinae). Bharatatelura malabarica Mendes is reported for the first time off the Indian sub-continent (in Suva). Proatelura jacobsoni Silvestri is recorded in Macao (southern China) and in the Moluccas islands and notes are presented on its male sex. Gastrotheus (Lasiotheus) nanus (Escherich) is found for the very first time in Macao, in Cook islands and in Niue. Identification keys are provided to Protrinemuridae genera and to species of Trinemurodes, and modifications are suggested to previously presented keys to Nicoletiidae genera and to Lepidospora and Metrinura species.