大乳头水螅基盘再生进程中过氧化物酶的表达

目的观察大乳头水螅(Hydra magnipapillata)基盘再生进程中基盘过氧化物酶的表达情况,探讨水螅基盘过氧化物酶的生理作用。方法通过ABTS细胞化学染色法显示水螅基盘过氧化物酶的表达。结果水螅基盘再生20h后其基盘过氧化物酶开始出现少量表达,其后过氧化物酶表达量逐渐增加;基盘再生52h后该酶表达量趋于稳定。过氧化物酶仅在基盘周边区域外胚层中表达,而在基盘中央区域(反口孔)外胚层中无表达。结论水螅基盘再生进程中过氧化物酶的表达量逐渐增加直接反映了基盘再生时细胞分化过程,基盘表达的过氧化物酶可能在维持基盘结构的稳定上起一定的作用。     

FLAGELLAR DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION IN VOLVOX CARTERI (CHLOROPHYTA)1

The biflagellate somatic cells of Volvox carteri f. nagariensis lyengar exhibit an asymmetric pattern of flagellar development. Initiallt each somatic cell has two short (4 μm) flagella but after several hours one flagellum on each cell elongates unitl it reaches a length of 12 μm. Due to the regular arrangement of somatic cells in the Volvox spheroid it is apparent that the same flagellum on each somatic is the first to elongale. The asymmetric flagellar length is maintained for about 8 h after which the second flagellum on each somatic cell elongates. When the second flagellum attains the same length (12 μm) as the first flagellum, both flagella elongale at the same rate until reaching a final length of 22 μm. Experimental removal of somatic cell flagella results in their regeneration. Somatis cells regenerate both flagella simultaneously and full length flagella are produced in about 2 h. The intial rate of flagellar regeneration is about ten times faster than the intial rate of flagllar growth in development. Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, has no effect on the initial rate of flagellar regeneration but the flagella produced in the presence of the drug are half the length of flagella produced in its absence. Somatic cells are able to regenerate flagella up to the time of α and β tubulin, the major structural proteins of the flagellar axoneme, and other cellular proteins.     

LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN HYDRA CARNEA

In the freshwater hydrozoan Hydra carnea, the egg, matured and grown between the mesoglea and the epitheliomuscular cells of the ectoderm, is extruded after the emission of the second polar body. Surrounded by a clear jelly layer the egg remains attached to the polyp. Sperm which are released from the testicular sacs of male polyps are attracted by the egg. The jelly layer is penetrated only at the site of emission of the polar bodies by sperm which lack a structurally distinct acrosome. One sperm fuses with the egg at that site where the female pronucleus is found to lie close to the egg membrane. After fertilization and cleavage an acellular embryotheca is secreted by the blastomeres. These events were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy.     

克鲁维酵母高渗培养与原生质体制备与再生

研究了高渗预培养条件对克鲁维酵母Ｙ０３４原生质体形成与再生的影响。结果表明,同等条件下,经高渗预培养的原生质体再生率为常规培养的１．７倍,为改造菌株遗传特性而制备高活性原生质体探索了新的途径。     

SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF CELL CYCLE STAGES IN THE ALLIUM ROOT MERISTEM BY COLCHICINE AND GROWTH REGULATORS

The treatment of root tips of Allium carinatum, Allium cepa, and Allium flavum with colchicine, abscisic acid, kinetin, and indole-3-acetic acid, applied in appropriate concentrations, combinations, and durations, makes possible the selective blockade of the cell cycle in G₁, G₂, any mitotic stage, and between karyokinesis and cytokinesis. Moreover, treatment with abscisic acid followed by a recovery period stimulates polyploid nuclei in mature tissues to divide. Colchicine, kinetin, and indole-3-acetic acid applied together cause end-to-end association of metaphase chromosomes. These results together with earlier findings suggest that any step of the cell cycle is independently controlled both by specific balance of the growth regulators and by specific synthesis of the nucleic acids.     

在大肠杆菌中反义RNA抑制乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原的表达

将乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)基因的DNA序列分别按正、反方向置tac启动子的控制下,并克隆进入同一个质粒中,转化大肠杆菌JM103后,观察到HBcAg和HBeAg的合成均明显低于仅含有HBcAg基因的细菌,最大抑制率可达70％～80％,分子杂交可见反义RNA存在。     

CELL KILLING BY ACTINOMYCIN D IN RELATION TO THE GROWTH CYCLE OF CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS

Using Chinese hamster cells in culture, we have measured the effectiveness of actinomycin D to suppress division as a function of the position, or age, of a cell in its growth cycle. Cells were first exposed to millimolar concentrations of hydroxyurea in order to produce a synchronized population just before the onset of DNA synthesis. Thereafter, the survival response after 30 min exposures to actinomycin D was measured. Cells become resistant as they enter the S phase and then sensitive again in the latter part of S. When they reach G₂ (or G₂-mitosis) they are maximally resistant; at 1.0 µg/ml, for example, the survival in G₂ is 30-fold greater than it is in G₁. These results, plus measurements reported earlier on the interaction of damage in S cells due to actinomycin D and X-irradiation, suggest that the age-response pattern of the toxic effects of this drug probably reflects both the functional capacity of DNA-actinomycin complexes and the ability of this antibiotic to penetrate chromatin and bind to DNA.     

芦笋皮层组织培养植株再生

报道了芦笋皮层组织培养再生植株的方法。表明：皮层在ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４—Ｄ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ６—ＢＡ培养基上形成无色或淡绿色疏松型愈伤组织,而ＭＳ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ６—ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ培养基则对芽的分化有利;试管苗的生很壮苗以无激素的ＭＳ为最佳培养基。此外,本试验还研究了不同碳源、不同激素组合对芦笋皮层离体培养再生植株的影响。     

芥蓝下胚轴离体培养及高频率植株的再生

三个芥蓝品种下胚轴离体植株再生的条件的研究结果表明：下胚轴切口处可直接诱导出芽,诱导“早花尖叶芥蓝”、“中花尖叶芥蓝”和“迟花尖叶芥蓝”直接出芽的最佳激素组合分别为2．0mgL-1BA,0．3mgL-1NAA＋2．0mgL-1BA,0．5mgL-1NAA＋2．0mgL-1BA,其相应的芽发生频率分别为84．6％,86．7％,93．3％。诱导芽发生的最适蔗糖浓度是1％。培养基中加入4．0mgL-1AgNO3和500mgL-1MES可显著提高芽再生频率。再生芽在MS附加0．1mgL-1NAA的培养基上诱导生根形成完整植株。离体再生苗与种子萌发实生苗田间生长外形差别不大,但长势稍慢。     

大鼠坐骨神经再生过程的条件损伤效应

在大鼠腓神经伸趾长肌标本上,用微电极记录小终板电位(MEPP)和静息膜电位(RMP),观察腓神经损伤后的再生过程和条件损伤效应。结果表明:损伤后1～10d突触前递质自发释放完全消失,RMP幅度变小。到14d才出现频率慢波幅变宽的MEPP,30d仍未恢复正常,其频率和时程分别为正常的60％和169％。而RMP幅度仅为正常的84％。条件损伤组在损伤后30d MEPP的频率、时程和RMP幅度分别为正常时的78％、120％和97％,均比损伤对照组恢复快。说明条件损伤在运动神经的再生过程中可促进自发MEPP的出现和RMP的恢复。     

重组人肝再生增强因子在体外能刺激HTC肝癌细胞DNA合成

在成功克隆人肝再生增强因子（ｈＡＬＲ）ｃＤＮＡ的基础上,本研究将人ＡＬＲ编码区ｃＤＮＡ亚克隆于真核瞬间表达质粒ｐＣＤＮＡ Ｉ,构建了真核表达质粒ｐＣＤＮＡ Ｉ－ｈＡＬＲ,转染ｃｏｓ－７细胞后,表达产物生物活性检测表明：真核表达的ｈＡＬＲ在体外能刺激ＨＴＣ肝癌细胞增殖,这一体外活性的确定为重组人ＡＬＲ的纯化提供了简洁、可靠的检测方法。     

维生素A酸在东方蝾螈肢体再生过程中的出现和分布~*(简报)

有尾两栖类(蝾螈和美西螈)是脊椎功物中仅有的具备再生出失去肢体能力的动物。维生素A 酸(Retinoic Acid,简称RA)存在于鸡的发育中的肢芽,局部使用可模拟极化区的作用,因而被认为可能是形态发生素。作为     

SELECTIVE INHIBITION BY APHIDICOLIN OF THE ACTIVITY OF DNA POLYMERASE ALPHA LEADS TO BLOCKADE OF DNA SYNTHESIS AND CELL DIVISION IN SEA URCHIN EMBRYOS

Aphidicolin at 2 μg/ml caused 90% inhibition of mitotic cell division of sea urchin embryos at the I-cell stage. However, at 40 μg/ml it did not affect meiotic maturational divisions of starfish oocytes, which do not involve DNA replication. At 2 μg/ml it caused 90% inhibition of incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA of sea urchin embryos but did not affect protein or RNA synthesis even at a higher concentration. At 2 μg/ml it also caused 90% inhibition of the activity of DNA polymerase α, obtained from the nuclear fraction of sea urchin embryos, but did not affect the activity of DNA polymerase β or γ. These findings suggest that DNA polymerase α is responsible for replication of DNA in sea urchin embryos.