共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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近几十年来,多种新发和再发传染病在世界各地不断造成暴发流行,其中超过75%为人兽共患病,对人类和动物健康均造成威胁,同时食源性人兽共患病还引起多种食品安全问题。随着全球范围的交流越来越频繁,这些传染病的传播速度逐渐加快,传播范围也逐渐扩大,传统单一的控制策略已无法对其进行有效防控。在此背景下,One Health理念逐渐形成。该理念倡导使用多学科交流、多部门协作及跨地域合作的策略来控制传染病,已在多个国家和地区成功应用。本文就One Health理念在国内外的发展及应用实例进行简要概述。 相似文献
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军事医学科学院新发和突发传染病病原及媒介相关研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
军事医学科学院 《中国科学:生命科学》2011,41(10):845-848
以SARS,高致病性禽流感、新甲型H1N1流感等为代表的新发和突发传染病已经给人类公共卫生安全造成了极大威胁,而不断出现的抗生素耐药性也使以往得到控制的传染病有重新抬头的趋势.军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所一直致力于传染病防控的研究.本文就2000年以来,军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所在细菌性和病毒性新发和突发传染病病原体和媒介方面的研究工作做一简要综述. 相似文献
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任何一门学科的发展都离不开科学家的坚持不懈,对于学科的开拓者和奠基人更是如此。恐龙蛋的研究作为古生物学研究中的一个非常“冷门”的研究方向,它的发展见证了研究者的坚持与艰辛。 相似文献
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基于《微生物学通报》创刊40年来发表的植物相关细菌研究论文的数量与内容,对该领域研究在国际和国内的发展进行了初步总结和对比。提出了学术期刊与研究方向相互合作,共同提高的可能方式。 相似文献
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Allan BF Langerhans RB Ryberg WA Landesman WJ Griffin NW Katz RS Oberle BJ Schutzenhofer MR Smyth KN de St Maurice A Clark L Crooks KR Hernandez DE McLean RG Ostfeld RS Chase JM 《Oecologia》2009,158(4):699-708
West Nile virus, which was recently introduced to North America, is a mosquito-borne pathogen that infects a wide range of
vertebrate hosts, including humans. Several species of birds appear to be the primary reservoir hosts, whereas other bird
species, as well as other vertebrate species, can be infected but are less competent reservoirs. One hypothesis regarding
the transmission dynamics of West Nile virus suggests that high bird diversity reduces West Nile virus transmission because
mosquito blood-meals are distributed across a wide range of bird species, many of which have low reservoir competence. One
mechanism by which this hypothesis can operate is that high-diversity bird communities might have lower community-competence,
defined as the sum of the product of each species’ abundance and its reservoir competence index value. Additional hypotheses
posit that West Nile virus transmission will be reduced when either: (1) abundance of mosquito vectors is low; or (2) human
population density is low. We assessed these hypotheses at two spatial scales: a regional scale near Saint Louis, MO, and
a national scale (continental USA). We found that prevalence of West Nile virus infection in mosquito vectors and in humans
increased with decreasing bird diversity and with increasing reservoir competence of the bird community. Our results suggest
that conservation of avian diversity might help ameliorate the current West Nile virus epidemic in the USA 相似文献
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分子即时检测(point-of-care testing,POCT)技术具有灵敏度高、分析速度快、体积小、检测成本低廉等特点,在分子诊断领域受到广泛关注。近年来,分子POCT技术的发展与应用在应对新发、突发传染病,保护人类生命健康方面具有重大意义。介绍近五年来新兴的分子POCT技术,总结新兴分子POCT技术的最新研究进展及应用前景,分析POCT技术的优势与面临的挑战,探讨提高其检测灵敏度和选择性的技术策略。 相似文献
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近年来全球频发尼帕病毒疫情,本研究利用文献计量和科学知识图谱分析的方法,对新型人畜共患病毒-尼帕病毒领域1999~2017年的研究热点进行分析,以期了解国际尼帕病毒领域研究现状和趋势,为我国新发和烈性传染病防控及生物安全提供情报参考。本文以\"Nipah\"为主题词检索文献,截止2018年12月10日,共检索到论文973篇,论文数量总体呈现逐年增长的趋势。美国在尼帕病毒研究领域起步较早,且论文发表数量、论文影响力均排名第一。马来西亚、澳大利亚等国研究机构在尼帕病毒研究领域也占据重要地位,且各国之间合作密切。我国论文发表数量排名第7,但论文篇均被引频次比较靠前,排名第3。研究结果表明,近几年来,世界各国不断深入对尼帕病毒的研究和分析,我国在该领域起步较晚,但目前已有突破性进展,需继续保持深入挖掘和研究的态势,严格防控尼帕病毒引发的疫情,保障公共卫生安全,筑牢国家生物安全的防线。 相似文献
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During the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, traditional intervention measures such as quarantine and border control were found to be useful in containing the outbreak. We used laboratory verified SARS case data and the detailed quarantine data in Taiwan, where over 150,000 people were quarantined during the 2003 outbreak, to formulate a mathematical model which incorporates Level A quarantine (of potentially exposed contacts of suspected SARS patients) and Level B quarantine (of travelers arriving at borders from SARS affected areas) implemented in Taiwan during the outbreak. We obtain the average case fatality ratio and the daily quarantine rate for the Taiwan outbreak. Model simulations is utilized to show that Level A quarantine prevented approximately 461 additional SARS cases and 62 additional deaths, while the effect of Level B quarantine was comparatively minor, yielding only around 5% reduction of cases and deaths. The combined impact of the two levels of quarantine had reduced the case number and deaths by almost a half. The results demonstrate how modeling can be useful in qualitative evaluation of the impact of traditional intervention measures for newly emerging infectious diseases outbreak when there is inadequate information on the characteristics and clinical features of the new disease-measures which could become particularly important with the looming threat of global flu pandemic possibly caused by a novel mutating flu strain, including that of avian variety. 相似文献
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We investigate the merit of deriving an estimate of the basic reproduction number early in an outbreak of an (emerging) infection from estimates of the incidence and generation interval only. We compare
such estimates of with estimates incorporating additional model assumptions, and determine the circumstances under which the different estimates
are consistent. We show that one has to be careful when using observed exponential growth rates to derive an estimate of , and we quantify the discrepancies that arise.
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