<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces carminius</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sophora alopecuroides</Emphasis> in Xinjiang,China

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated TRM SA0054^T, was isolated from the roots of Sophora alopecuroides grown in Alar, Xinjiang, north-west China, and characterised by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain TRM SA0054^T has 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.22% with Streptomyces barkulensis RC 1831^T. Whole cell hydrolysates of strain TRM SA0054^T were found to contain ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and ribose, glucose and xylose as the major whole cell sugars. The major fatty acids were identified as iso-C_16:0, iso-C_16:1 G, anteiso-C_17:0, anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:0, anteiso-C_17:1 ω9c. The main menaquinones were determined to be MK-8 (H₄), MK-9 (H₆) and MK-9 (H₈). The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unidentified lipid. The G?+?C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 73.04%. Strain TRM SA0054^T has a relatively low DNA–DNA relatedness value with Streptomyces barkulensis RC 1831^T as determined by calculating the average nucleotide identity value (ANI?=?84.1%). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, it is concluded that strain TRM SA0054^T should be designated as a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces carminius sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain TRM SA0054^T (=?CCTCC AA 2016041^T?=?KCTC39903^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Promicromonospora viridis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil

Two Gram-stain positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41, were isolated from soil collected from Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, south of China. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and were closely related to Promicromonospora thailandica JCM 17130^T (99.4, 99.3%) and Promicromonospora citrea DSM 43110^T (99.2, 99.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains clustered together and formed a cluster with P. thailandica JCM 17130^T and P. citrea DSM 43110^T. Both strains were observed to contain MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₂) as predominant menaquinones. Their whole cell sugar profiles were found to main contained rhamnose, ribose, glucose and galactose. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids for the two strains were identified as anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41 was 85.1?±?0.3%, and the values between the two strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were well below 70%, supporting the conclusion that they represent a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the isolates from closely related species. On the basis of the genetic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41 can be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora viridis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-JGR1^T (=?DSM 105536^T?=?CGMCC 4.7473^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinokineospora</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">mzabensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from Saharan soil

A novel actinomycete strain, designated PAL84, was isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Béni-Isguen, Ghardaïa (South of Algeria). This strain was studied for its taxonomic position using a polyphasic approach and was identified as a member of the genus Actinokineospora. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain PAL84 had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with members of the genus Actinokineospora ranging from 96.2 % (Actinokineospora inagensis DSM 44258^T) to 97.8 % (Actinokineospora baliensis NBRC 104211^T). The strain was observed to produce pinkish-purple aerial mycelium and purplish red substrate mycelium, which fragmented readily into chains of non-motile elements. The optimum growth temperature and pH were found to be 25–30 °C and 5.0–7.0, respectively. The cell-wall hydrolysate of strain PAL84 was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the diagnostic whole-cell sugars were identified as arabinose and galactose. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-9 (H₄). The major fatty acids were found to be iso-C_16:0, iso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:1 H and iso-C_16:0 2OH. The diagnostic phospholipid detected was phosphatidylethanolamine. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Actinokineospora, for which the name Actinokineospora mzabensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain PAL84^T (=DSM 45961^T = CECT 8578^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces xiangluensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil

A novel actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-LA29^T, was isolated from soil collected from Xianglu Mountain and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach comprising chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, morphological and physiological characterisation, the isolate has been affiliated to the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate is closely related to Streptomyces vastus JCM4524^T (98.8% identity) and Streptomyces cinereus DSM43033^T (97.9%). However, multilocus sequence analysis based on five other house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB) and low DNA–DNA relatedness values enabled the strain to be differentiated from these closely related species of the genus Streptomyces. Thus, strain NEAU-LA29^T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces xiangluensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-LA29^T (=?CGMCC 4.7466^T?=?DSM 105786^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces lutosisoli</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from muddy soil

A novel Gram-stain positive, spore-forming, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-QTH3-11^T, was isolated from muddy soil collected from a stream in Qitaihe, Heilongjiang Province, northeast China and characterised using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain NEAU-QTH3-11^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces rhizosphaerihabitans NBRC 109807^T (99.38%) and Streptomyces mirabilis JCM 4791^T (99.03%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain formed a cluster with S. rhizosphaerihabitans NBRC 109807^T and Streptomyces siamensis NBRC 108799^T (98.62%). The menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H₈), MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₄). The phospholipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, C_16:0 and C_15:0. However, multilocus sequence analysis based on five house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB), low DNA-DNA hybridization results and some phenotypic, physiological and biochemical properties could differentiate the strain from its close relatives in the genus Streptomyces. Therefore, strain NEAU-QTH3-11^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces lutosisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with NEAU-QTH3-11^T (=DSM 42165^T=CGMCC 4.7198^T) as the type strain.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">mayteni</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a Chinese medicinal plant

An actinomycete strain, designated YIM 60475^T, was isolated from the roots of Maytenus austroyunnanensis and was characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain was determined to belong to the genus Streptomyces, based on its phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics. The strain produced spiral spore chains on aerial mycelium. The cell wall contained ll-diaminopimelic acid. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained galactose, glucose, and xylose. The phospholipid was type II. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 73.3 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization and comparison of physiological and chemical characteristics suggested that strain YIM 60475^T is a new Streptomyces species, for which the name Streptomyces mayteni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 60475^T (=CCTCC AA 207005^T = KCTC 19383^T). Hua-Hong Chen and Sheng Qin contributed equally to this work.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces shenzhenensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment

An actinomycete strain, which was designated 172115^T, was isolated from mangrove soil in Shenzhen, China. Strain 172115^T fell within the genus Streptomyces in the 16S rRNA gene tree and could be grouped into this genus based on its chemotaxonomic and morphological data. The strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Streptomyces lanatus NBRC 12787^T (AB184845) (98.29%) and Streptomyces lucensis NBRC 13056^T (AB184280) (98.26%). The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 172115^T and the two most closely related type strains were low enough to justify the assignment of the strain to a novel species. On the basis of these phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 172115^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which, the name Streptomyces shenzhenensis sp. nov. is proposed for strain 172115^T (=CCTCC AA 2011001^T=DSM 42034^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinomycete isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang,China

A novel actinomycete strain, designated TRM 40133^T, was isolated from a hypersaline habitat of Tarim basin in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed that it formed a well-seperated sub-branch within the radiation of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found between the strain TRM 40133^T and Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis YIM 91168^T (96.5%). The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate are typical for the genus Saccharopolyspora. It contained meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid. Whole cell hydrolysate contained arabinose, xylose, ribose and glucose. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. The main menaquinone was MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₄). No mycolic acid was detected. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_16:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.2 mol%. In addition, the strain TRM 40133^T had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from the recognized representatives of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The strain TRM 40133^T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TRM 40133^T (=KCTC 19987^T =CCTCC AA 2010012^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chromocurvus halotolerans</Emphasis> gen. nov., sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterial obligately aerobic anoxygenic phototroph,isolated from a Canadian hypersaline spring

A strain EG19^T of aerobic bacteria able to form pleomorphic cells was isolated from a brine spring runoff stream in the west central region of the province of Manitoba, Canada. The pale pinkish purple strain contained bacteriochlorophyll a incorporated into light-harvesting I and reaction center complexes. Its inability to grow under anaerobic illuminated conditions prompted designation as a member of the functional group known as aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria, forming a distinct branch of phototrophs distantly related to most described aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs, quite marginally related (95.6%) both to the only other described gammaproteobacterial aerobic phototroph, Congregibacter litoralis, and also to nonphototrophs in the genus Haliea (95.1–96.1%). Physiological tests demonstrated tolerance profiles to salinity (0–18% NaCl), pH (7–12), and temperature (7–40°C) consistent with survival in a shallow hypersaline stream on the exposed, vegetation-depleted salt playa of its native East German Creek. Phylogenetic data and phenotypic properties such as pigment composition, morphology, and physiology support the proposal of the novel genus and species Chromocurvus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., with EG19^T (=DSM 23344^T, =VKM B-2659^T) as the type strain.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacterium koreense</Emphasis> sp. nov., <Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacterium chungnamense</Emphasis> sp. nov., and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Flavobacterium cheonanense</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater reservoir

Taxonomic studies were performed on three strains isolated from Cheonho reservoir in Cheonan, Korea. The isolates were Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase-positive, and oxidase-positive. Colonies on solid media were cream-yellow, smooth, shiny, and circular. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains belong to the genus Flavobacterium. The strains shared 98.6–99.4% sequence similarity with each other and showed less than 97% similarity with members of the genus Flavobacterium with validly published names. The DNA-DNA hybridization results confirmed the separate genomic status of strains ARSA-42^T, ARSA-103^T, and ARSA-108^T. The isolates contained menaqui-none-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, iso-Ci_15:1 G, and iso-C_16:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolates were 31.4–33.2 mol%. According to the phenotypic and genotypic data, these organisms are classified as representative of three novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, and the name Flavobacterium koreense sp. nov. (strain ARSA-42^T =KCTC 23182^T =JCM 17066^T =KACC 14969^T), Flavobacterium chungnamense sp. nov. (strain ARSA-103^T =KCTC 23183^T =JCM 17068^T =KACC 14971^T), and Flavobacterium cheonanense sp. nov. (strain ARSA-108^T =KCTC 23184^T =JCM 17069^T =KACC 14972) are proposed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces tritolerans</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil in Karnataka,India

A Gram-positive, nonmotile, moderately halophilic, alkali and thermotolerant strain designated DAS 165(T), was isolated from a dry land soil sample from the Gulbarga region, Karnataka province, India. The isolate produced yellow substrate mycelia and gray aerial mycelia on most tested media. Strain DAS 165(T) showed growth in the presence of 5 to 7% NaCl and at 45 degrees C. The DNA G + C content was 69.7%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis together with these characteristics consistently assigned strain DAS 165(T) to the genus Streptomyces. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DAS 165(T) was most closely related to S. tendae ATCC 19812(T) (D 63873) with a sequence similarity of 99.6% (three nucleotide differences out of 1,517). Strain DAS 165(T) formed a distinct clade based on analysis of the almost complete sequence and 120-nucleotide variable gamma region of the 16S rRNA gene. Despite the high sequence similarity, strain DAS 165(T) was phenotypically different from S. tendae ATCC 19812(T). DNA-DNA hybridization between these strains was 47% showing that strain DAS 165(T) is a distinct genomic species. Phenetic and genetic results support the classification of strain DAS 165(T) as a new species, for which the name S. tritolerans is proposed, with strain DAS 165(T) as the type strain (=DSM 41899(T )= CCTCCAA 206013(T)).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudonocardia bannaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis> L.

During the course of our research on new actinobacterial sources, a novel actinomycete strain YIM 63101^T was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L. collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed well-differentiated aerial and substrate mycelia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 63101^T belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia, with highest similarity to “Pseudonocardia artemisiae YIM 63587^T” (99.4%). Sequence similarities between strain YIM 63101^T and the other Pseudonocardia species ranged from 97.0 (Pseudonocardia saturnea IMSNU 20052^T) to 94.0% (Pseudonocardia compacta IMSNU 20111^T). The chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as cell wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and the major menaquinones suggested that the organism belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 69.4 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including low DNA–DNA hybridization results, it is proposed that strain YIM 63101^T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, named Pseudonocardia bannaensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 63101^T (= CCTCC AA 208077 ^T = DSM 45300^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces roseoalbus</Emphasis> sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil in Yunnan,China

A strain YIM 33098T (= CCTCC AA001027T = DSM 41831T) was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Nanning in Guangxi Province, China, in the course of screening for producers of new drug lead compounds. This strain was identified by using a polyphasic approach. The results showed that it should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. An almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain was determined and compared with those of representative Streptomyces species. Strain YIM 33098T was clustered in the same subclade with Streptomyces tendae ATCC19812T and Streptomyces eurythermus ATCC14975T. Similarities of strain YIM 33098T with the two strains were 97.35% and 97.42%, respectively. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic evidence, it is therefore proposed that strain YIM 33098T should be classified in the genus Streptomyces as a new species under the name of Streptomyces nanningensis sp. nov.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Amycolatopsis endophytica</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from oil-seed plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> L.

A novel actinomycete, designated KLBMP 1221^T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized seeds of an oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L. collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that this strain formed a distinct phyletic line within the radiation of the genus Amycolatopsis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP 1221^T was most closely related to Amycolatopsis eurytherma NT202^T (98.9%), Amycolatopsis tucumanensis ABO^T (98.8%), Amycolatopsis thermoflava N1165^T (98.6%) and Amycolatopsis methanolica IMSNU 20055^T (98.5%). Strain KLBMP 1221^T had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. However, DNA–DNA relatedness data and phenotypic differences clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. Based on the combined genotypic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that strain KLBMP 1221^T be classified as representative of a novel species for which the name Amycolatopsis endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1221^T (= KCTC 19776^T = CCTCC AA 2010003^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudonocardia serianimatus</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the surface-sterilized leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis> L.

An aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive, Gram-stain positive actinomycete designated YIM 63233^T was isolated from the surface-sterilized leaves of Artemisia annua L. and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Optimal growth occurred at 20–28°C, pH 6.0–7.0 and in the presence of 0–3% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain YIM 63233^T clustered with species of the genus Pseudonocardia, displaying ≥1.2% sequence divergence with recognized species of this genus (from 98.8 to 94.0%). Relatively low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness were found between strain YIM 63233^T and Pseudonocardia petroleophila IMSNU 22072^T, which supported the classification of strain YIM 63233^T within a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia. The G + C content of genomic DNA was 72.0 mol%. Strain YIM 63233^T possessed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with classification in the genus Pseudonocardia, i.e. the predominant fatty acids were iso-C16:0 (32.27%), C16:0 10-methyl (8.73%) and C17:1ω8c (8.30%), whilst the predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H₄). The diagnostic diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major cell wall sugars were glucose, arabinose, galactose, mannose and rhamnose. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and DNA–DNA hybridization allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain YIM 63233^T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, the new isolate YIM 63233^T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia serianimatus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 63233^T (=DSM 45302^T = CCTCC AA 208079^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Myceligenerans salitolerans</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halotolerant actinomycete isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang,China

A halotolerant actinomycete strain, designated XHU 5031^T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Its taxonomic status was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism was most closely related to Myceligenerans xiligouense DSM 15700^T (98.4 %), Myceligenerans halotolerans XJEEM 11063^T (98.0 %) and Myceligenerans crystallogenes DSM 17134^T (97.5 %). However, it had relatively low values for DNA–DNA relatedness with the above strains (46.2, 39.4 and 36.5 %, respectively). The peptidoglycan type was A4α. This organism contained glucose, mannose and galactose as the major whole cell sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H₄). The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), one unknown phospholipid (PL) and two unknown glycolipids (GL). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 71.2 mol %. Phenotypic data clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that the isolate XHU 5031^T represented a novel species of the genus Myceligenerans. The proposed name for this organism is Myceligenerans salitolerans sp. nov., with type strain XHU 5031^T (=KCTC 29128^T = CCTCC AB 2012908^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytoactinopolyspora halotolerans</Emphasis> sp. nov., a halotolerant actinobacterium isolated from a saline soil in Xinjiang,northwest of China

A novel aerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile halotolerant actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 96448^T, was isolated from a saline soil sample collected from the south bank of Aiding Lake in Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 96448^T is closely related to Phytoactinopolyspora endophytica EGI 60009^T (98.0%) and Phytoactinopolyspora alkaliphila EGI 80629^T (97.0%). Optimum growth of the strain was observed at 28-37 °C, pH 7–9 and in the presence of 5–8% NaCl (w/v). The respiratory quinone of strain YIM 96448^T was determined to be MK-9(H₄). The major fatty acids (>10%) were identified as anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_16:0, anteiso-C_17:0 and summed feature 4 (iso-C_17:1 I and/or anteiso-C_17:1B). The polar lipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, three unidentified phosphoglycolipids and four unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 68.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain YIM 96448^T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Phytoactinopolyspora, for which the name Phytoactinopolyspora halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 96448^T (=CCTCC AB 2017055^T = KCTC 39924^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus deserti</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the desert of Xinjiang,China

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile and spore-forming bacterium, designated ZLD-8^T, was isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Xinjiang Province in north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. This isolate grew optimally at 30°C and pH 7.0. It grew with 0–4% NaCl (optimum, 0–1%). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain ZLD-8^T was closely related to members of the genus Bacillus, exhibiting the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Bacillus kribbensis DSM 17871^T (98.0%). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to other Bacillus species with validly published names were less than 96.3%. The DNA G + C content of strain ZLD-8^T was 40.1 mol%. The strain contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids (>5% of total fatty acids) were anteiso-C15:0 (39.56%), iso-C14:0 (25.69%), C16:1 ω7c alcohol (10.13%) and iso-C15:0 (5.27%). These chemotaxonomic results supported the affiliation of strain ZLD-8^T to the genus Bacillus. However, low DNA–DNA relatedness values and distinguishing phenotypic characteristics allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain ZLD-8^T from recognized Bacillus species. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented, strain ZLD-8^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZLD-8^T (=CCTCC AB 207173^T = KCTC 13246^T).