牛心朴子中的三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子( Cynanchum komarovii Al. Iljinski.) 须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4 个C₂₁ 甾体配糖体: 白前苷元C 3- O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-( 1→4-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-( 1→4 )-β- D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 1) , 白前苷元A 3- O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基- (1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 ) -α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-(1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷(2) , 白前苷元C 3- O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基- (1→4 )-α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-(1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-( 1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 3) , 白前苷元A 3- O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4 )-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-( 1→4 )-α- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基- (1→4 ) -β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基- (1→4 )-β- D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷( 4) , 分别命名为komaroside I (1) , komaroside J ( 2) , komaroside K ( 3) , komaroside L ( 4) , 除化合物1 外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

牛心朴子中三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子（Cymmehumkomarovii Al．IIjinski）须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4个C21甾体配糖体：白前苷元C 3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（1）,白前苷元A 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（2）,白前苷元C3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（3）,白前苷元A3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（4）,分别命名为komarosideI（1）,komarosideJ（2）,komarosideK（3）,komarosideL（4）,除化合物1外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的:研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果:分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(1)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(2)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(3)和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(4)。结论:化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

虎尾草化学成分研究

从虎尾草Lysimachia barystachys地上部分中分得8个已知黄酮苷类化合物,通过波谱解析其结构分别鉴定为槲皮素(1),山奈酚(2),金丝桃苷(3)、芦丁(4)、3,5,7,3',4'-五羟基黄酮-3-O-(2,6-二-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(5),3,5,7,3',4'-五羟基黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),3,5,7,4'-四羟基黄酮-3-O-(2,6-二-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(7),3,5,7,4'-四羟基黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8).这些化合物除3,4外均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

四川溲疏的化学成分研究(英文)

运用多种色谱技术从四川溲疏(Deutzia setchuenensis Franch)全草的95%乙醇提取物中首次分离到9个化合物。通过波谱方法和与已知品对照的手段将它们鉴定为:β-谷甾醇(1)、白桦酯醇(2)、hydrangetin(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、肉桂酸(5)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(6)、β-胡萝卜苷(7)、齐墩果酸-3-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-6-正丁酯)(8)和齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)。     

太白米中的甾体生物碱苷

对太白米的叶、大鳞茎和小鳞茎进行了化学成分系统预试,从大鳞茎中分离得到4个甾体生物碱苷,通过对其IR、FABMS、SIMS、1^HNMR、13^CNMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC和1^H-1^H COSY的综合解析鉴定了其中3个结构,它们分别为茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)和茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(IV)。     

算盘子的化学成分研究

对算盘子(Glochidion puberum)的化学成分进行研究.从其乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位分离得到了9个化合物,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构分别为:牡荆素(1)、β-D-吡喃半乳糖-(3→3)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(2)、丁香脂素(3)、(Z)-3-已烯-D-吡喃葡萄糖(4)、(E)-2-已烯-D-吡喃葡萄糖(5)、4-O-乙基没食子酸(6)、没食子酸(7)、胡萝卜苷(8)、β-谷甾醇(9).     

15种獐牙菜属植物中主要药用成分的高效液相色谱测定

对青藏高原和云贵高原的15种獐牙菜属植物进行了3种苦味苷,即獐牙菜苦苷(swertiamarin)、龙胆苦苷(gentiopicroside)、苦龙苷(amarogentin)、一种黄酮苷-当药黄素(swertisin)、及5种口山酮苷-芒果苷(mangiferin)、当药醇苷(swertianolin)、7-O-[a-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖]-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基口山酮(7-O-[a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone)、7-O-β-D-吡喃木糖-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基口山酮(7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1,8-二羟基-5-甲氧基口山酮(3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,8-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanth-one)等9种主要药效成分同时进行了高效液相色谱的含量测定(Kromasil C18柱,甲醇一水梯度洗脱,二级管阵列检测);并对其主要药效成分的分布进行了比较。     

油菜蜂花粉中皂苷化学成分的研究

油菜蜂花粉煮沸灭酶,减压蒸干,用80%乙醇提取,经AB-8大孔树脂、MCI柱和ODS反相柱层析柱分离,得到4个皂苷类化合物,通过理化方法、1H NMR、13C NMR等手段鉴定他们的化学结构,分别为:3,22-二羟基,3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-齐墩果烷(1)、3,22-二羟基,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-[-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)]-齐墩果烷(2)、3,22-二羟基,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-[-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)]-齐墩果酸(3)和3-O-β-D-葡萄糖-谷甾醇苷(4)。其中,皂苷1～3在油菜蜂花粉中首次报导。     

蒙药材瑞香狼毒的化学成分研究

采用溶剂提取及柱色谱等方法,首次对瑞香狼毒Stellera chamaejasme L.的正丁醇萃取部位进行系统研究,分离得到6个苯丙素类化合物,并运用UV、1H NMR、13C NMR等现代波谱技术依次鉴定为伞形花内酯7-O-β-D-吡喃木糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1),芥子醇1,3’-双-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2),紫丁香苷(3),(+)-落叶松树脂醇4,4’-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4),(+)-松树脂醇4,4’-O-双-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)和(+)-丁香树脂醇-双-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)。其中,化合物4、6为首次从该药材中分离得到。     

云南丽江山慈菇遗传多样性的DALP分析

采用DALP (Direct amplification of length polymorphism) 分子标记技术, 对产自云南的药用植物丽江山慈菇Iphigenia indica (L.) Kunth的9个居群进行DNA指纹检测。筛选出5个引物组合, 扩增共产生131条DNA片段, 其中104 条谱带具有遗传多态性, 约占79 39%, 平均每组引物扩增所得多态条带为20 8, 9个居群平均多态百分率为42 21%。9个居群平均观察等位基因数Na为1 4224, 总Na为1 7939; 平均有效等位基因数Ne 为1 3141, 总Ne 为1 4810; 平均遗传多样性指数H为0 1745, 总H为0 2831; 平均Shannon 多样性指数I 为0 2527, 总I为0 4231; 总基因多样性Ht为0 2831, 居群内多样性Hs 为0 1745, 居群间基因分化系数Gst为0 3834, 即丽江山慈菇有61 66%的遗传变异来自居群内, 38 34%来自居群间, 居群间存在较高水平的遗传分化。滇西北居群的遗传多样性明显高于滇中居群的遗传多样性, 这与滇中地区丽江山慈菇野生资源被大规模挖掘有着直接的关系。     

中国林蛙变态蝌蚪对pH、盐度和碱度的适应性

在水温16～18℃的野外条件下,采用单因子急性毒性实验法,研究了水环境中pH、盐度和碱度对中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)变态蝌蚪的毒性效应．结果表明,中国林蛙变态蝌蚪对pH的适应范围为4．3～9．7,最低耐受限3．6,最高耐受限10．7;对盐度的最高耐受限为9．98g·L^-1,适应盐度上限7．14g·L^-1,安全盐度上限1．70g·L^-1;对碱度的最高耐受限为19．96mmol·L^-1,适应碱度上限8．76mmol·L^-1。安全碱度上限2．41mmol·L^-1．野外变态蝌蚪饲养池水体pH应控制在6．5～8．5,盐度控制在2．0g·L^-1以下,碱度不超过4．0mmol·L^-1．中国林蛙变态蝌蚪是一种狭酸碱、低耐盐、低耐碱生物。     

Ecological Life Table of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

An ecological life table was constructed, aiming to determine the critical stages and key mortality factors of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The total population mortality of this tomato leafminer was 92.3%. During the egg stage the mortality was 58.7%, mainly due to egg inviability. A total of 8.6% egg parasitism by Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and 5.0% egg predation by Xylocoris sp. (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and members of the family Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) was observed. The mortality of the larval stage was 33.0%. This was considered to be the critical stage as it showed the highest apparent mortality (79.8%). Larval parasitism was low (0.1%), and was only found with Goniozus nigrifemur Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Predators were responsible for 79.4% of larval mortality. Therefore, their attraction to and maintenance in the target area are important management tactics to be considered for T. absoluta control. The first and second instars were considered to be the most critical, and predation by the above mentioned species was the key mortality factor. The mortality at the pupal stage was low (0.6%) and was due to malformation.     

Determination of serum glucose by horseradish peroxidase-catalysed imidazole chemiluminescence coupled to a micro-flow-injection system.

The reactivity of flow-injection (FI)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalysed imidazole chemiluminescence (CL) was studied for continuous determination of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and serum glucose with immobilized glucose oxidase. Light emission by the HRP-catalysed imidazole CL was obtained when immobilized HRP, alkaline imidazole (in Tricine solution, pH 9.3) and H(2)O(2) were reacted at room temperature. The optimal pH for the CL reaction was 9.3 and the optimal concentration of imidazole was 100 micromol/L. When no imidazole was added, the light intensity of the same H(2)O(2) specimen decreased to a level that could not be quantitatively determined. The spectrum of the light emitted by imidazole CL was in the range 400-600 nm with a peak at 500 nm. The calibration equation for determination of H(2)O(2) was y = 9860x(2) + 3830x + 11,700, where y = light intensity (RLU) and x = concentration of H(2)O(2) (micromol/L). The detection limit of H(2)O(2) was 5 pmol, and the reproducibility of the H(2)O(2) assay was 2.3% of the coefficient of variation (H(2)O(2) 48 micromol/L, n = 13). The CL method was successfully applied to assay glucose after on-line generation of H(2)O(2) with the immobilized glucose oxidase column, resulting in good reproducibility (CV = 3.3% and 1.0% for the standard glucose and the control serum, respectively).     

High oxygen transfer rate in a new aeration system using hollow fiber membrane

A new type of bubble aeration column called a hollow fiber membrane (HFM) aeration column was proposed, which was featured in the use of hollow fiber membranes and gave a high bubble density in the column. The value of k(L)a was increased by modifying the membrane surface for making the pore size smaller. The Sauter mean diameter of bubbles (D(vs)) was 2.0 +/- 0.1 mm in the range of the superficial gas velocity from 0.02 m s(-1) to 0.065 m s(-1), while that obtained for the bubbles near the membrane was 811 mum at the superficial gas velocity of 4.0 x 10(-4) m s(-1). The difference was ascribed to the effect of coalescence of bubbles. The value of K(L)a increased in proportion to the superficial gas velocity up to 0.02 m s(-1), and was almost constant above 0.03 m s(-1). The maximum value of k(L)a, 2.5 s(-1), was higher than those of the other aeration columns reported previously. The pneumatic power consumption per unit liquid volume (P(v)) for obtaining the same k(L)a was the smallest in the HFM aeration columns. P(v), for obtaining the same interfacial area of bubbles per liquid volume, was also lower than those for other types of aeration columns. It was suggested from the measurement of bubble diameter that the larger interfacial area generated in the HFM aeration column ascribes to the larger gas holdup than the smaller D(vs). (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

不同含水量下尖叶拟船叶藓光合速率对光温的响应及其模型

对不同大气温度、藓体含水量及光照条件下尖叶拟船叶藓光合速率测定研究结果表明,光合速率(Pn)与光照强度(PAR)、大气温度(Ta)及藓体含水量(PWC)之间密切相关,光合速率的光响应曲线为直角双曲线,温度、藓体含水量影响图形的曲度参数,在低含水量、高气温组合和高含水量、低气温组合的藓体高光强下都使光合速率降低．弱光下(PAR<200μmol·s^-1·m^-2),光合速率最大值Pmax出现在PWC：为50％～80％,但随着Ta的升高而增大,当Ta>25℃,Pmax随Ta升高而降低;随着光照强度的增大,Pmax出现的PWC水平随之提高,当PAR<200μmol·s^-1·m^-2时,光合速率最大值Pmax出现在Ta比较高的范围(20～25℃),并随PWC的升高而增大,当PWC>80％时,Pmax随PWC升高而降低;随着光照强度的增大,Pmax出现的Ta水平降低、在230     

The role of CO2 in cobalt-catalyzed peroxidations

Augmentation, by CO(2)/HCO(3)(-), of Co(II)-catalyzed peroxidations was explored to clarify whether the rate enhancement was due to CO(2) or to HCO(3)(-). The rate of oxidation of NADH by Co(II) plus H(2)O(2), in Tris or phosphate, was markedly enhanced by CO(2)/HCO(3)(-). Phosphate was seen to inhibit the Co(II)-catalyzed peroxidation, probably due to its sequestration of the Co(II). When CO(2) was used, there was an initial burst of NADH oxidation followed by a slower linear rate. The presence of carbonic anhydrase eliminated this initial burst; establishing that CO(2) rather than HCO(3)(-) was the species responsible for the observed rate enhancements. Both kinetic and spectral data indicated that Co(II) was converted by H(2)O(2) into a less active form from which Co(II) could be regenerated. This less active form absorbed in both the UV and visible regions, and is assumed to be a peroxy bridged binuclear complex. The rate of formation of this absorbing form was increased by HCO(3)(-)/CO(2). A minimal mechanism consistent with these observations is proposed.     

The NMR-derived conformation of neuropeptide AF,an orphan G-protein coupled receptor peptide

The tertiary structure of the pain modulating and anti-opiate neuropeptide, human neuropeptide AF (NPAF) (the sequence is AGEGLNSQFWSLAAPQRF-NH(2)), was determined by (1)H-NMR. The structure of NPAF was determined in two solvent systems, namely 50%/50% trifluoroethanol-d(3)/H(2)O (TFE/H(2)O) and in the cell membrane mimetic micelle, sodium dodecylsulfate-d(25) (SDS). The receptor for NPAF is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor, and the micellar SDS solvent system was used to emulate the cell membrane surface in line with the Cell Membrane Compartments Theory proposed by R. Schwyzer (Biopolymers, 1995, Vol. 37, pp. 5-16). In both solvent systems, NPAF was found to be primarily alpha-helical within the central portion of the molecule, from Asn(6) to Ala(14). The N-terminus was random in both solvent systems. In the SDS solution, the C-terminal tetrapeptide was structured and formed a type I beta-turn, whereas in TFE/H(2)O it was unstructured, showing the importance of the C-terminal tetrapeptide in receptor recognition. NPAF was found to associate with SDS, and was shown to be near the surface of the micelle by spin label studies with 5-doxyl-stearic acid.     

TRPV4在渗透压对大鼠心肌收缩性影响中的作用

本文旨在探讨低渗和高渗内环境对心肌收缩性的影响及机制.取Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠左心室乳头状肌,在电刺激引起兴奋的条件下,分别记录在低渗、等渗和高渗灌流液中肌条的收缩力;同样条件下观察在低渗、等渗和高渗灌流液中加入渗透压敏感蛋白瞬时感受器电位离子通道家族香草素受体亚家族IV型(transient receptor potential vanilloid 4,TRPV4)的拮抗剂和激动剂后肌条收缩力的变化.结果显示:(1)与等渗(310 mOsm/L)时心肌收缩力相比,渗透压为290、270和230 mOsm/L时心肌收缩力分别增加11.5%、21.5%、25.O%(P<0.05);渗透压为350、370、390 mOsm/L时心肌收缩力分别降低16.0%、23.7%、55.2%(P<0.05).(2)在低渗液(270 mOsm/L)中加入TRPV4拮抗剂钌红(ruthenium red,RR),低渗对心肌收缩力的增强作用被抑制36%(P<0.01);在高渗液(390 mOsm/L)中加入RR,高渗对心肌收缩力的抑制作用增加56.1%(P<0.01).(3)在等渗液中(310 mOsm/L)加入TRPV4激动剂4-α-佛波醇-12,13-二癸酸(4-α-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate,4 α-PDD),心肌收缩力没有改变;在高渗液中(390 mOsm/L)加入4α-PDD,高渗对心肌收缩力的抑制作用增加27.1%(P<0.01).以上结果提示,TRPV4参与渗透压引起的心肌收缩力变化.     

H(2) photoproduction by batch culture of Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 and its mutant PK84 in a photobioreactor.

Hydrogen production by Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 and of its mutant PK84, grown in batch cultures, was studied in a photobioreactor. The highest volumetric H(2) production rates of native and mutant strains were found in cultures grown at gradually increased irradiation. The native strain evolved H(2) only under an argon atmosphere with the actual rate as high as the potential rate (measured in small vials under optimal conditions). In this case 61% of oxygenic photosynthesis was used for H(2) production. In contrast the mutant PK84 produced H(2) during growth under CO(2)-enriched air. Under these conditions at the maximum rate of H(2) production (10 mL h(-1) L(-1)), 13% of oxygenic photosynthesis was used for H(2) production and the actual H(2) production was only 33% of the potential. Under an atmosphere of 98% argon + 2% CO(2) actual H(2) production by mutant PK84 was 85% of the potential rate and 66% of oxygenic photosynthesis was used for H(2) production. Hydrogen production under argon + CO(2) by the mutant was strictly light-dependent with saturation at about 300 microE m(-2) s(-1). However, the rate of photosynthesis was not saturated at this irradiation. At limiting light intensities (below 250 microE m(-2) s(-1)) 33-58% of photosynthesis was used for H(2) production. Hydrogen evolution by PK84 under air + 2% CO(2) was also stimulated by light; but was not saturated at 332 microE m(-2) s(-1) and did not cease completely in darkness. The rate of oxygen photoevolution was also not saturated. A mechanism for increasing cyanobacterial hydrogen production is proposed.