高粱属植物的地理分布

为探讨高粱属(Sorghum Moench)的系统发育关系,通过野外调查及查阅标本和文献资料,对高粱属植物的地理分布进行了整理和研究。高粱属植物约有29种,分布于全世界热带到温带地区,其中澳大利亚22种,亚洲15种,非洲9种,欧洲3种,地中海2种,美洲6种。中国有5种,分布在东北、西南到华南各省(区)。高粱属有5亚属,仅高粱亚属(subgen.Sorghum)延伸至新世界,其他亚属均分布在旧世界,高粱亚属覆盖非洲并扩散到全世界热带到温带地区;拟高粱亚属(subgen.Parasorghum)分布在非洲、亚洲、澳大利亚;有柄高粱亚属(subgen.Stiposorghum)主要分布在澳大利亚,个别种分布到亚洲;多毛高粱亚属(subgen.Chaetosorghum)分布在澳大利亚;异高粱亚属(subgen.Heterosorghum)分布在澳大利亚和亚洲。这表明澳大利亚东北部是高粱属的现代分布中心和多样化中心,非洲东北部和热带亚洲是否是高粱属的起源地尚需确证。     

论中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区乌头属植物地理分布特点

本文对乌头属Aconitum L．植物分布区内各地区的分布作了分析,统计了各地区不 同等级分类群的频度,认为中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区是乌头属植物地理分布最大的频度中心、 多样性中心和特有种的分布中心。 文中还讨论了乌头属内的演化关系,以及本属与邻近属的 系统发育关系,发现在中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区既有许多原始类群,又有大量的进化类群,提出 了本亚区不但是本属植物原始类群的保存中心,而且是活跃的分化中心。产生上述结果的原因可能与喜马拉雅山脉的抬升以及本亚区复杂的自然条件有着密切的关系。     

柽柳科柽柳属的植物地理研究

柽柳属是典型的旧世界温带分布属。对柽柳属3组68种的分布进行了分析,发现本属3个频度分布中心依次为伊朗—吐兰区的西亚亚区(30种／3组,其中特有种13种),中亚亚区(20种／2组,其中特有种6种)和地中海区(12种／3组,其中特有种6种)。由于伊朗—吐兰地区的西亚亚区存在本属最多的组与种、特有种多且可以见到柽柳属系统发育系列,因而认为该亚区是现存本属植物的现代分布中心和分化中心。地中海地区包含的组、种数仅次于伊朗—吐兰区,并且特有种为6种,带有新特有种的性质,全是系统发育上相对年轻、进步的类型,被认为是本属的一个次级分布中心,另一个次级分布中心在中亚亚区,尤其是中国西北干旱地区。根据柽柳属植物的现代地理分布、化石资料及地质历史资料,推测柽柳属起源于古地中海热带成分盛行的早第三纪始新世,具有起源古老的性质,并且随着晚第三纪古地中海的退缩、气候逐渐干旱而得到进一步发展,产生许多新的以温带成分为主适应旱生环境的现代柽柳属种类。柽柳属起源之后,首先繁衍、散布到以伊朗为中心的现代分布中心,其后以伊朗为廊道向西、向东扩散,在地中海沿岸、东非、阿拉伯半岛、非洲西南部及亚洲中部的荒漠地区得到发展。     

槭树科的地理分布

槭树科是北温带分布的科,２属２０２种。本文论述了本科的植物生态学、科的地理分布、槭属的亚属和组系统位置及其分布式样和种的分布,以及对古特有种、新特有种的分析,认为北温带分布的槭树科是热带起源的,其分布中心和祖型都在中国亚热带山地－横断山区连同湖北、湖南和四川东部。在这里,特别在横断山区槭树科种类丰富、分布集中,古特有和新特有成分均多,分化明显,是新老区的结合及分布中心,而且很有可能是槭树科的起源地     

旧大陆的蒿属植物

本文报导了亚、欧、非三洲的蒿属(Artemisia Linn.)植物的系统分类、分布及区系地理等。在系统分类与分布项中,作者介绍了各学者研究该属的观点;分亚属、组的特点,亲缘关系及经订正与考证的该属298种、63变种及补遗5种、2变种的正名、异名及其分布地区。在区系地理项中,作者结合古植物孢粉证据,论述了该属的起源中心、冰期前后该属植物在地球上的迁移路线、现代分布中心、分布区密集中心及次生的起源、分化与分布中心等,同时对亚、欧、非三洲蒿属区系分10亚区、28地区成分加以论述。     

中国茶藨子属的研究

通过对国产茶藨子属的形态、分类和地理分布的研究,笔者支持把该属置于虎耳草科的观点,不赞成把它分离作为独立的科。另外,认为Rehder系统中所划分的4个亚属较合理,故予以采纳,但笔者对其中的亚属、组和系的划分、各分类类目的内容、系统排列的顺序等诸方面都作了较大修订。从系统发育的观点出发,对亚属的排列次序则和Rehder系统有很大不同,而对组和系的范围及其系统位置也作了较大改动。中国茶藨子属植物初步确定为59种30变种,隶属于4亚属10组15系(包括5新系)。依据对茶藨子属分布区的分析,首次提出了东亚区是茶藨子属植物的现代分布中心,在东亚区中,中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区中的横断山脉地区和中国-日本森林植物亚区的西部是茶藨子属发生和发展的关键地区。     

中国杜鹃花属植物地理分布型及其成因的探讨

依据植物分类学和地理学研究成果,尤其是从中国东部到西端喜玛拉雅杜鹃花类群分布及其现代与历史环境变化和规律,在已有的3个亚属级分布型的基础上,尝试建立了由7组和49亚组构成的11个杜鹃花属组与亚组级分布型体系。研究结果表明,该分布型体系展示了我国杜鹃花属植物类群在我国东部到西端的4个基本地理单元的分布面貌,尤其是展示了以杜鹃花亚属和常绿杜鹃亚属为主的不同大小、不同性质与不同进化程度的亚组级单位在上述分布体系中的位置与数量分布,从而揭示了我国东西向地形阶地由低到高和新生代以来生物地史由较稳定区到巨变区延展变化对杜鹃花属类群分布格局带来的巨大影响。指出,我国杜鹃花属植物的组与亚组级中的大类群、较广布群、原始群和常绿杜鹃类群的分布区或集中分布区偏向狭义横断山及其以东;反之,小类群、狭域与特有群、进化类群和有鳞类群的分布区或分布重心偏向(狭义)横断山及其以西。川西山地、狭义横断山、喜玛拉雅山既是杜鹃花属植物的集中分布区,也是某些类群扩散、迁移的地理屏障,对我国现代杜鹃花分布区及其分布格局的形成具有重要影响;东西向的地理环境变化是我国杜鹃花植物属下类群及其分布型变化的主轴。     

Discuss on the Rhododendron geographical distribution types and their cause of formation in China

依据植物分类学和地理学研究成果,尤其是从中国东部到西端喜玛拉雅杜鹃花类群分布及其现代与历史环境变化和规律,在已有的3个亚属级分布型的基础上,尝试建立了由7组和49亚组构成的11个杜鹃花属组与亚组级分布型体系.研究结果表明,该分布型体系展示了我国杜鹃花属植物类群在我国东部到西端的4个基本地理单元的分布面貌,尤其是展示了以杜鹃花亚属和常绿杜鹃亚属为主的不同大小、不同性质与不同进化程度的亚组级单位在上述分布体系中的位置与数量分布,从而揭示了我国东西向地形阶地由低到高和新生代以来生物地史由较稳定区到巨变区延展变化对杜鹃花属类群分布格局带来的巨大影响.指出,我国杜鹃花属植物的组与亚组级中的大类群、较广布群、原始群和常绿杜鹃类群的分布区或集中分布区偏向狭义横断山及其以东;反之,小类群、狭域与特有群、进化类群和有鳞类群的分布区或分布重心偏向(狭义)横断山及其以西.川西山地、狭义横断山、喜玛拉雅山既是杜鹃花属植物的集中分布区,也是某些类群扩散、迁移的地理屏障,对我国现代杜鹃花分布区及其分布格局的形成具有重要影响;东西向的地理环境变化是我国杜鹃花植物属下类群及其分布型变化的主轴.     

中国已知拟步甲的种类组成和分布概貌

根据中国已知的9亚科45族248属1264种拟步甲,对其种类组成特点和分布概貌进行了初步分析。结果表明我国拟步甲分布在荒漠、半荒漠地区的有6亚科25族69属300余种,非荒漠地区的有9亚科31族179属800余种．其区系的丰富度几乎集中在华南区、西南区和西北区,证明我国是世界拟步甲分布最丰富的地区之一。全文还对隶属我国各动物地理区划的本科甲虫及其特有种进行了统计和初步分析。     

中国鸡形目鸟类的分布格局

基于中国鸡形目鸟类分布数据库,运用GIS技术处理物种分布数据,研究了中国鸡形目鸟类的水平、垂直分布状况和分布中心。中国鸡形目鸟类63种,分属2科26属,在水平分布上具有不均匀性,在动物地理亚区上表现为西南山地亚区分布最多(35种),其次是青海藏南亚区(30种)、喜马拉雅山亚区(22种);在垂直分布上则主要分布于从1100m到2900m的中、高海拔地区。中国鸡形目鸟类物种多样性具有2个分布中心:喜马拉雅-横断山中心和滇南山地中心。我国鸡形目鸟类主要涉及以下3个分布型:喜马拉雅-横断山型、东洋型和南中国型。其中以喜马拉雅-横断山型的种类最多,其次为东洋型和南中国型,其他类型较少。     

粉条儿菜属(肺筋草科)的地理分布及其物种多样性和分化中心

粉条儿菜属(AletrisL.)隶属于肺筋草科,全世界有23种1变种,东亚有18种1变种,北美东南部有5种,为典型的东亚-北美间断分布的属.本文在种(变种)的水平上,研究了粉条儿菜属的地理分布及其分布中心和多样化中心,并对其起源和分化以及现代洲际间断分布格局的成因进行了分析.结果表明,(1)中国共分布有粉条儿菜属植物15种1变种,而广义的横断山地区集中分布有13种1变种,是东亚粉条儿菜属植物分布最为集中的地区,而且包含该属植物各个进化阶段的代表.因此,广义的横断山地区是粉条儿菜属在东亚的分布中心和多样化中心.(2)根据粉条儿菜属及其近缘属的分布格局推测,该属可能在不晚于第三纪早期,起源于古北大陆.东亚和北美的粉条儿菜属植物形态区别明显,应该是隔离分化的结果.(3)该属植物可能曾经广布于北半球,后来地质、气候以及冰川等因素的变化,导致该属在一些地区灭绝,而仅存于东亚和北美东南部.(4)尽管横断山及其周边地区是东亚粉条儿菜属的多样化中心,但该地区很可能并不是粉条儿菜属最早的分化中心,因横断山地区周边的一些特有种可能是在晚近的时期形成的新特有种;另外,东亚粉条儿菜属一些原始的种类主要分布于我国中东部到日本一带.所以,中国中东部到日本一带可能是粉条儿菜属早期的分化中心.     

四川非雀形目鸟类区系的结构分析

通观种的繁殖区资料后,将文献报导的253种四川非雀形目鸟类分为11个分布类型：极地型,北半球北部型,欧亚北部型,中亚型,青藏高地型,横断-喜马拉雅山地型,中国东北及其邻区型,中国季风区型,南亚及东南亚型,东半球热带亚热带型,环球热带亚热带型;进而对有关分布型的划分作了研讨。文东对此区系的结构特点作了叙述。     

Origin,Differentiation, and Geographic Distribution of the Chenopodiaceae

Numbers of species and genera,endemic genera,extant primitive genera,relationship and distribution patterns of presently living Chenopodiaceae(two subfamilies,12 tribes,and 118 genera)are analyzed and compared for eight distributional areas,namely central Asia,Europe,the Mediterranean region,Africa,North America,South America, Australia and East Asia． The Central Asia,where the number of genera and diversity of taxa are greater than in other areas,appears to be the center of distribution of extant Chenopodiaceae．North America and Australia are two secondary centers of distribution． Eurasia has 11 tribes out of the 12,a total of 70 genera of extant chenopodiaceous plants,and it contains the most primitive genera of every tribe． Archiatriplex of Atripliceae,Hablitzia of Hablitzeae,Corispermum of Corispermeae,Camphorosma of Camphorosmaea,Kalidium of Salicornieae,Polecnemum of Polycnemeae,Alexandra of Suaedeae,and Nanophyton of Salsoleae,are all found in Eurasia,The Beteae is an Eurasian endemic tribe,demonstrating the antiquity of the Chenopodiaceae flora of Eurasia．Hence,Eurasia is likely the place of origin of chenopodiaceous plants． The presence of chenopodiaceous plants is correlated with an arid climate．During the Cretaceous Period,most places of the continent of Eurasia were occupied by the ancient precursor to the Mediterranean,the Tethys Sea．At that time the area of the Tethys Sea had a dry and warm climate．Therefore,primitive Chenopodiaceae were likely present on the beaches of this ancient land．This arid climatic condition resulted in differentiation of the tribes Chenopodieae,Atripliceae,Comphorosmeae,Salicornieae,etc．,the main primitive tribes of the subfamily Cyclolobeae. Then following continental drift and the Laurasian and Gondwanan disintegration, the Chenopodiaceae were brought to every continent to propagate and develop, and experience the vicissitudes of climates, forming the main characteristics and distribution patterns of recent continental floras. The tribes Atripliceae, Chenopodieae, Camphorosmeae, and Salicornieae of recent Chenopodiaceae in Eurasia, North America, South America, southern Africa, and Australia all became strongly differentiated. However, Australia and South America, have no genera of Spirolobeae except for a few maritime Suaeda species. The Salsoleae and Suaedeae have not arrived in Australia and South America, which indicates that the subfamily Spirolobeae developed in Eurasia after Australia separated from the ancient South America-Africa continent, and South America had left Africa. The endemic tribe of North America, the tribe Sarcobateae, has a origin different from the tribes Salsoleae and Suaedeae of the subfamily Spirolobeae. Sarcobateae flowers diverged into unisexuality and absence of bractlets. Clearly they originated in North America after North America had left the Eurasian continent. North America and southern Africa have a few species of Salsola, but none of them have become very much differentiated or developed, so they must have arrived through overland migration across ancient continental connections. India has no southern African Chenopodiaceae floristic components except for a few maritime taxa, which shows that when the Indian subcontinent left Africa in the Triassic period, the Chenopodiaceae had not yet developed in Africa. Therefore, the early Cretaceous Period about 120 million years ago, when the ancient Gondwanan and Laurasian continents disintegrated, could have been the time of origin of Chenopodiaceae plants.The Chinese flora of Chenopodiaceae is a part of Chenopodiaceae flora of central Asia. Cornulaca alaschnica was discovered from Gansu, China, showing that the Chinese Chenopodiaceae flora certainly has contact with the Mediterranean Chenopodiaceae flora. The contact of southeastern China with the Australia Chenopodiaceae flora, however, is very weak.     

藜科植物的起源、分化和地理分布

全球藜科植物共约130属1500余种,广泛分布于欧亚大陆、南北美洲、非洲和大洋洲的半干旱及盐碱地区。它基本上是一个温带科,对亚热带和寒温带也有一定的适应性。本文分析了该科包含的1l族的系统位置和分布式样,以及各个属的分布区,提出中亚区是现存藜科植物的分布中心,原始的藜科植物在古地中海的东岸即华夏陆台(或中国的西南部)发生,然后向干旱的古地中海沿岸迁移、分化,产生了环胚亚科主要族的原始类群;起源的时间可能在白垩纪初,冈瓦纳古陆和劳亚古陆进一步解体的时期。文章对其迁移途径及现代分布式样形成的原因进行了讨论。     

On the geographical distribution of the Juglandaceae

The present paper aims to discuss the geog raphical distribution of the Juglandaceae on the basis of unity of the phylogeny and the process of dispersal in the plants. The paper is divided into the following three parts: 1. The systematic positions and the distribution patterns of nine living genera in the family Juglandaceae (namely, Engelhardia, Oreomunnea, Alfaroa, Pterocarya, Cyclocarya, Juglans, Carya, Annamocarya and Platycarya) are briefly discussed. The evolutional relationships between the different genera of the Juglandaceae are elucidated. The fossil distribution and the geological date of the plant groups are reviewed. Through the analysis for the geographical distribution of the Juglandaceous genera, the distribution patterns may be divided as follows: A. The tropical distribution pattern a. The genera of tropical Asia distribution: Engelhardia, Annamocarya. b. The genera of tropical Central America distribution: Oreomunnea, Alfaroa. B. The temperate distribution pattern c. The genus of disjunct distribution between Western Asia and Eastern Asia: Pterocarya. d. The genus of disjunct distribution between Eurasia and America: Juglans. e. The genus of disjunct distribution between Eastern Asia and North America: Carya. f. The genera whose distribution is confined to Eastern Asia: Cyclocarya, Platycarya. 2. The distribution of species According to Takhtajan’s view point of phytochoria, the number of species in every region are counted. It has shown clearily that the Eastern Asian Region and the Cotinental South-east Asian Region are most abundant in number of genera and species. Of the 71 living species, 53 are regional endemic elements, namely 74.6% of the total species. The author is of the opinion that most endemic species in Eurasia are of old endemic nature and in America of new endimic nature. There are now 7 genera and 28 species in China, whose south-western and central parts are most abundant in species, with Province Yunnan being richest in genera and species. 3. Discussions of the distribution patterns of the Juglandaceae A. The centre of floristic region B. The centre of floristic regions is determined by the following two principles: a. A large number of species concentrate in a district, namely the centre of the majority; b. Species of a district can reflect the main stages of the systematic evolution of the Juglandaceae, namely the centre of diversity. It has shown clearly that the southern part of Eastern Asian region and the northern part of Continental South-east Asian Region (i.c. Southern China and Northern Indo-China) are the main distribution centre of the Juglandaceae, while the southern part of Sonora Region and Caribbean Region (i.c. South-western U.S.A., Mexico and Central America) are the secondary distribution centre. As far as fossil records goes, it has shown that in Tertiary period the Juglandaceae were widely distributed in northern Eurasia and North America, growing not only in Europe and the Caucasus but also as far as in Greenland and Alaska. It may be considered that the Juglandaceae might be originated from Laurasia. According to the analysis of distribution pattern for living primitive genus, for example, Engelhardia, South-western China and Northern Indo-China may be the birthplace of the most primitive Juglandaceous plants. It also can be seen that the primitive genera and the primitive sections of every genus in the Juglandaceae have mostly distributed in the tropics or subtropics. At the same time, according to the analysis of morphological characters, such as naked buds in the primitive taxa of this family, it is considered that this character has relationship with the living conditions of their ancestors. All the evidence seems to show that the Juglandaceae are of forest origin in the tropical mountains having seasonal drying period. B. The time of the origin The geological times of fossil records are analyzed. It is concluded that the origin of the Juglandaceae dates back at least as early as the Cretaceous period. C. The routes of despersal After the emergence of the Juglandaceous plant on earth, it had first developed and dispersed in Southern China and Indo-China. Under conditions of the stable temperature and humidity in North Hemisphere during the period of its origin and development, the Juglandaceous plants had rapidly developed and distributed in Eurasia and dispersed to North America by two routes: Europe-Greenland-North America route and Asia-Bering Land-bridge-North America route. From Central America it later reached South America. D. The formaation of the modern distribution pattern and reasons for this formation. According to the fossil records, the formation of two disjunct areas was not due to the origin of synchronous development, nor to the parallel evolution in the two continents of Eurasia and America, nor can it be interpreted as due to result of transmissive function. The modern distribution pattern has developed as a result of the tectonic movement and of the climatic change after the Tertiary period. Because of the continental drift, the Eurasian Continent was separated from the North American Continent, it had formed a disjunction between Eurasia and North America. Especially, under the glaciation during the Late Tertiary and Quaternary Periods, the continents in Eurasia and North America were covered by ice sheet with the exception of “plant refuges”, most plants in the area were destroyed, but the southern part of Eastern Asia remained practically intact and most of the plants including the Juglandaceae were preserved from destruction by ice and thence became a main centre of survival in the North Hemisphere, likewise, there is another centre of survival in the same latitude in North America and Central America. E. Finally, the probable evolutionary relationships of the genera of the Juglanda-ceae is presented by the dendrogram in the text.     

GIS analysis of the biogeography of beetles of the subgenus Anisodactylus (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: genus Anisodactylus)

The advent of GIS technology and the World Wide Web, respectively, facilitate analysing geographical relationships and electronically storing and exchanging biogeographic data. This paper illustrates GIS technology with a study of the subgenus Anisodactylus Dejean (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: genus Anisodactylus). Species are concentrated in three centres of biodiversity in North America and in four in lands near the western Mediterranean. These centres largely correspond to current areas of wetlands. Eurasia has fewer species than expected based on its area, probably because large portions have habitats unfavourable for the subgenus and/or are poorly collected for Carabidae. Members of the subgenus are primarily adapted to areas with January temperatures between ?10 and 10 °C, July temperatures from 10 to 30 °C and mean annual precipitation from 20 to 200 mm. Cold is apparently a major limiting factor because it typically occurs during several consecutive months of winter and is difficult to escape except by hibernation. Heat is less of a stress when moisture is sufficient. The size of geographical ranges is often larger in the North than in the South and correlates with the latitude of the centre of ranges at r =0.42 (level of significance=0.05). Geographic ranges are often smaller in western North America and in the western Mediterranean than elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Explanations for the smaller sizes include portions of western North America having unfavourable desert or montane habitats, the Rocky Mountains and deserts barring eastward dispersal of species, and the smaller size and more patchy distribution of climatic zones and habitats. In North America geographical ranges west of the Rocky Mountains are north–south elongated because they track primarily north–south orientated climatic zones and because mountains and deserts bar eastward extension. Ranges in north-eastern and north-central North America tend to extend east–west along temperature isotherms. In Eurasia many ranges are stretched east–west because of the shape of the continent and because many northern and southern areas lack suitable habitats. Species with relatively high numbers of apomorphic character states cluster in western Eurasia and to a lesser extent in western North America. The North American centres of biodiversity are post-Wisconsin phenomena while those near the western Mediterranean probably date from the Oligocene or Miocene.     

横断山区节肢蕨属的研究

文本报道了分布在横断山区域的节肢蕨属(Arthromeris)植物,已知12种,1变种;其中新种2个。讨论了该属在本区的地理水平和垂直分布,并初步探讨了在这一地区分布的种类和亚洲分布的种类之间的地理亲缘关系。     

青藏高原和喜马拉雅地区锦鸡儿属植物的地理分布

锦鸡儿属Caragana是一个典型的温带亚洲分布属。本属在青藏高原和喜马拉雅约有24种1变种,约占整个属的1／3。这些种类几乎全部处于演化高级阶段,且既有叶轴宿存类群,也有假掌状叶类群。反映出种的分化很活跃,在横断山地区形成本属的分布中心、分化中心。本区内绝大多数种类是特有分布。替代现象主要受气候、植被变化作用,沿横断山和喜马拉雅分布的长齿系Ser. Bracteolatae Kom．是一个典型的替代分布类群。锦鸡儿属植物生态适应性很强,可在其生长的灌丛中形成优势种。 寒化和旱化现象十分突出,它们有一系列森林种、草原种和荒漠种及相关的形态变异。用锦鸡儿属植物进行青藏高原和喜马拉雅区域内的分布区关系分析及最小生成树MST和特有性简约性分析(PAE),表明横断山地区特别是其北部是本属植物的一个地理结点。以此沿横断山向北部唐古特和西部藏东南适应性辐射。横断山和西喜马拉雅联系微弱,看不出植物长距离扩散的踪迹,大多是由于生态因子限制而产生的隔离。虽然本区不可能是锦鸡儿属的起源地,然而,通过本区与邻近地区的地理联系,可推测它们在我国适应性辐射方向是从东北向西南。结合豆科蝶形花亚科其它属化石记录及其分布区局限在温带亚洲等现象,认为锦鸡儿植物是一组特化、晚近衍生的类群,起源于北方东西伯利亚晚第三纪中新世后期至上新世。     

黄耆属簇毛黄耆亚属生物地理学研究

簇毛黄耆亚属的种类主要沿亚洲的“山链”分布,即横断山,喜马拉雅,查谟和克什米尔,帕米尔—阿赖,兴都库什和苏莱曼山脉,表达了东亚、西亚和中亚的植物区系地理关系。本文基于亚属的分布式样,对其8个分布区进行了分析生物地理学中的成分分析。结果表明,这8个分布区可划分为4类,即1)华北—东北;2)横断山和西藏;3)西喜马拉雅,西巴基斯坦,塔吉克斯坦;4)内蒙古—新疆。在本亚属的分布式样中,有两个地理“结点”,即横断山和西喜马拉雅,后者主要指克什米尔。推断地理上的衍进方向是由东向西发展,喜马拉雅是连接东西分布的通道。     

横断山区昆虫区系初探

1981—1984年,中国科学院青藏高原科学考察队在我国西南部的横断山区进行了大规模的多学科综合考察,收集昆虫标本17万多号.横断山区特殊的自然地理条件孕育着独特的昆虫区系.种类繁庶、成分复杂,特有种,尤其高山特有种相当丰富,物种分化显著,并具有地域上的狭布性,构成本区昆虫区系特征.作者根据古北、东洋、高山特有三种主要成分的分布,试提出古北、东洋两大区系在本区的分异界线.典型东洋区系成分一般限于海拔2,800—3,000m以下地区,约与亚热带常绿阔叶林分布上线一致.