板齿鼠线粒体DNA的研究

本文应用ＡｐａＩ、ＢａｍＨＩ、ＢｃｌＩ、ＢｇｌＩ、ＣｌａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＥｃｏＲＶ、ＨｉｎｄＩＩ、ＰｓｔＩ、ＰｖｕＩＩ、ＳａｃＩ、ＳｃａＩ和ＸｂａＩ等１３种限制性内切酶对板齿鼠线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）进行限制性片段长度多态（ＲＦＬＰ）分析,并用双酶解法构建其限制性内切酶图谱。结果表明板齿鼠存在３种ｍｔＤＮＡ单倍型,可通过限制酶ＰｖｕＩＩ、ＨｉｎｄＩＩ和ＡｐａＩ区分,呈现ＤＮＡ多态性和种内遗传变异。与小家鼠、褐家鼠ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性片段的数据相比较,板齿鼠和这两种鼠ｍｔＤＮＡ存在明显差异。板齿鼠ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性内切酶图谱的建立,为进一步系统研究鼠科动物的遗传分化提供了依据。     

褐家鼠线粒体DNA遗传多态性的研究

通过碱变性法提取线粒体ＤＮＡ,用地高辛标记的探针Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交限制性酶切多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）分析,研究中国家鼠Ｒａｔｔｕｓｎｏｒｖｅｇｉｃｕｓ遗传多态性。采用ＡｐａⅠ、ＡｖａⅠ、ＢａｎＨＩ、ＢｃｌⅠ、ＢｇｌⅠ、ＣｌａⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ｈｉｎｄⅢ、ＰｖａⅡ、ＳｃａⅠ和ＸｂａⅠ等１２种限制性内切酶分析来自我国８个地区２６只褐家鼠的线粒体ＤＮＡ,共检出２０种限制性态型和１１种ｍｔＤＮＡ单倍     

胡子鲇mtDNA多态性及限制性酶切图谱

用８种限制性内切酶对胡子鲇（ＣｌａｒｉａｓｆｕｓｃｕｓＬａｃｅｐｅｄｅ）肝脏线粒体ＤＮＡ（ＭｉｔｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｌＤＮＡ,ｍｔＤＮＡ）进行了分析。ＸｈｏⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＸｂａⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ在ｍｔＤＮＡ分子上分别有２、３、１、１、３和５个切点。胡子鲇种内存在ｍｔＤＮＡ酶切片段长度多态性（Ｒｅｓｔｒｉｃｔｉｏｎｆｒａｇｍｅｎｔｌｅｎｇｔｈｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍｓ,ＲＦＬＰ）。经ＢｇｌⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ酶解,ｍｔＤＮＡ都出现两种酶切类型,Ⅰ型各具２个片段,Ⅱ型各具１个片段。ｍｔＤＮＡ分子量为１０．２４２×１０６ｕ,长度约为１６．６８ｋｂ。用双酶解法建立了胡子鲇ｍｔＤＮＡ的限制性酶切图谱,并对ＲＦＬＰ现象进行了分析。     

猪獾和黄鼬mtDNA物理图谱及位点变异性初探

本实验用ＡｐａⅠ,ＢｇｌⅠ,ＢｇｌⅡ,ＣｌａⅠ,ＥｃｏＲⅠ,ＥｃｏＲⅤ,ＨｉｎｄⅢ,ＨｐｅⅠ,ＰｓｔⅠ,ＰｖｕⅠⅡ,ＳａｃⅠ,ＳａｌⅠ等１２种限制性内切酶分析猪獾和黄鼬的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性片段,并用双酶解法构建限制性内切酶图谱。结合以往积累的资料,我们对哺乳动物ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性位点在远缘物种间的保守性和变异性进行了初步讨论。     

树鼠mtDNA限制性内切酶图谱及其与小家鼠褐家鼠的新缘关系

本实验用Ａｐａ Ｉ,ＡＶａ Ｉ,Ｂａｍ ＨＩ＜ＢｃｌＩ,Ｃｌａ Ｉ,Ｅｃｏ ＲＩＥｃｏ ＲＶ,Ｈｐａ Ｉ,Ｐｓｔ Ｉ,Ｐｖｕ Ⅱ,ＳｃａＩ,ＸｂａＩ等１３种限制性内切酶分析树鼠的ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性片段长度多态性,并用双酶解法构建了其中８种酶的限制性内切酶图谱。根据限制性片段差异法和分子钟,计算并讨论树鼠和小家鼠、褐家鼠的ｍｔＤＮＡ遗传距离和亲缘关系。结果表明树鼠与褐家鼠的关系较接近,两者的分歧时间在     

海南黄牛和徐闻黄牛线粒体DNA的多态性及其品种分化关系

本文以ＡｐａⅠ、ＡｖａⅠ、ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｇｌⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＤｒａⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＨｐａⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳａｌⅠ、ＳｃａⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ等１４种限制性内切酶分析来自海南岛的海南黄牛和雷州半岛的徐闻黄牛的线粒体ＤＮＡ限制性片段长度多态性（ｍｔＤＮＡＡＲＦＬＰ）。结果只有一种限制性内切酶（ＳａｌⅠ）在海南黄牛中检测到多态性,并且其中的Ｃ型（１５．０,１．３）尚未见报道。我们的结果还显示,两个品种６个个体的ｍｔＤＮＡ基因单倍型全部表现为Ａ型,即瘤牛的血统。徐闻黄牛和海南黄牛ｍｔＤＮＡ极低的遗传变异度表明两个品种的亲缘关系很近,从而在分子生物学水平为其合称为雷琼黄牛提供了佐证。     

隼形目鹰科四种鸟类线粒体DNA研究

本实验采用ＡｐａＩ,ｆＢａｍＨＩ,ＢｇｉＩＩ,ＥｃｏＲＩ,ＥｃｏＲＶ,ＨｉｎｄⅢＨｐａＩ,ＫｐｎＩ,ＰｓｔＩ,ＰｒｕＩＩ,ＳａｌＩ,ＳｃａＩ,ＸｂａＩ和ＸｈｏＩ１４种限制性内切酶,对鹰科４种鸟类即雀鹰（Ａｃｃｉｐｉｔｅｒｎｉｓｕｓ）,松雀鹰（Ａ．ｖｉｒｇａｔｕｓ）苍鹰（Ａ．ｇｅｎｔｉｌｉｓ）和灰险鹰（Ｂｕｆｔａｔｕｒｉｎｄｉｃｕｓ）ｍｔＤＮＡ限制性片段长度多态分析。结果表明,４种鸟类中雀鹰和松１主     

团头鲂线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶图谱

用ＢａｍＨⅠ,ＢｇｌⅠ,ＢｇｌⅡ,ＥｃｏＲⅠ,ＨｐａⅠ,ＫｐｎⅠ,ＰｓｔⅠ,ＳａｃⅠＳａｌⅠ,ＸｂａⅠ,和ＸｈｏⅠ１１种限制性内切酶对团头鲂（ＭｅｇａｌｏｂｒａｍａａｍｂｌｙｃｅｐｈａｌａＹｉｈ）的线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）进行了单酶切,其切点数依次为２,３,２,３,３,１、０,１,０,０和０;经琼脂糖凝胶电泳测算出各酶切片断大小,得出团头鲂ｍｔＤＮＡ分子长约１６０２０±３５６碱基对（ｂｐ）,分子量６．３７×１０１８ｕ（原子质量）,构建了团头鲂ｍｔＤＮＡ的限制酶图。     

鲤鱼mtDNA酶切图谱的构建

采用密度梯度离心法及ＲＮａｓｅ消化法制备并纯化了鲤（ＧｙｐｒｉｎｕｓｃａｒｐｉｏＬｉｎｎａｅｕｓ）肝脏线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）,用１０种限制性内切酶对ｍｔＤＮＡ进行了分析,鲤鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ分子量约１０．１２×１０￣６,约１６．４９ｋｂ．ＳａｌⅠ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＸｂａⅠ、ＢｇｌⅠ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＸｈｏⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＤｒａⅠ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ分别为１、１、３、３、３、４、１、４、４、和６个切点。根据单酶解及双酶解结果,构建了鲤ｍｔＤＮＡ１０种具酶３０个切点的限制性酶切图谱。     

山羊品种间线粒体DNA限制性片段长度多态性研究

本试验利用ＡｐａⅠ、ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｃｌⅠ、ＢｇｌⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、ＣｌａⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＨａｅⅡ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＫｐｎⅠＰｓｔⅠ、ＰｖｕⅡ、ＳａｃⅠ、ＳａｌⅠ、ＳｍａⅠ和ＸｈｏⅠ计１８种限制性内切酶,研究了来自欧洲,非洲及国内的５个山羊品种共计３３只个体的ｍｔＤＮＡ,共检测了２７处限制性态型,可归结为８种单倍型。结果表明,国内２个百品种的基本单倍型为ＢａｍＨⅠ－Ａ,ＢｃｌⅠ－Ｂ、ＣｌａⅠ－Ａ     

小鼠肺静脉起源和肺静脉心肌的形成

目的探讨小鼠胚胎心脏静脉端肺静脉α-横纹肌肌节肌动蛋白（α-SCA）、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达特征,研究肺静脉起源及肺静脉心肌的形成。方法妊娠小鼠经乙醚麻醉,收集9—17天胎龄胚胎。对小鼠胚胎心脏进行石蜡连续切片,用抗α-SCA、抗α-SMA单克隆抗体对连续切片进行免疫组化PAP法染色。结果小鼠胚胎发育第11天,心背系膜内α-SCA、α-SMA表达皆阴性的内皮性肺静脉出现,肺静脉开口于原始房间隔左侧。小鼠胚胎发育第12天,肺静脉周围出现α-SCA、α-SMA阳性细胞。小鼠胚胎发育第12天以后,伴随肺静脉纵向延伸,α-SMA阳性细胞出现在肺静脉周围的间充质中,肺静脉周围α-SCA、α-SMA阳性细胞逐渐增多,在第12-13天之间增加最明显,小鼠胚胎发育至14、15d两种抗体表达至高峰。胚胎发育第16,17天,开口于左房发育渐成熟的肺静脉。α-SMA表达明显下降,α-SCA的表达还维持在较高水平。结论肺静脉不在静脉窦中发育,肺静脉始基和内皮性肺静脉与原始心房或左心房直接连接;肺静脉心肌来源于周围邻近的间充质细胞。     

COMPARTMENTS AND CELL FLOWS WITHIN THE MOUSE HAEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM

Two chromosomally distinguishable haemopoietic cell populations were injected into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients. The presence or absence of the T(14;15)6Ca reciprocal translocation (indicated by T6 marker chromosomes) did not affect the proliferation of a population. Wide disparities were found in the proportions of the two donor cell populations between animals and between the right and left femora of individual animals. This suggests (i) that there is, at most, a very limited interchange of proliferating cells and their precursors between the marrow of different bones; and (ii) that the number of clones proliferating in the bone marrow at any one time must be rather small; there was evidence that this number depended in part on the number of haemopoietic cells injected. Exchange between the mitotically active cell populations of spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow was also limited, as shown by significant disparities in the proportions of the two donor populations proliferating in the different tissues of individual mice.     

野生小家鼠与实验小白鼠杂交世代的血红蛋白电泳分析

两种基因型不同的亲本之间的杂交试验是遗传学家和育种工作者熟悉的手段。杂种优势通常在高度近交系间的杂交子代中是常见的,也是育种学家赖以培养新品种的依据。 实验小白鼠(Mus musculus albino)是从野生小家鼠(Mus musculus)培育而来的。Klein(1975)和Moriwaki等(1979)认为现在广泛应用的实验小白鼠很可能来源于中国和日本的小家鼠。但是这2种近亲系小鼠的杂交试验至今未见报道。     

POROUS SUBSTRUCTURE OF THE GLOMERULAR SLIT DIAPHRAGM IN THE RAT AND MOUSE

The highly ordered, isoporous substructure of the glomerular slit diaphragm was revealed in rat and mouse kidneys fixed by perfusion with tannic acid and glutaraldehyde. The slit diaphragm was similar in both animal species and appeared as a continuous junctional band, 300–450 Å wide, consistently present within all slits formed by the epithelial foot processes. The diaphragm exhibited a zipper-like substructure with alternating, periodic cross bridges extending from the podocyte plasma membranes to a central filament which ran parallel to and equidistant from the cell membranes. The dimensions and spacing of the cross bridges defined a uniform population of rectangular pores approximately 40 by 140 Å in cross section and 70 Å in length. The total area of the pores was calculated to be about 2–3% of the total surface area of the glomerular capillaries. Physiological data indicate that the glomerular filter functions as if it were an isoporous membrane which excludes proteins larger than serum albumin. The similarity between the dimensions of the pores in the slit diaphragm and estimates for the size and shape of serum albumin supports the conclusion from tracer experiments that the slit diaphragm may serve as the principal filtration barrier to plasma proteins in the kidney.