大豆对斜纹夜蛾幼虫抗性遗传的发展表达过程

采用植物数量性状遗传体系分离分析方法,通过4个感抗杂交组合研究了在网室人工接入斜纹夜蛾幼虫的条件下大豆抗斜纹夜蛾植株反应发育过程的遗传。不论P1、P2、F1、F2、F2：3多世代联合分析或单个分离世代分析,结果均表明大豆对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的抗性为两对主基因 多基因遗传模式。但在大豆生长发育的不同时期,随害虫数量的变化,其抗虫性遗传呈动态变化过程。在两对主基因充分表达日期,主基因的遗传率较高,达70.40%-99.21%,环境影响较小;多基因遗遗传率较低,为0.00%-22.29%。     

杀虫剂对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的毒力研究

室内浸叶法试验表明,三种害虫中斜纹夜蛾、小菜蛾对供试杀虫剂的敏感程度一般比甜菜夜蛾高。灭虫灵对小菜蛾有很高的潜力,LC50为0．09mg/L,甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾对灭虫灵敏度程度较低,LC50在150mg/L左右。除尽对甜菜夜蛾,毒死蜱对斜纹夜蛾毒力最高,LC50分别为1．48mg/L和0．49mg/L,除尽、锐劲特、抑太保对小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾都具有很高的毒力,可作为兼治这三种害虫的首选品种。     

斜纹夜蛾NPV对取食不同蔬菜的斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力差异

采用生物测定法,比较了斜纹夜蛾ＮＰＶ对取食芋叶等７科８种蔬菜的斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力反应差异性。结果表明ＮＰＶ对取食番茄叶的幼虫毒力最高,比取食芋叶的毒力高６．８２倍;但再经菜心饲养一代后,ＮＰＶ的毒力差异消失。     

UV-B胁迫提高斜纹夜蛾对绿僵菌的抗性研究

金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)是一种广谱的昆虫病原菌,可作为真菌杀虫剂防治多种害虫。绿僵菌与昆虫的相互作用十分复杂,诸多因素均可影响其侵染效果。本研究筛选出一株对斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litoptera)有较好杀虫效果的绿僵菌菌株,随后分析紫外线-B (UV-B)胁迫处理的斜纹夜蛾被真菌感染后的死亡率、血细胞数量、体内吞噬作用、血浆抗真菌活性等。结果表明,UV-B前期照射能显著降低斜纹夜蛾幼虫被绿僵菌侵染的死亡率。UV-B照射斜纹夜蛾幼虫0.5 h后用绿僵菌侵染处理4～8 h,免疫反应相关的指标明显增加。说明昆虫对昆虫病原真菌的敏感性受紫外线胁迫的影响,紫外线能改变昆虫体内的免疫反应,促使昆虫抵御病原真菌的侵染。     

芋对斜纹夜蛾的诱集作用

用 4个芋头品种在菜田进行斜纹夜蛾 (SpodopteralituraFabricius.)诱集试验 ,结果表明 ,香梗芋和槟榔芋诱集虫卵、幼虫效果最好 ,其它芋品种亦有一定的诱集效果 ;芋头与其它蔬菜种植面积比例为 1∶9、1∶3和 1∶1时 ,以 1∶9的综合防治效果最佳。     

广藿香酮对斜纹夜蛾的拒食作用研究

广藿香酮Pogostone,是一种新型的、被认为具有应用潜力的植物源杀虫活性物质。为探明广藿香酮的杀虫活性,本试验以斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura作为试虫,采用选择性和非选择性拒食活性测定法,在室内分别测定了不同浓度的广藿香酮对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性以及广藿香酮对不同龄期的斜纹夜蛾的拒食作用,研究结果表明,1 mg/mL、2 mg/mL、4 mg/mL、8 mg/mL、10 mg/mL的浓度下,广藿香酮对三龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食率分别为56.5%、62.24%、80.01%、82.40%、90.03%;非选择性拒食率分别为62.48%、71.78%、84.15%、86.35%、92.71%。浓度为4 mg/mL的广藿香酮对2龄、3龄、4龄、5龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食率分别为78.56%、80.25%、66.80%、40.35%;非选择性拒食活性分别为78.21%、83.02%、77.36%、40.24%。可见,浓度为4 mg/mL的广藿香酮对三龄斜纹夜蛾的拒食效果较好。     

安打对小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾的毒力及药效试验

“安打”是美国杜邦化学有限公司 ,近年来研制开发出的一种新型杀虫剂 ,2 0 0 1年来陆续进入浙江市场 ,据有关资料 ,该药和目前生产上常用农药的杀虫机理不同、杀虫谱广、药效高、毒性低。为了明确该药在蔬菜生产上的应用前景 ,作者以蔬菜上两大害虫小菜蛾 Plutella xy-lostella ( L )和斜纹夜蛾 Spodoptera litura ( Fabricius)为对象 ,进行了室内毒力测定及田间药效试验 ,现将结果报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 .1　供试药剂1 5.0 %安打 SC(美国杜邦化学有限公司生产 ) ;1 .0 %虫螨光 EC(德清拜克化学有限公司生产 ) ;1 0 .0 %除尽 SC(美…     

斜纹夜蛾药剂防治综合决策的研究

根据不同药剂对斜纹夜蛾的防治效果、防治工本费、对天敌的影响、防治后挽回的产量损失等资料,以净收益最大作为最优防治目标,运用优化理论和多目标决策方法,对11种药剂防治措施进行了综合分析。结果表明,在11种药剂防治措施中,以每667m^2施1．8％阿维菌素乳油16．7ml最优,其次是1．8％阿维菌素乳油25ml,20％氰戊菊酯乳油25ml,2．5％功夫乳油16．7ml,2．5％功夫乳油25ml,20％氰戊菊酯乳油50ml,4．5％高效氯氰菊酯乳油50ml,4．5％高效氯氰菊酯乳油25ml,50％辛硫磷乳油50ml,10％除尽悬浮剂16．7ml,10％除尽悬浮剂25ml,为合理地选择农药和用量提供了科学依据。     

斜纹夜蛾空间分布图式的研究

斜纹夜蛾幼虫在不同作物上的空间分布特征研究表明：幼虫在低龄阶段高度聚集,聚集的集团是成虫产卵的行为造成。在高龄阶段,聚集度下降,幼虫不断扩散,扩散的原因是密度制约因素引起。在白菜上,幼虫在4龄前为聚集分布,5龄以后为均匀分布,棉花和向日葵上各龄幼虫均为聚集分布。根据种群空间分布图式,导出了数据代换公式。     

OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用

本文以OB作为斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus,SpltNPV）的增效剂,对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫进行生物测定,结果表明,在0．25％-1．00％的浓度范围内,随着OB增效剂浓度的提高,其对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也随着提高,最高增效倍数达85．1倍;在2～4龄幼虫范围内,随着虫龄的增大,OB增效剂对斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒的增效作用也增加;而随着温度的升高,增效剂的增效作用无显著提高。     

Resistance in hybrid derivatives of Lycopersicon accessions against leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab.

Four tomato accessions, namely Ac 238, Roma, Seijima Jeisei and Varushanadu Local selected from preliminary screening of 321 accessions and their hybrid derivatives, namely HY₁F₁ (Varushanadu Local × Ac 238), HY₂F₁ (Varushanadu Local × Roma), HY₃F₁ (Ac 238 × Roma) (first generation), HY₁F₂, HY₂F₂ and HY₃F₂ (second generation) were evaluated for their resistance in comparison with a susceptible check, 1979 against the leaf caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. both under field and laboratory conditions at Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India. In the field evaluation, accession Seijima Jeisei and hybrid HY3F1 recorded the minimum larval population. In glasshouse and laboratory studies, Seijima Jeisei was the least preferred by S. litura for both feeding and oviposition. The hybrid HY₃F₁ exerted pronounced antibiosis effect on S. litura. Among the various biophysical and biochemical bases of resistance, contents of reducing sugar and phenol were found negatively correlated with S. litura larval feeding. Among the hybrids, HY₃F₁ and HY3F2 and the parent Seijima Jeisei recorded higher fruit yield per plant in both seasons. Considerable variation in the resistance traits of the hybrids was observed when compared with the parents.     

斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）的胚胎发育

本文利用实验胚胎学方法详细研究了斜纹夜蛾胚胎发育的全过程。结果表明：在２４±１℃的恒温条件下,仅需８７小时即可孵化出幼虫,同时证明了马氏管起源于外胚层。     

UVA对斜纹夜蛾SL细胞损伤研究

目的:研究了不同剂量长波紫外光(UVA)对斜纹夜蛾细胞(Spodoptera litura,SL)活力的影响及其机理。方法:四唑盐比色实验(MTT)法测定UVA对离体培养的SL细胞的细胞毒力;流式细胞术(FCM)检测UVA处理后SL细胞内活性氧水平(ROS)和线粒体膜电位变化;1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测UVA处理后SL细胞DNA损伤情况。结果:48 KJ/m2剂量UVA处理细胞后,细胞增殖抑制率明显上升,且增殖抑制率与UVA剂量呈正相关。12 KJ/m2UVA处理后2 h细胞内ROS水平显著升高,且与UVA剂量呈正相关。与2 h相比,相同剂量UVA处理后24 h和48 h的ROS水平有所降低。在144 KJ/m2剂量UVA处理下,细胞线粒体膜电位呈降低-恢复-再降低趋势。DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳表明,不超过144 KJ/m2剂量UVA对细胞DNA不出现细胞凋亡典型症状的DNA ladder。结论:24 KJ/m2UVA是进行SL细胞光活化研究的最佳实验剂量。     

Interaction of Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus with peritrophic matrix and Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus in Spodoptera litura

Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus (XcGV) was tested for its ability to increase Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SINPV) infection in larvae of S. litura (F.). The interaction of XcGV with peritrophic matrix and SINPV in S. litura also was studied to account for the synergism. In dose-response bioassays with a constant XcGV concentration of 5-mg/ ml capsules and SINPV concentration that varied from 10(3) to 10(7) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per larva, XcGV increased the virulence of SINPV infection in fifth instars of S. litura. The lethal concentration of 50% individuals (LC50) of SINPV combined with XcGV was 3.35 x 10(5)PIB/ml, which was significantly lower than that of SINPV alone (2.17 x 10(6)). Compared with 10(7) PIB/ml SINPV alone, the lethal time of 50% individuals (LT50) of 10(7) PIB/ml SINPV combined with XcGV was not significantly shortened. In addition, no significant improvement in the activity and killing speed of SINPV progeny was noted after propagation with XcGV, indicating that native characters of SINPV associated with viral potency were not altered by XcGV. Investigation via environmental scanning electronic microscopy showed that the peritrophic matrix (PM) of S. litura exposed to XcGV or XcGV enhancin, or the combination treatment, was markedly disrupted. The outer surface of the PM was loose, or ruptured, which potentially facilitated the passage of virions through the PM. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the synergy between XcGV and SINPV was closely associated with the disruption of the PM in S. litura.     

Resistance to selected organochlorin, organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid, in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Pakistan

The toxicity of the most commonly used insecticides of organochlorine, organophosphate, pyrethroid, and carbamate groups were investigated against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations collected for three consecutive years (2004-2006). For a chlorocyclodiene and pyrethroids tested, the resistance ratios compared with Lab-PK were in the range of 10- to 92-fold for endosulfan, 5- to 111-fold for cypermethrin, 2- to 98-fold for deltamethrin, and 7- to 86-fold for beta-cyfluthrin. For organophosphates and carbamates, resistance ratios were in the range of 3- to 169-fold for profenofos, 18- to 421-fold for chlorpyrifos, 3- to 160-fold for quinalphos, 6- to 126-fold for phoxim, 7- to 463-fold for triazophos, and 10- to 389-fold for methomyl and 16- to 200-fold for thiodicarb. Resistance ratios were generally low to medium for deltamethrin and beta-cyfluthrin and high to very high for endosulfan, cypermethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, quinalphos, phoxim, triazophos, methomyl, or thiodicarb. Pairwise comparisons of the log LC50 values of insecticides tested for all the populations showed correlations among several insecticides, suggesting a cross-resistance mechanism. Integration of timely judgment of pest problem, delimiting growing of alternate crops such as arum, rotation of insecticides with new chemicals, and insect growth regulators in relation to integrated pest management could help in manageable control of this important pest.     

Desensitization of fifth instar Spodoptera litura to azadirachtin and neem

The deterrence of azadirachtin, in its pure form and as a constituent of neem seed extract, to fifth instar Spodoptera litura (Fab.) larvae, was measured using cabbage, Brassica oleraceae (L.) var. capitata, leaf disc assays. Paired-choice assays, in which larvae could choose between feeding on a treated (1.3 ng azadirachtin per square cm leaf area) or an untreated leaf disc for 2 h, were conducted at 24 h intervals throughout the fifth instar. In addition, no-choice assays, in which larvae could feed on only one leaf disc (10 ng azadirachtin per square cm leaf area) for 1.5 h, were conducted consecutively over a six hour period at the beginning of the fifth instar. The effects of hunger and habituation on desensitization in our no-choice tests were partitioned. After repeated exposures, larvae became desensitized to pure azadirachtinal in both choice and no-choice tests, but did not desensitize to neem containing the same absolute amount of azadirachtin in choice tests. Hunger was responsible for approximately one third of the desensitization response in the no-choice tests. Sensitivity to azadirachtin was independent of age within the fifth instar.     

Two new isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis pathogenic to Spodoptera litura

Both the standard Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (HD-1) and the formulated commercial product resulted from this strain have shown limited pathogenicity against the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura). However, two new isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (K-2074 and K-2178) isolated from Taiwan have been identified through an active screening program to be highly pathogenic against the tobacco cutworm. In this paper, we present results of characterization and the pathogenicity of these two new isolates.     

棉铃虫、斜纹夜蛾无公害药剂防效筛选试验

室内和田间药效试验结果均表明,辛硫磷、病毒杀虫剂、氟虫脲、除尽和高氯·辛乳油对棉铃虫和斜纹夜蛾具有良好的防治效果,适于在瓜菜上使用,可在目前海南瓜菜生产中大量推广应用。     

Herbivore- and Elicitor- Induced Resistance in Groundnut to Asian armyworm,Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Induced defense was studied in three groundnut genotypes ICGV 86699 (resistant), NCAc 343 (resistant) and TMV 2 (susceptible) in response to Spodoptera litura infestation and jasmonic acid (JA) application. The activity of the oxidative enzymes [peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)] and the amounts other host plant defense components [total phenols, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein content] were recorded at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in JA pretreated (one day before) plants and infested with S. litura, and JA application and simultaneous infestation with S. litura to understand the defense response of groundnut genotypes against S. litura damage. Data on plant damage, larval survival and larval weights were also recorded. There was a rapid increase in the activities of POD and PPO and in the quantities of total phenols, H2O2, MDA and protein content in the JA pretreated + S. litura infested plants. All the three genotypes showed quick response to JA application and S. litura infestation by increasing the defensive compounds. Among all the genotypes, higher induction was recorded in ICGV 86699 in most of the parameters. Reduced plant damage, low larval survival and larval weights were observed in JA pretreated plants. It suggests that pretreatment with elicitors, such as JA could provide more opportunity for plant defense against herbivores.     

Dynamics of Zea mays transcriptome in response to a polyphagous herbivore,Spodoptera litura

Functional & Integrative Genomics - Zea mays defense response is well-crafted according to the physical and chemical weapons utilized by their invaders during the coevolutionary period. Maize...