EMOTIONS IN THE FIELD: WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?

In the anthropology of emotion, rival approaches – cultural relativism and a universalism based on common humanity or shared experience – imply different forms of engagement in the field. This article, a sceptical appraisal, suggests that ethnographers commonly fail to build the diversity of emotional practice into their accounts and have therefore provided a flawed basis for theorizing and comparison. With reference to two Indonesian cases – Nias and Java – I suggest that the domain of emotion is diversely bounded cross-culturally and is inconsistently constructed in particular contexts. This has critical implications for fieldwork methodology, cross-cultural comparison, and theories of human development.     

From Dust to Ashes: The Challenges of Difference

By attending to ways in which middle-class wives in Yogyakarta, Java, describe negotiating sentiments among family members (including children, maids and husbands), this article argues that domestic relations in middle-class homes in Java have been importantly inflected by state rhetoric on gender propriety and market ideas of work. As a result, both middle-class women and maids have come to conceive of emotion work as part of an array of domestic obligations central to social reproduction.     

Begomoviruses Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Tomato in Java,Indonesia*

We report that several begomoviruses are associated with tomato leaf curl disease in Java, Indonesia. Tomato plants with leaf curl symptoms were collected from Bandung (west Java), Purwokerto (central Java), Magelang (central Java) and Malang (east Java) of Indonesia, the major tomato‐growing areas of the country. Viruses were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with universal primers for the genus Begomovirus. PCR‐amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. Based on sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, the viruses were divided into three groups. With respect to amino acid (aa) identities of the N‐terminal halves of the coat proteins compared in this study, group I was most closely related to Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV) (97%), Ageratum yellow vein China virus‐[Hn2] (AYVCNV‐[Hn2]) (96%) and Ageratum yellow vein virus‐[Taiwan] (AYVV‐[Tai]) (95%), and ageratum‐infecting begomovirus from Java (99%). Group II had high sequence identity with a tentative species of tomato leaf curl Java virus (ToLCJAV) (96% aa) for the CP. Group III was most closely related to a proposed species of Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIDV) (90% aa identity) by its partial CP sequence.     

Anthropology and emotion

The centrality of emotion in thought and action is increasingly recognized in the human sciences, though basic questions of definition and scope remain unresolved. Where do emotions begin and end? How should we identify and analyse them? How should we write about them? Ethnographic fieldwork, as pioneered by Malinowski, offers powerful insights into the place of emotion in social life; but emotions are peculiarly difficult to capture in the generalizing format of case study and ethnographic summary. In this article I argue that semantic, structural, and discourse‐based approaches tend to miss what is most important – what counts for the persons concerned and therefore what makes the emotion. I review the conceptual and methodological issues and conclude that only a narrative approach can capture both the particularity and the temporal dimension of emotion, restoring verisimilitude and fidelity to experience.     

Designing for emotion (among other things)

Using computational approaches to emotion in design appears problematic for a range of technical, cultural and aesthetic reasons. After introducing some of the reasons as to why I am sceptical of such approaches, I describe a prototype we built that tried to address some of these problems, using sensor-based inferencing to comment upon domestic ‘well-being’ in ways that encouraged users to take authority over the emotional judgements offered by the system. Unfortunately, over two iterations we concluded that the prototype we built was a failure. I discuss the possible reasons for this and conclude that many of the problems we found are relevant more generally for designs based on computational approaches to emotion. As an alternative, I advocate a broader view of interaction design in which open-ended designs serve as resources for individual appropriation, and suggest that emotional experiences become one of several outcomes of engaging with them.     

Distribution and ecology of planktonic foraminifera from the seas around the Indonesian Archipelago

Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in 50 core-top samples from the western and southern areas of the Indonesian Archipelago and 29 core tops retrieved northwest of Australia were grouped using cluster analysis. These assemblages make it possible to sub-divide the studied area in five provinces: 1/ the Banda/Java region (I); 2/ the Timor region (II); 3/ the Java upwelling region (III); 4/ the Indian monsoon Sumatra region (IV), and 5/ the NW Australia margin region (V). The foraminiferal assemblage groups reflect differences in sea-surface temperature, salinity, thermocline depth, and nutrient supply between these five provinces. These differences are related to surface circulation patterns. The carbonate dissolution is rather intense compared to that in other areas of the eastern Indian Ocean. Within the studied area, the strongest dissolution occurs in samples from the Java upwelling region, with the lysocline level rising above ∼2800 m. The increase in abundance of Globigerina bulloides at 10–8 ka BP in core SHI-9034 (the Java upwelling region) corresponds to the decrease in core SHI-9006 (the Banda/Java region) which indicates an intensification of upwelling in relation to a strengthened southeastern monsoon over the studied area.     

What is emotion?

There is no consensus in the literature on a definition of emotion. The term is taken for granted in itself and, most often, emotion is defined with reference to a list: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. This article expands on a thesis that motivational states can be compared to each other by means of a common currency (Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. 270 (1975) 265-293). I have previously argued that this common currency is pleasure. Such a conclusion is based not on introspective intuition, as with early pre-scientific psychology (), but on experimental methods. As a follow-up to a definition of consciousness (Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 20 (1996) 33-40) as a four-dimensional experience (quality, intensity, hedonicity, and duration), I propose here that emotion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure).     

Why bodies? Twelve reasons for including bodily expressions in affective neuroscience

Why bodies? It is rather puzzling that given the massive interest in affective neuroscience in the last decade, it still seems to make sense to raise the question ‘Why bodies’ and to try to provide an answer to it, as is the goal of this article. There are now hundreds of articles on human emotion perception ranging from behavioural studies to brain imaging experiments. These experimental studies complement decades of reports on affective disorders in neurological patients and clinical studies of psychiatric populations. The most cursory glance at the literature on emotion in humans, now referred to by the umbrella term of social and affective neuroscience, shows that over 95 per cent of them have used faces as stimuli. Of the remaining 5 per cent, a few have used scenes or auditory information including human voices, music or environmental sounds. But by far the smallest number has looked into whole-body expressions. As a rough estimate, a search on PubMed today, 1 May 2009, yields 3521 hits for emotion × faces, 1003 hits for emotion × music and 339 hits for emotion × bodies. When looking in more detail, the body × emotion category in fact yields a majority of papers on well-being, nursing, sexual violence or organ donation. But the number of cognitive and affective neuroscience studies of emotional body perception as of today is lower than 20.Why then have whole bodies and bodily expressions not attracted the attention of researchers so far? The goal of this article is to contribute some elements for an answer to this question. I believe that there is something to learn from the historical neglect of bodies and bodily expressions. I will next address some historical misconceptions about whole-body perception, and in the process I intend not only to provide an impetus for this kind of work but also to contribute to a better understanding of the significance of the affective dimension of behaviour, mind and brain as seen from the vantage point of bodily communication. Subsequent sections discuss available evidence for the neurofunctional basis of facial and bodily expressions as well as neuropsychological and clinical studies of bodily expressions.     

安蕨属的分类与分布

1849年,捷克人Presl根据菲律宾产的一种蕨类植物Anisocampium cumingia-num Presl,建立了安蕨属Anisocapium Presl,几十年来未被各国植物学家(如Baker、Beddom、Makino、C.Christensen、Christ、Nakai、秦仁昌、Devol、Ohwi和Tagawa)所承认。1940年,Tard.-Blot et C.Chr.编写《印度支那植物通志》(Fl.Gen.Indo-Chine)时接受了安蕨属的概念。1947年,美国人Copeland研究东南亚蕨类植物时,也肯定了安蕨属是一个自然分类群。以后,     

Gene flow between Impatiens radicans and I. javensis (Balsaminaceae) in Gunung Pangrango, central Java, Indonesia

This study reports the natural hybridization of two species of Impatiens in the mountain forests of Gunung Gede-Pangrango, in central Java, Indonesia. Impatiens radicans, which inhabits the highest altitude zone in the mountains of this park, and I. javensis, which inhabits a zone of lower altitude, can be easily distinguished by their morphological features. However, some populations that inhabit regions between the two zones have characteristics that appear to be combinations of traits of I. radicans and I. javensis. Sequence analysis of the 800-bp nuclear ITS region and 449-bp plastid trnL-F locus demonstrated that hybridization between the two species has occurred, and suggests gene flow between the species.     

A Din of Whispers: The In-Group Manifestation of Sorcery in Rural Banyuwangi

In rural Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia, sorcery and the reprisals for it occur amongst neighbours, kin and acquaintances. When illness occurs following a dispute between these people, sorcery may be suspected. The people who identify and take action against the suspected sorcerer are usually the suspected sorcerer's own family members, neighbours or acquaintances. By describing an instance where malevolent magic occurs within rather than between social groups, I contribute to the documentation of instances of such in-group manifestations. I also analyse the implications of the fact that violence and suspicion, as much as solidarity and trust, may characterise relations among the people who are closest.     

Changing Places: Relatives and Relativism in Java

This article examines the social context of conceptual and moral relativism; more specifically, it explores links between religious orientation and experience in an ideologically plural setting. I argue that cultural models of 'changing places' serve to guide a number of Javanese practices: child–borrowing, gender–switching, language use, and even religious conversion. These models, formed in childhood experience, engender and express a relativism which is highly valued in rural Java.     

Development of Architectures for Internet Telerobotics Systems

This paper presents our experience in developing and implementing Internet telerobotics system. Internet telerobotics system refers to a robot system controlled and monitored remotely through the Internet. A robot manipulator with five degrees of freedom, called Mentor, is employed. Client-server architecture is chosen as a platform for our Internet telerobotics system. Three generations of telerobotics systems have evolved in this research. The first generation was based on CGI and two tiered architectures, where a client presents a Graphical User Interface to the user, and utilizes the user＇s data entry and actions to perform requests to robot server running on a different machine. The second generation was developed using Java. We also employ Java 3D for creating and manipulating 3D geometry of manipulator links, and for constructing the structures used in rendering that geometry, resulting in 3D robot movement simulation presented to the users （clients） through their web browser. Recent development in our Internet telerobotics includes object recognition through image captured by a camera, which poses challenging problem, giving the undeterministic latency of the Internet. The third generation is centered around the use of CORBA for development platform of distributed internet telerobotics system, aimed at distributing task of telerobotics system.     

Biogeographic variation in coral species diversity on coral reefs in three regions of Indonesia

Abstract . This paper assesses variation in coral species diversity within the Indonesian archipelago, and the influence of regional species pools, geomorphology and anthropogenic pollution on coral species diversity and occurrence. We obtained transects from 33 sites on 14 reefs in three regions of Indonesia: Ambon (Moluccas), South Sulawesi and the Java Sea. We determined the within‐site species richness by using species‐sampling curves. Cluster analysis and multi‐dimensional scaling showed that land‐based pollution was the primary determinant of coral species diversity and species occurrence on reefs. Relatively unaffected reference sites in eastern Indonesia were approximately 20% more diverse than Java Sea reference sites. Rare species formed a higher proportion of the coral fauna on eastern Indonesian sites, and eastern Indonesian apparent endemic species contributed approximately 25% of the total species pool sampled. Between‐site variation in species occurrence was lower on Java Sea reefs than on eastern Indonesian reefs. A larger species pool in eastern Indonesia than in the Java Sea probably accounted for most of the difference in within‐site species diversity between eastern Indonesian and Java Sea reference sites. High fishing intensity in the Java Sea, including destructive fishing practices, may have also contributed to reduced within‐site species diversity on Java Sea reference reefs. Despite the fact that the Java Sea was exposed during Pleistocene lowstands, and was recolonized by marine organisms only within the last 10 000 years, coral species diversity and assemblage composition on the Java Sea reefs was largely similar to open ocean reefs in eastern Indonesia.     

jmzML,an open‐source Java API for mzML,the PSI standard for MS data

We here present jmzML, a Java API for the Proteomics Standards Initiative mzML data standard. Based on the Java Architecture for XML Binding and XPath‐based XML indexer random‐access XML parser, jmzML can handle arbitrarily large files in minimal memory, allowing easy and efficient processing of mzML files using the Java programming language. jmzML also automatically resolves internal XML references on‐the‐fly. The library (which includes a viewer) can be downloaded from http://jmzml.googlecode.com .     

“Meganthropus” cranial fossils from Java

There are now twelve significant hominid cranial fossils from the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Java, all but two being from the Sangiran site. Most of this material is well-known in the literature, but three skulls, possibly representing “Meganthropus” are here described in detail for the first time. Most scholars have assigned them all toHomo erectus, while others have suggested that they represent as many as four different hominoid taxa. The author argues that they represent two possible species of hominids. “Meganthropus” I, II, and III are more massive than any of the knownH. erectus specimens. They are also relatively higher vaulted, apparently smaller brained, and have unusually thick lower occipital planes. “Meganthropus” may represent a species that separated fromH. erectus upon its arrival to Java.     

FPV: fast protein visualization using Java 3D

MOTIVATION: Many tools have been developed to visualize protein structures. Tools that have been based on Java 3D((TM)) are compatible among different systems and they can be run remotely through web browsers. However, using Java 3D for visualization has some performance issues with it. The primary concerns about molecular visualization tools based on Java 3D are in their being slow in terms of interaction speed and in their inability to load large molecules. This behavior is especially apparent when the number of atoms to be displayed is huge, or when several proteins are to be displayed simultaneously for comparison. RESULTS: In this paper we present techniques for organizing a Java 3D scene graph to tackle these problems. We have developed a protein visualization system based on Java 3D and these techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing the visualization component of our system with two other Java 3D based molecular visualization tools. In particular, for van der Waals display mode, with the efficient organization of the scene graph, we could achieve up to eight times improvement in rendering speed and could load molecules three times as large as the previous systems could. AVAILABILITY: EPV is freely available with source code at the following URL: http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~tcan/fpv/     

jmzIdentML API: A Java interface to the mzIdentML standard for peptide and protein identification data

We present a Java application programming interface (API), jmzIdentML, for the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) mzIdentML standard for peptide and protein identification data. The API combines the power of Java Architecture of XML Binding (JAXB) and an XPath-based random-access indexer to allow a fast and efficient mapping of extensible markup language (XML) elements to Java objects. The internal references in the mzIdentML files are resolved in an on-demand manner, where the whole file is accessed as a random-access swap file, and only the relevant piece of XMLis selected for mapping to its corresponding Java object. The APIis highly efficient in its memory usage and can handle files of arbitrary sizes. The APIfollows the official release of the mzIdentML (version 1.1) specifications and is available in the public domain under a permissive licence at http://www.code.google.com/p/jmzidentml/.     

Cognitive enhancement: promises and perils

The potential use of drugs to enhance cognition, emotion, and executive function has engendered controversy despite the fact that few such agents exist today. Here, I provide a context for discussions based on medical, regulatory, and ethical concerns that have been raised by the possibility that enhancers will emerge from current efforts to discover drugs for neuropsychiatric disorders.     

A Molecular Dynamics Computer Simulation Performance Comparison of Java Versus C

Abstract

The relative performance of molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations of fluids written in ANSI C is compared to that achieved by a comparable program written in Java. The performance of the Java program is shown to be dependent upon its runtime environment. The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) from the Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.2 provides a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler option on Solaris and Windows 95 platforms which decreases the execution time by approximately 4–10× compared to the standard Java interpreter. The compiled Java implementation of the MD computer simulation runs between 30–100% slower. depending on the platform, compared to the equivalent C implementation. The stability of the two simulations, as measured by conservation of energy is shown to be identical to within ～ 1% over 10⁵ time steps.