Effect of Genes Controlling Radiation Sensitivity on Chemically Induced Mutations in SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

The effect of 16 different genes (rad) conferring radiation sensitivity on chemically induced reversion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined. The site of reversion used was a well-defined chain initiation mutant mapping in the structural gene coding for iso-1-cytochrome c. High doses of EMS and HNO₂ resulted in decreased reversion of cyc1–131 in rad6, rad9 and rad15 strains compared to the normal RAD+ strains. In addition, rad52 greatly decreased EMS reversion of cyc1–131 but had not effect on HNO ₂-induced reversion; rad18, on the other hand, increased HNO ₂-induced reversion but did not alter EMS-induced reversion. When NQO was used as the mutagen, every rad gene tested, except for rad14 , had an effect on reversion; rad6, rad9, rad15, rad17, rad18, rad22, rev1, rev2 and rev3 lowered NQO reversion while rad1, rad2, rad3, rad4, rad10, rad12 and rad16 increased it compared to the RAD+ strain. The effect of rad genes on chemical mutagenesis is discussed in terms of their effect on UV mutagenesis. It is concluded that although the nature of the repair pathways may differ for UV- and chemically-induced mutations in yeast, a functional repair system is required for the induction of mutation by the chemical agents NQO, EMS and HNO₂.     

激光诱导杨树花粉单倍体植株的研究

用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光适宜剂量２０Ｊ．ｃｍ＾－２诱导杨树花药培养花粉单倍体植株及其无性系获得成功。     

基因枪轰击成熟花粉粒转化玉米的研究

利用基因枪轰击花粉粒再授粉的基因转化途径,将豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因（CpTI）成功导入玉米受体中。经卡那霉素筛选结果表明,非转化植株经1000ppm卡那霉素溶液处理后白化、死亡,余下大量健壮、可育的抗性植株,转化率约1．59％。通过对抗性植株进行PCR和PCR—Southern检测,初步确定CpTI基因已导入玉米基因组。饲虫实验结果表明转化植株具有较强的抗虫性。     

绿色杜氏藻异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶基因(DvIPI)的生物信息学与诱导表达分析

异戊烯基焦磷酸异构酶(isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase,DvIPI)是绿色杜氏藻中类胡萝卜素等萜类物质合成过程中甲羟戊酸途径(mevalonate pathway,MVA)通路上一个重要的限速酶。实验中获得绿色杜氏藻IPI基因的全长序列(Gen Bank序号:KX189195),该基因全长4 641 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 147 bp,编码382个氨基酸,并含有3个CBS结构域。蛋白质预测结果表明,DvIPI分子呈亲水性,不含信号肽,也不存在跨膜区域;同时,DvIPI中α-螺旋所占比例最高,中部呈现不规则的扭曲缠绕,两边各自有一个扭曲的多肽链单独远离中心。系统进化树分析显示,DvIPI与细菌IPI亲缘关系较近,而与被子植物以及其他藻类IPI亲缘关系较远。定量检测结果与RT-PCR结果表明,茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,Me JA)浓度为50~100μmol/L时,对绿色杜氏藻类中类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素含量以及绿色杜氏藻IPI基因表达水平的影响最为明显,且三者的变化趋势基本一致,推测Me JA对绿色杜氏藻类中类胡萝卜素、叶绿素的诱导作用可能与绿色杜氏藻类IPI基因有关。     

Heat-Induced Expression and Chemically Induced Expression of the Escherichia coli Stress Protein HtpG Are Affected by the Growth Environment

Differences in expression of the Escherichia coli stress protein HtpG were found following exposure of exponentially growing cells to heat or chemical shock when cells were grown under different environmental conditions. With an htpG::lacZ reporter system, htpG expression increased in cells grown in a complex medium (Luria-Bertani [LB] broth) following a temperature shock at 45°C. In contrast, no HtpG overexpression was detected in cells grown in a glucose minimal medium, despite a decrease in the growth rate. Similarly, in pyruvate-grown cells there was no heat shock induction of HtpG expression, eliminating the possibility that repression of HtpG in glucose-grown E. coli was due to catabolite repression. When 5 mM phenol was used as a chemical stress agent for cells growing in LB broth, expression of HtpG increased. However, when LB-grown cells were subjected to stress with 10 mM phenol and when both 5 and 10 mM phenol were added to glucose-grown cultures, repression of htpG expression was observed. 2-Chlorophenol stress resulted in overexpression of HtpG when cells were grown in complex medium but repression of HtpG synthesis when cells were grown in glucose. No induction of htpG expression was seen with 2,4-dichlorophenol in cells grown with either complex medium or glucose. The results suggest that, when a large pool of amino acids and proteins is available, as in complex medium, a much stronger stress response is observed. In contrast, when cells are grown in a simple glucose mineral medium, htpG expression either is unaffected or is even repressed by imposition of a stress condition. The results demonstrate the importance of considering differences in growth environment in order to better understand the nature of the response to an imposed stress condition.     

羊驼显性白毛调控KIT基因的分子克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

为研究羊驼显性白毛调控基因的结构特点及体外表达产物的生物活性,利用RT-PCR技术,首次从羊驼皮肤组织中扩增出羊驼KIT基因exon10-14 cDNA编码序列。结果表明:羊驼KIT基因exon10-14 cDNA长414bp,包括30 bp的exon10、127 bp的exon11、125 bp的exon12、91 bp的exon13和41 bp的exon14(全长151 bp),编码含138个氨基酸残基的蛋白;羊驼与牛、羊、猪、人、马等相比,核苷酸的同源性分别为94%、93%、93%、92%、92%,氨基酸的同源性均大于97%。构建了原核表达载体pET-32a( )-KIT,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,在异丙基硫代半乳糖苷诱导下表达KIT蛋白。结果表明:羊驼KIT基因在大肠杆菌中进行了高效特异性融合表达,融合蛋白分子量约为36 kD,目的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的20%。     

纳豆激酶基因在大肠杆菌中活性表达的比较研究

实现纳豆激酶基因 (nattokinasegene)在大肠杆菌中高活性表达 ,并说明前肽 ( pro序列 )对纳豆激酶的活性表达必不可少。以纳豆芽孢杆菌基因组DNA为模板 ,采用PCR方法分别扩增编码信号肽、前肽及成熟肽的序列 ( pre pro NK)和编码前肽、成熟肽的序列 (pro NK) ,构建了大肠杆菌表达质粒 pTYB1 0 1 ,pTYB1 0 2 ,转化大肠杆菌ER2 5 66。在IPTG诱导下 ,分别在 1 5℃ ( 1 4h) ,3 0℃ ( 3h)和 3 7℃ ( 2h)培养。结果可见 ,pTYB1 0 2能表达有活性的纳豆激酶。SDS PAGE表明 ,1 5℃表达杂蛋白更少。薄层扫描显示表达的纳豆激酶占菌体总蛋白的 3 0 %以上。成功制备了表达纳豆激酶的工程菌。     

Effect of Recombinant hPTEN Gene Expression on PDGF Induced VSMC Proliferation

Human phosphatase and tensin homolog (hPTEN) gene was expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to study its effect on VSMC proliferation induced in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) conditioned medium. After G418 selection, MTT assay was conducted to examine transfected VSMC proliferation induced in human PDGF conditioned medium. We successfully constructed eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA4/myc-His-PTEN and transferred into VSMC cells. We report that in vitro proliferation of VSMC was inhibited in PTEN transfected VSMCs induced in PDGF conditioned medium. RT-PCR and Western blot results indicated significantly high levels of protein kinase B-PKB and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA and protein, respectively, in PDGF group as compared with the control group.     

Inducible and Reversible Lentiviral and Recombination Mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) Systems for Controlling Gene Expression

Manipulation of gene expression to invoke loss of function (LoF) or gain of function (GoF) phenotypes is important for interrogating complex biological questions both in vitro and in vivo. Doxycycline (Dox)-inducible gene expression systems are commonly used although success is often limited by high background and insufficient sensitivity to Dox. Here we develop broadly applicable platforms for reliable, tightly controlled and reversible Dox-inducible systems for lentiviral mediated generation of cell lines or FLP Recombination-Mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) into the Collagen 1a1 (Col1a1) locus (FLP-In Col1a1) in mouse embryonic stem cells. We significantly improve the flexibility, usefulness and robustness of the Dox-inducible system by using Tetracycline (Tet) activator (Tet-On) variants which are more sensitive to Dox, have no background activity and are expressed from single Gateway-compatible constructs. We demonstrate the usefulness of these platforms in ectopic gene expression or gene knockdown in multiple cell lines, primary neurons and in FLP-In Col1a1 mouse embryonic stem cells. We also improve the flexibility of RMCE Dox-inducible systems by generating constructs that allow for tissue or cell type-specific Dox-inducible expression and generate a shRNA selection algorithm that can effectively predict potent shRNA sequences able to knockdown gene expression from single integrant constructs. These platforms provide flexible, reliable and broadly applicable inducible expression systems for studying gene function.     

基因表达谱芯片杂交影响因素的初步研究

通过对K562细胞基因表达谱芯片杂交影响因素的研究表明,用限制性显示技术制备的cDNA探针长度较均一,适合基因芯片杂交;在42℃条件下含甲酰胺的杂交液中杂交16．20h,可保证样品的有效杂交。并表现出很好的杂交特异性;用RD-PCR或线性PCR对少量样品进行扩增,并用荧光(Cy3或Cy5)标记的通用引物对样品进行标记,可提高芯片检测的灵敏度;一次杂交反应总RNA的用量仅需0．5～10μg,在每cm^2约含1000～1500个点的阵列中杂交时,标记样品用量1～2μg为宜;用PCR产物纯化柱对荧光标记产物进行纯化,可大大减小背景荧光,提高信噪比;同一批芯片经同一样品杂交结果的重复性很好,相关系数高达97．8％     

小麦苗期水分胁迫诱导差异表达cDNA的研究

以小麦幼苗为材料 ,采用mRNA差异显示方法和银染技术 ,对经过用 16 % (- 0 .5MPa)PEG - 6 0 0 0溶液处理不同时间而诱导表达的小麦基因进行分离 ,共得到cDNA差异片段 5 2条。经ReverseNorthern验证 ,检出阳性表达片段 15个 ,克隆并测序。经GenBank查询 ,11个片段序列与已知序列有较高的同源性 ,4个片段同源性非常低 ,可能为新基因。     

Knockdown of Unconventional Myosin ID Expression Induced Morphological Change in Oligodendrocytes

Myelin is a special multilamellar structure involved in various functions in the nervous system. In the central nervous system, the oligodendrocyte (OL) produces myelin and has a unique morphology. OLs have a dynamic membrane sorting system associated with cytoskeletal organization, which aids in the production of myelin. Recently, it was reported that the assembly and disassembly of actin filaments is crucial for myelination. However, the partner myosin molecule which associates with actin filaments during the myelination process has not yet been identified. One candidate myosin is unconventional myosin ID (Myo1d) which is distributed throughout central nervous system myelin; however, its function is still unclear. We report here that Myo1d is expressed during later stages of OL differentiation, together with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). In addition, Myo1d is distributed at the leading edge of the myelin-like membrane in cultured OL, colocalizing mainly with actin filaments, 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and partially with PLP. Myo1d-knockdown with specific siRNA induces significant morphological changes such as the retraction of processes and degeneration of myelin-like membrane, and finally apoptosis. Furthermore, loss of Myo1d by siRNA results in the impairment of intracellular PLP transport. Together, these results suggest that Myo1d may contribute to membrane dynamics either in wrapping or transporting of myelin membrane proteins during formation and maintenance of myelin.     

拟南芥肌动蛋白解聚因子4基因(AtADF4)在烟草中表达引起植株形态变化

用PCR方法从拟南芥基因组DNA中分离克隆肌动蛋白解聚因子基因（AtADF4）,并进行了序列分析。通过农杆菌介导转化将AtADF4导入烟草,PCR和RT—PCR检测证明AtADF4已整合到烟草基因组中并得到表达。转基因烟草幼苗下胚轴的弯曲度在暗培养与光照培养条件下均比对照的大,暗培养条件下下胚轴弯曲程度较高;下胚轴薄壁细胞壁比对照大,维管束排列不整齐;根毛稀少弯曲,而对照根毛密集且直;转基因烟草开花时间比对照平均延迟了7～8d,花粉萌发时花粉管比对照粗短。     

通过非甲醇诱导游离型表达载体改善毕赤酵母中β-半乳糖苷酶表达

β-半乳糖苷酶是一种重要的食品工业用酶,目前主要通过毕赤酵母甲醇诱导型表达系统进行生产,但甲醇的使用存在火灾、残留毒性等安全隐患,已逐渐成为食品工业用酶生产中备受关注的问题之一.为满足β-半乳糖苷酶安全生产的需要,本研究利用强组成型启动子PGCW14和源自酵母的自我复制序列PARS构建了一种新型非甲醇诱导游离型表达载体pGCW14ZαA-PARS,并且在此基础上分别构建了非甲醇诱导游离型重组表达菌株KM71/pGCW14ZαA-PARS-Aoβ-GAL,用以改善米曲霉Aspergillus Oryzae RIB40(ATCC42149)来源的β-半乳糖苷酶基因(Aoβ-GAL)在毕赤酵母中的表达.实验结果表明,该非甲醇诱导游离型表达载体在毕赤酵母中传代培养90代后仍保持83.22％的遗传稳定性,完全能够满足工业上大规模生产的需要.在10％流速补充碳源的条件下,非甲醇诱导游离表达菌株KM71/pGCW14ZαA-PARS-Aoβ-GAL经高密度发酵的最高酶活性和比活性分别为126.4 U/mL和26.2 U/mg,分别是传统甲醇诱导型表达菌株KM71/pPIC9k-Aoβ-GAL的1.94倍和3.12倍,且发酵周期缩短了36h.可见,本研究构建的非甲醇诱导游离型表达载体可有效改善β-半乳糖苷酶在毕赤酵母中的表达,且在食品工业用酶的安全、高效工业化生产中具有一定的应用前景.     

反义trxs基因对转基因小麦种子内源trxh基因表达的影响

以转反义硫氧还蛋白基因(anti-trxs)株系01TY70-1-17-5及其对照小麦品种‘豫麦70’为试验材料,以小麦中稳定表达的肌动蛋白基因actin为内标,用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应(semi-QRT-PCR)方法,对转基因株系及其对照种子中trxh基因时空表达情况进行了检测。检测结果表明,花后15~30d转基因株系trxh基因转录量平均比对照下降了20.1%,花后25d显著低于对照(P<0.05);胚乳trxh基因转录量最低,平均比对照低19.4%;种子吸涨24h时间内,转基因株系trxh基因转录量较对照均略低,但差异不显著。表明,外源trxs基因的导入直接干扰了内源基因的表达。     

DREB2s转录因子基因的表达调控机制研究进展

DREB2s是植物特有的转录因子,隶属于AP2/EREBP转录因子家族,对干旱、高盐或低温、高温等非生物胁迫应答基因的表达有重要的调控作用。不同植物来源的DREB2在基因结构上有细微差异,对非生物胁迫的响应亦有不同表现。本文阐述了DREB2s的蛋白质结构特征及其对多种非生物胁迫的应答反应,并深入分析了DREB2s转录水平和转录后加工水平的表达调控分子机制的最新研究进展,为理解DREB2s基因功能、分子调控机制及作物抗逆基因工程提供理论依据。     

体细胞胚胎发生相关类受体蛋白激酶基因(SERK)的研究进展

植物体内存在一个编码富亮氨酸重复受体蛋白激酶、与体细胞胚胎发生相关的类受体蛋白激酶基因(SERK)大家族,其在旱期胚胎、小孢子、成熟胚珠和维管组织中表达.文章从SERK的结构、编码的蛋白、基因表达、功能以及信号转导介绍了SERK的研究进展.