改性黄原胶酯化条件的优化及结构的表征

为了提高黄原胶的速溶性和粘度,将黄原胶进行改性处理。将黄原胶与马来酸酐进行酯化反应,探讨了黄原胶与马来酸酐摩尔比、反应时间和反应温度等因素的影响,以取代度为指标,利用响应面方法确定,该酯化反应的最优条件为:黄原胶与马来酸酐摩尔比1∶11.5、反应时间24.4 h、反应温度66℃。对改性黄原胶进行红外光谱、光散射和X-射线衍射等结构表征,表明酯化改性成功,且进一步解释了速溶性和粘度提高的原因。改性黄原胶细胞毒性实验,显示无毒性。结果表明,改性黄原胶的速溶性和粘度有很大提高,0.2%改性黄原胶的速溶性和粘度较对照提高了近3倍,在食品、药品等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

复合改性提高大豆分离蛋白功能性的研究

目的:利用中性蛋白酶和谷氨酰胺转胺酶(TG)对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)进行复合改性,探讨对其功能性的影响。方法:通过单因素和正交实验以及电泳分析,研究了中性蛋白酶和TG对SPI的影响趋势。结果:中性蛋白酶作用的最佳工艺条件为温度60℃、时间0.5h、pH7.0、酶用量4000U/g,SPI溶解性可达97.9%。结论:经中性蛋白酶作用后,再经过TG改性,所得的聚合物不仅有很大的相对分子质量,还可以改善SPI的溶解性,并且乳化性、发泡性均有提高。     

NKC-9干氢型树脂催化合成油酸甲酯

采用强酸性阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,对油酸和甲醇反应合成油酸甲酯的工艺进行研究。分别筛选了4种型号的树脂,其中以NKC-9干氢型树脂催化效果最好。考察了酸醇摩尔比、反应温度、催化剂用量、脱水剂用量、反应时间和催化剂重复使用性等因素对转化率的影响。结果表明:反应的适宜条件为酸醇摩尔比1∶2,反应温度70℃,催化剂用量为油酸质量的50%,脱水剂无水CaCl2用量为催化剂用量的10%,反应时间2 h。在此条件下,转化率可达93.85%。催化剂重复使用6次后转换率仍保持在90%以上。研究显示,采用NKC-9干氢型树脂催化合成油酸甲酯具有良好的工业应用潜力。     

菜子油酸的环氧化研究

以732型强酸性阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,对菜子油酸的环氧化反应作了研究,考察了反应温度、H_2O_2浓度、催化剂用量、不同有机酸及DBP有机介质对环氧化的影响.研究结果表明:较适宜的反应温度为50℃,催化剂用量为菜子油酸重量的10%～15%,所使用H_2O_2的浓度应高于30%.在DBP的保护下,产物最高环氧值可达3.3%.     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化银杏中种皮总黄酮

通过静态吸附、静态解吸及吸附动力学研究,对比分析了AB-8、DM-130、S-8等三种大孔吸附树脂对银杏中种皮提取液中总黄酮的分离纯化效果,并且考察和优化了AB-8和DM-130分离纯化银杏中种皮总黄酮的工艺条件.结果表明,弱极性树脂AB-8和DM-130的吸附率分别为87.72%和86.29%、解吸率为97.52%和92.20%,是性能良好的总黄酮吸附剂; 二种树脂的静态吸附曲线变化趋势一致,6 h左右达到吸附平衡,最佳吸附条件:吸附液pH=3.0,树脂用量:吸附液=1:20,吸附温度40 ℃,洗脱剂70%乙醇;动态解吸研究显示,7倍和9倍体积洗脱剂可分别将AB-8与DM-130树脂柱吸附的总黄酮基本洗脱.在优化的工艺条件下,AB-8大孔树脂纯化可使提取物中总黄酮含量达16.3%.     

魔芋接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

本实验以魔芋精粉为基体,环己烷为连续相,Span-60为分散剂,硝酸铈铵为引发剂、用反相悬浮聚合法合成魔芋-丙烯酸高吸水性树脂。研究了多种因素对接枝共聚物吸水性能的影响。结果表明:反应时间为2 h、魔芋精粉与丙烯酸质量比为1∶5、交联剂用量为物料质量的0.04%、引发剂为3×10-3mol/L、丙烯酸中和度为60%、反应温度为70℃时,接枝共聚物吸水性能最优。并通过对接枝产物的红外图谱分析,证实了反应的可行性。     

马来海松酸铜的合成及表征

本文以马来海松酸酐和醋酸铜为原料,合成了马来海松酸铜.研究了马来海松酸与醋酸锌的摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度对反应过程的影响.通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDAX)和X-射线衍射(XRD)等对产物进行了分析和表征.结果表明:当马来海松酸和醋酸铜摩尔比为1∶4、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为5h时,产率可达97％以上.马来海松酸铜属于三维网状化合物,产物中的-COO-与Cu2发生了化学键合.同时拓宽了松香的应用范围,提高了松香的附加值.     

香菇柄松加工工艺研究

以香菇柄柄为原料,通过单因素试验及正交试验,探讨香菇柄松加工中主要工艺参数的最佳组合及辅料的最佳用量。结果表明:辅料添加量的最佳配比为:白砂糖5%、酱油6%、食盐1.5%;工艺参数的最佳组合为:预煮温度温度60℃、初烘温度70℃、初烘含水量30%～40%,打松时间3 min,复烘温度80℃。制得的产品含水量在18%以下,产品色泽浅黄褐色,外观呈松散的絮状,具有浓郁的香菇风味。     

微波辐射一步法合成香料富马酸二苄酯的研究

目的:在微波辐射下,以顺丁烯二酸酐和苄醇为原料,在复合催化剂对甲苯磺酸-硫脲存在下以甲苯为带水剂一步合成了富马酸二苄酯.方法:通过熔点测定和红外光谱分析对产物进行了结构表征.采用正交试验法研究了反应物的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、辐射反应时间等对产物收率的影响.结果:实验结果表明,在微波功率为700W,n(顺丁烯二酸酸酐):n(苄醇)=1:5,复合催化剂用量为总投料量的7%,甲苯20mL,一酯化、转化、二酯化的温度分别为140℃、145℃、135℃,回流分水90min的条件下,富马酸二苄酯的收率可达92.50%.结论:采用微波辐射法复合催化合成富马酸二苄酯具有操作简便、反应时间短、产物收率高等特点.     

亚麻籽胶-紫花苜蓿叶蛋白改性物的制备及乳化性能研究

利用亚麻籽胶(flaxseed gum, FG)对紫花苜蓿叶蛋白(alfalfa leaf protein concentrates, ALPCs)进行糖基化改性,以乳化性为考察指标,通过BOX-Behnken响应面优化得最佳反应条件为:pH=8.0、底物配比[m(ALPCs)∶m(FG)]为1∶1、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为124 min。此时的乳化性最显著达200.78 m~2/g,与未改性的蛋白相比乳化性提高了12.20%,乳化稳定性提高了31.83%,此时接枝度达23.9%。并对复合物(ALPCs-FG)进行红外、粒径、扫描电镜结构分析,结果为:制备的ALPCs-FG复合物中含有糖环结构,晶粒尺寸变大且结晶结构越来越趋于无定形。表明糖基化修饰可以显著提高ALPCs-FG的乳化性和乳化稳定性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.