实时荧光定量检测中国实验用小型猪肝脏CYP3A29 mRNA表达水平

CYP3A29是猪肝脏最重要的药物代谢关键酶。研究中国实验用小型猪肝脏CYP3A29 mRNA的表达特性对于评估其是否适宜于作为人CYP3A4介导的药理学研究动物模型具有一定意义。以b-actin作校正, 利用TaqMan定量技术对巴马香猪、贵州小型香猪肝脏CYP3A29 mRNA表达水平进行检测, 并以荣昌猪作为对照。结果表明, 巴马香猪、贵州小型香猪、荣昌猪肝脏CYP3A29 mRNA表达水平与报道的人肝脏CYP3A4相近; 三品系(种)猪间肝脏CYP3A29 mRNA表达水平较为接近, 但品系(种)内个体间变异较大。提示巴马香猪、贵州小型香猪作为药物评价的实验动物具有一定可行性。     

三品系小型猪35个微卫星基因座的遗传学研究

利用35个微卫星基因座对中国三个品系的小型猪（贵州小型香猪、广西巴马小型猪、版纳小耳猪近交系）进行了遗传检测。计算出三个小型猪品系个体样本在35个微卫星基因座的纯合率,并对其进行t检验。计算出各品系的平均杂合度,多态信息含量（PIC）及品系间的遗传距离,并进行了系统聚类。结果表明三个品系的小型猪其基因纯合率均较高,其中版纳小耳猪近交系的基因纯合率最高;PIC和平均杂合度均较低;贵州小型香猪和广西巴马小型猪亲缘关系较近,并均与版纳小耳猪近交系的亲缘关系略远。 Abstract：The polymorphism of 35 microsatellites in the three miniature pig breeds in China(Guizhou miniature pig, Guangxi Bama miniature pig, Banna miniature pig inbred) was analysed. Rates of homozygote for 35 microsatellite loci in three miniature pig breeds were calculated,and t-test for them were performed. Mean heterozygosity and polymorphism information content(PIC) were calculated for all breeds, and genetic distances between these breeds were estimated. The dendrograms were obtained based on genetic distances. The results suggest that rates of homozygote in the three breeds are all high, and that is the highest in Banna miniature pig inbred. The results also suggest that polymorphism information content and mean heterozygosity in all the three breeds are low, and the genetic relationship between Guizhou miniature pig and Guangxi Bama miniature pig is closer than their relationship with Banna miniature pig inbred.     

Atherosclerosis Induced by a High-Cholesterol and High-Fat Diet in the Inbred Strain of the Wuzhishan Miniature Pig

Coronary artery disease has a significant genetic predisposition, which mainly results from atherosclerosis. Miniature pig is an excellent model to investigate atherosclerosis. This study investigated whether the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis in the Wuzhishan miniature pigs (WZSPs) that were closely bred 12 generations had better consistency. The WZSPs (n?=?9) were fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet (HCFD). After continuous feeding, 3 WZSPs each were sacrificed at 6, 8, and 12 months, respectively, and the general clinical manifestations and serological indexes were detected. The pathological changes of the major arteries and main organs were recorded. The results showed WZSPs were quite susceptible to the HCFD. At 6 months, plaque lesions appeared in the abdominal aorta and iliac artery, while at 8 months, they appeared in the coronary artery. At 12 months, atherosclerotic lesions could be found in all major arteries, while lipid core, cholesterol precipitation, and calcium deposition appeared in the most serious sites. The progression of arterial lesions and distribution of the lesions were highly consistent in the pigs. However, apparent variations in serum markers were observed. In conclusion, inbred WZSP is a good model to investigate atherosclerosis and has good predictability for the occurrence and development of the disease.     

贵州小型香猪和广西巴马小型猪微卫星位点的遗传学分析

利用35个微卫星位点对贵州小型香猪,广西巴马小型猪的封闭群进行了遗传检测,计算出两个小型猪品系个体样本微卫星位点的平均杂合度,多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等效基因数及品系间的遗传距离。结果表明两个品系的小型猪平均杂合度和PIC均较低,有效等效基因数与实测等位基因数较接近,也表明两品系均有稳定的遗传;两者的遗传距离表明贵州小型香猪和广西巴马小型猪亲缘关系较近,同时表明两者已分别成为两个猛增的封闭群动物。     

海南五指山猪遗传多样性的微卫星分析

海南五指山猪(Wuzhishan pig)是我国珍稀的小型猪品种。它的解剖学、生理学、疾病发生机理等都与人类极其相似,具有重要的应用价值,可用于心血管病、皮肤烧伤和新药评价等许多方面的研究。作者利用多重PCR和基因扫描技术对五指山猪32个微卫星基因座进行了遗传检测。统计了全群、核心群和近交群的等位基因组成,并计算了它们的平均纯合率、多态信息含量(PIC)和平均杂合度。结果显示,全群、核心群和近交群32个基因座的平均等位基因数分别为14.590个、9.410个、13.660个,平均基因纯合率分别为44%、44.3%、44%,平均PIC分别为0.742、0.708、0.731,平均杂合度分别为0.560、0.558、0.559。这表明海南五指山猪虽然遗传基础比较稳定,但仍具有较大的遗传变异。上述结果对于海南五指山猪的保种、定向选育、开发利用都具有重要的指导意义。     

The cellular basis of wing size modification in Drosophila: The effects of the miniature gene,crowding, and temperature

To elucidate the mechanisms whereby genes and environment influence wing size, we investigated the effects of various rearing temperatures and larval crowding conditions on the wings of the mutant miniature and wild-type fruit flies. In adults we monitored wing size, cell number, wing thickness, cell density; in larval imaginal discs we looked for cell death. Cell density was inversely proportional to wing size. Of particular interest was the finding that smaller wings tend to be thicker. Electron microscope studies showed that the miniature wing layers are grossly abnormal. We hypothesize that these abnormalities are due to abnormal cell flattening of the wing epithelial cells, and we conclude that gene and environmental effects on cell flattening may be an important component in determining cell density and hence organ size.     

睡莲微型化栽培试验

睡莲属(Nymphaea)是水生植物睡莲科(Nymphaeaceae)的一个重要属。自古以来成为我国湖、塘、庭园水池中点缀水景的名花。它与荷花一样出污泥而不染,花型秀美,色彩艳丽,花期长,因而赢得了人们的喜爱。为了培育适合城市居民家庭养花的小型睡莲品种,我们从1988年开始进行睡蓬微型化栽培试验,取得了较明显的效果。     

我国巴马小型猪SLA-2基因克隆及分子特征

为研究我国巴马小型猪SLA-Ⅰ分子特征,设计引物克隆了SLA-Ⅰ类分子SLA-2基因（SLA-2*bm）,并通过分子生物学软件分析其分子特征。经克隆及序列测定分析,SLA-2*bm为1119bp,其中3～1097为ORF区,共编码364个氨基酸,分别在第125、188、227和283位置出现半胱氨酸残基,含有两对链内二硫键。氨基酸同源性分析显示SLA-2*bm与其它SLA-2、 SLA-3和SLA-1序列的同源率分别为88.4%～96.4%、88.3%～90.5%和87.7%～92.7%。系统进化树显示SLA-2*bm与其它SLA-2等位基因在遗传关系上相对独立,进化程度较低;各功能区分析,SLA-2*bm与人HLA-A2和小鼠H-2K分子结构相似,且保留了人HLA-A2基因的部分功能位点。结果表明,SLA-2*bm属于一个新的等位基因,巴马小型猪是保留原始基因特征的品种。     

我国巴马小型猪SLA-2基因克隆及分子特征

为研究我国巴马小型猪SLA-Ⅰ分子特征,设计引物克隆了SLA-Ⅰ类分子SLA-2基因（SLA-2*bm）,并通过分子生物学软件分析其分子特征。经克隆及序列测定分析,SLA-2*bm为1119bp,其中3～1097为ORF区,共编码364个氨基酸,分别在第125、188、227和283位置出现半胱氨酸残基,含有两对链内二硫键。氨基酸同源性分析显示SLA-2*bm与其它SLA-2、 SLA-3和SLA-1序列的同源率分别为88.4%～96.4%、88.3%～90.5%和87.7%～92.7%。系统进化树显示SLA-2*bm与其它SLA-2等位基因在遗传关系上相对独立,进化程度较低;各功能区分析,SLA-2*bm与人HLA-A2和小鼠H-2K分子结构相似,且保留了人HLA-A2基因的部分功能位点。结果表明,SLA-2*bm属于一个新的等位基因,巴马小型猪是保留原始基因特征的品种。     

Analysis of recessive lethality on swine chromosome 6 in a Göttingen miniature resource family

Previously, we reported recessive gene(s) that terminate fetal development on swine chromosome (SSC) 6 between SW855 and SW122. The affected alleles originated from a Göttingen miniature pig used for construction of a Göttingen miniature pig × Meishan resource population. However, it is not known when the gene(s) are activated during fetal development, which is one of the important factors in selecting candidate genes responsible for fetal death. In the present study, a second swine population consisting of 159 progeny was produced by mating pigs carrying the deleterious allele(s). This population allowed us to narrow the genetic region harbouring the affected gene(s) and to demonstrate that the region was confined between RYR1 and SW782 (5.7 cM on the National Institute of Animal Industry (NIAI) map and 100 cR on the INRA/University of Minnesota porcine radiation hybrid panel map). In order to determine when the affected gene(s) are activated and in turn terminate fetal development, embryos produced in the second population were collected at several development stages and genotyped for markers in the region. Genes in the homozygous state affected embryo development between 9 and 11 days post‐coitus.     

Contribution of ferrous iron to maintenance of the gastric colonization of Helicobacter pylori in miniature pigs

Our previous study showed that the colonization levels of Helicobacter pylori were higher in the stomachs of 5-day-old miniature pigs than in 2-week-old ones. As dietary factors can cause these differences, we compared two diets, i.e., Weanymilk and a similar formula with a higher concentration of Fe(II), Weanylobulin. The colonization levels in the fundic mucosa were significantly higher in 2-week-old pigs fed Weanylobulin than in those fed Weanymilk. Supplementing Weanylobulin with an iron chelator, deferoxamine mesylate, significantly lowered the bacteria counts in the gastric mucosa. Normal diets supplemented with Fe(II) in 2-month-old pigs caused significantly more sites of bacteria in the antrum compared with normal diets alone. In addition, ranitidine, an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion that reduces Fe(III) to Fe(II) in the stomach, decreased the bacteria counts in 10-month-old pigs. These results suggested that Fe(II) maintained the colonization levels of H. pylori in the stomach of the miniature pigs.     

洛伐他汀在巴马香猪体内的分布和排泄

目的研究洛伐他汀在巴马香猪体内的分布和排泄特点。方法以抗动脉粥样硬化药物洛伐他汀为模型药,选择健康6月龄雄性巴马香猪为实验对象,经灌胃途径给药(45 mg/kg或2.4 mg/kg),采用RP-HPLC方法测定各组织及体液中的药物浓度,并对其分布和排泄过程进行研究。血浆蛋白结合率通过透析法测定。结果给药后,洛伐他汀快速分布到贲门、胃、小肠、肝、大肠、胰、前列腺、肺、肾、心、肌肉、睾丸、肾上腺、膀胱、脑和脾。以胃、肠、肝组织中药物浓度较高。单次给药4h后,贲门、胃、小肠、肝、心、肾上腺、膀胱药物浓度同给药后1h相比略有下降,其余组织均高于1 h。血浆蛋白结合率为95%以上,同正常人血浆非常一致。96 h尿中累积排泄量为给药量的7.4%,原形药经胆汁及粪排泄量达到80%以上。结论洛伐他汀在巴马香猪体内同人的分布排泄和血浆蛋白结合率相似,均在组织中广泛分布,血浆结合率达到95%以上,主要经胆汁和粪排泄。     

利用微卫星标记分析七品种（类群）小型猪的遗传多样性

采用世界粮农组织（FAO）和国际动物遗传学会（ISAG）推荐的27个微卫星,对久仰香猪、剑白香猪、从江香猪、环江香猪、黑香猪（贵州省种猪场）、五指山猪和滇南小耳猪等我国7小型猪种（类群）及杜洛克、长白和大白等3个外来猪种的群内遗传变异性和群间遗传差异进行了分析。结果表明,7个小型猪品种（类群）均有较高的群内遗传变异,但久仰、剑白、从江和环江4个香猪类群的群内遗传变异（平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.61～0.64）显著低于其他3个小型猪种（平均PIC为0.80～0.84）。久仰、剑白、从江和环江4个香猪类群彼此间的遗传差异较小（奈氏标准遗传距离为0.12~0.22）,但它们与其他3个小型猪种有较大的遗传差异（奈氏标准遗传距离为1.61～1.96）,与3个外来猪种的遗传差异更大（奈氏标准遗传距离为1.99～3.30）。通过聚类分析,可将这些猪种清晰地分为3大类,久仰、剑白、从江和环江4个香猪类群紧密地聚为一类,其他3个小型猪种聚为一类,3个外来猪种聚为另一类。这一结果基本符合这些猪种的地理分布和品种来源。
     

Production of transgenic miniature pigs by pronuclear microinjection

Miniature pig is an attractive animal for a wide range of research fields, such as medicine and pharmacology, because of its small size, the possibility of breeding it under minimum environmental controls and the physiology that is potentially similar to that of human. Although transgenic technology is useful for the analysis of gene function and for the development of model animals for various diseases, there have not yet been any reports on producing transgenic miniature pig. This study is the first successful report concerning the production of transgenic miniature pig by pronuclear microinjection. The huntingtin gene cloned from miniature pig, which is a homologue of candidate gene for Huntington's disease, connected with rat neuron-specific enolase promoter region, was injected into a pronucleus of fertilized eggs with micromanipulator. The eggs were transferred into the oviduct of recipient miniature pigs, whose estrus cycles were previously synchronized with a progesterone analogue. A total of 402 injected eggs from 171 donors were transferred to 23 synchronized recipients. Sixteen of them maintained pregnancy and delivered 65 young, and one resulted in abortion. Five of the 68 offspring (three of which were aborted) were determined to have transgene by PCR and Southern analysis. The overall rate of transgenic production was 1.24% (transgenic/injected eggs). This study provides the first success and useful information regarding production of transgenic miniature pig for biomedical research.     

巴马小型猪与贵州小型香猪遗传多样性的RAPD分析

应用经过筛选的31条引物对巴马小型猪和贵州小型香猪的基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增,分析二品系实验用小型猪的遗传多样性.两品系实验用小型猪品系内及品系间多态性位点的百分数分别为30.9%和25.7%,品系间及品系内的平均遗传距离分别为0.120、0.072和0.067.结果表明,两品系实验用小型猪品系间及品系内遗传多样性贫乏,遗传变异较小.     

贵州小型猪主要病原微生物与寄生虫的控制

封闭群实验用贵州小型猪Sus scrofa domestica var. mino guizhounensis Yu是目前国内最主要的实验用小型猪种群之一(甘世祥, 1994).开展实验动物微生物与寄生虫的控制与监测,对保证实验动物和动物实验的质量和维护人类健康具有重要意义(孙靖,2005).本研究探索了环境消毒、体内外驱虫、疫苗接种等措施对贵州小型猪病原生物的携带和免疫状况的影响.     

我国巴马小型猪SLA-2基因克隆及分子特征

为研究我国巴马小型猪SLA-Ⅰ分子特征,设计引物克隆了SLA-Ⅰ类分子SLA-2基因(SLA-2bm),并通过分子生物学软件分析其分子特征。经克隆及序列测定分析,SLA-2bm为1119bp,其中3~1097为ORF区,共编码364个氨基酸,分别在第125、188、227和283位置出现半胱氨酸残基,含有两对链内二硫键。氨基酸同源性分析显示SLA-2bm与其它SLA-2、SLA-3和SLA-1序列的同源率分别为88.4%~96.4%、88.3%~90.5%和87.7%~92.7%。系统进化树显示SLA-2bm与其它SLA-2等位基因在遗传关系上相对独立,进化程度较低;各功能区分析,SLA-2bm与人HLA-A2和小鼠H-2K分子结构相似,且保留了人HLA-A2基因的部分功能位点。结果表明,SLA-2bm属于一个新的等位基因,巴马小型猪是保留原始基因特征的品种。     

西双版纳小耳猪DNA指纹分析

采用ECL核酸直接标记和检测试剂盒,以HRP标记JL-02多位点探针,对云南版纳小耳猪的HinfI或HaeⅢ酶切图谱进行Southern杂交,以化学发光法进行检测,获得了清晰可辨的、具有高度多态性的DNA指纹图谱.大于2kb的谱带数在13～17条之间,JB亚系内805、807家系和JS亚系内111、121、133、151家系不同个体间的相似系数分别为0.92±0.04、0.85±0.13、0.86±0.02、0.80±0.05、0.84±0.09、0.88士0.08,显著高于家系间的相似系数.JB亚系内的805家系和JS亚系内的151家系不同个体间的相似系数最大,分别为0.92和0.88,说明其近交程度较高,个体间差异较小,均一性较强.另外,JB亚系内的805与807两个家系不同个体猪在11.5kb处,均有一条区别于其他家系的特有图带,其是否是导致JB亚系体型较大的特异性基因座,有待进一步研究。 Abstract:Clearly and highly polymorphic DNA fingerprints from Banna miniature pig were obtained by Southern hybridization with a nonisotopieally HRP(Horseradish peroxidase)labelled multiloci minisatellite probe JL-02,the fragment number of which were ranged from 13 to 17.The similarity coefficient of various individuals from family “805”,“807” in substrain JB and family “111”,“121”,“133”,“151” in substrain JS was 0.92 + 0.04,0.85 + 0.13,0.86 +- 0.02,0.80 +0.05,0.84 + 0.09,0.88 + 0.08,which is higher than that bet ween families(0.46~0.65).Furtherly,similarity coefficients of family “805” in substrain JB and family “151” in substrain JS were 0.92 and 0.88 respectively.This showed that the two families have the higher inbreeding degree,smaller genetic difference,among individuals and the better homogeneity.In addition,all individuals from family 805,807 in substrain JB have a unique fragment different from other individuals from other families,which is abount 11.5kb long.This suggested that this may be the gene resulted in large bodyweight of substrain JB,further research is necessary to be conducted.