1株瓦克青霉降解玉米秸秆条件的初步研究

从林间土壤中分离筛选获得产纤维素酶活力较高的菌株,经鉴定为瓦克青霉(Penicillium s askmanii ZN6).以滤纸酶活力为测定指标,开展瓦克青霉降解玉米秸秆条件研究,确定最佳温度32℃,起始pH 5.0,接种量6％(体积比),最适添加麸皮量为10％,降解时间72 h的滤纸酶活力达到6.27 IU/g.     

一株霉菌产木聚糖酶固态发酵培养基的优化及酶学性质研究

对一株霉菌B45固态发酵产木聚糖酶的培养基组分进行优化,通过单因素实验观察了不同碳源、氮源、无机盐、水料比4种因素对产木聚糖酶的影响,确定了4种最佳的单因素成分。在单因素的基础上,再通过正交实验确定了所试因素的最佳组合,并对其粗酶的酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明,在培养基组分为玉米芯与麸皮的比例=7∶3,硫酸铵为1.5%,KH2PO4为0.8%,水料比为2.1∶1时,得到的酶活力最高,产酶量可达1 079.93 U/g。其粗酶液的最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH为5,在pH5～pH6的范围内酶活性较稳定。但粗酶液的热稳定较差,在40℃条件下酶活力开始下降,当温度升至70℃时酶活力损失85%以上。     

麦芽糖的改性及其化学修饰胰蛋白酶的研究

目的:通过高碘酸钠氧化法以麦芽糖修饰胰蛋白酶,检验此方法是否能够改善胰蛋白酶的稳定性.方法:采用高碘酸钠改性麦芽糖,使其中具有能够与酶分子中氨基结合的醛基,从而在一定条件下化学修饰胰蛋白酶.结果:改性麦芽糖的最佳条件为,高碘酸钠浓度0.05g/mL,高碘酸钠与麦芽糖质量比1.1∶1,初始pH 1.0,反应时间3h,反应温度30℃;修饰胰蛋白酶的最佳条件为,pH6.0,改性麦芽糖与胰蛋白酶质量比1∶1,修饰温度4℃,修饰时间24h;在最佳条件下修饰酶后,pH在8.9～10.0时,原酶活力与修饰酶活力分别下降了其最高活力的15.8%和9.8%;将酶置于50℃ 2h后,原酶与修饰酶分别保留了其置于4℃ 2h后活力的88.7%和94.7%.结论:该方法能够提高胰蛋白酶的耐碱稳定性和热稳定性.     

木聚糖酶生产菌株的筛选及产酶条件的优化

以甘蔗渣半纤维素为碳源,从垃圾场土壤中分离到6株分解半纤维素的菌株。通过固态发酵的木聚糖酶活力比较筛选到1株木聚糖酶活力较高的菌株。该菌株18S rDNA序列与曲霉（Aspergillus sp.）的同源性达97%,根据对菌株形态学分析和18S rDNA序列分析的结果,将该菌株鉴定为曲霉HQ3。HQ3的最佳产酶条件为：甘蔗渣:麸皮为7:3（W/W）,固液比为1:4（W/W）,尿素0.4 %,pH7.0,温度30℃,发酵产酶时间4 d。在最佳产酶条件下,其木聚糖酶活最高可达3421U/g干曲。     

假交替单胞菌LJ1菌株产褐藻胶裂解酶的培养条件优化及酶学性质

[目的]为了优化Lj1菌株的培养条件使之产生高活性的胞外褐藻胶裂解酶.[方法]通过富集培养技术从海带筛选到一株褐藻胶裂解酶产生菌Lj1,依据表型特征、脂肪酸组成分析及16S rRNA基因序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定.通过单因子和正交试验对Lj1菌株产胞外褐藻胶裂解酶的培养条件进行了优化.[结果]Lj1菌株属于假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas).该菌株产酶的最佳培养基组成为:褐藻胶3g/L、(NH4)2SO43 g/L、NaCl 20 g/L、KH2PO4 0.1 g/L、CaCl2 0.1 g/L;最佳培养条件为:250 mL三角烧瓶中装液量25 mL、接种量3%、摇瓶转速150 r/min、pH7.5、培养温度为28℃、培养时间为24 h.LJl菌株所产褐藻胶裂解酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH7.6,最适NaCl浓度为0.3 mol/L.1 mol/1.金属离子Mg2+对酶活力有明显的促进作用,而C02+和Zn2+对酶活力有较强的抑制作用.[结论]LJ1菌株是Pseudoalteromonas新的胞外褐藻胶裂解酶产生菌,在最佳培养条件下,该菌株的酶活力提高了66%.     

四株冰川雪细菌产酶能力的初步研究

目的:从青藏高原冰川雪中筛选出一菌多酶的菌株.方法:对恢复出的4个细菌,通过平板透明法研究其产淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的特性.结果:LHG-C-9为惟一可以产淀粉酶的菌株,所产脂肪酶活性最高.4个菌株均不产蛋白酶.结论:LHG-C-9最适生长温度为15℃,属于耐冷菌.对该菌所产淀粉酶和脂肪酶的性质进行了初步研究,其随产淀粉酶的最适作用温度为50℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为83.9U/mL;在60℃的高温下温浴10min后酶活为0%.该菌株所产脂肪酶的最适作用温度为20℃;最佳产酶pH值为7.0,该pH值所产酶活为9.2U/mL;50℃温浴1h后酶活力不足34%.     

乳酸乳球菌Nisin抗性基因nisI的克隆及作为筛选标记的研究

摘要：【目的】为了优化LJ1菌株的培养条件使之产生高活性的胞外褐藻胶裂解酶。【方法】通过富集培养技术从海带筛选到一株褐藻胶裂解酶产生菌LJ1, 依据表型特征、脂肪酸组成分析及16S rRNA基因序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定。通过单因子和正交试验对LJ1 菌株产胞外褐藻胶裂解酶的培养条件进行了优化。【结果】LJ1菌株属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）。该菌株产酶的最佳培养基组成为：褐藻胶3 g/L、(NH4)2SO4 3 g/L、NaCl 20 g/L、KH2PO4 0.1 g/L、CaCl2 0.1 g/L;最佳培养条件为：250 mL三角烧瓶中装液量25 mL、接种量3%、摇瓶转速150 r/min、pH7.5、培养温度为28℃、培养时间为24 h。LJ1菌株所产褐藻胶裂解酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH7.6,最适NaCl浓度为0.3 mol/L。1 mol/L金属离子Mg2+对酶活力有明显的促进作用,而Co2+ 和Zn2+对酶活力有较强的抑制作用。【结论】LJ1菌株是Pseudoalteromonas 新的胞外褐藻胶裂解酶产生菌,在最佳培养条件下,该菌株的酶活力提高了66%。     

褐藻胶降解菌的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件优化

【目的】筛选一株能降解褐藻胶的菌株,并优化产酶条件以提高褐藻胶裂解酶活力。【方法】从漳州海域采集到海水和海泥,以海藻酸钠为唯一碳源,通过富集培养、初筛、复筛筛选到一株能够降解褐藻胶的菌株。依据16S rRNA序列分析、生理生化特征、菌体形态及菌落特征对该菌进行鉴定。通过单因素和正交试验对该菌的产酶条件进行优化。【结果】该菌属于海科贝特氏菌,命名为Cobetiamarina HQZ08。该菌株最佳的产酶培养基组成为:海藻酸钠7.00g/L、蛋白胨3.00g/L、NaCl30.00g/L,K2HPO4·3H2O 1.25 g/L。最佳发酵条件为:接种量2%,接种龄12 h,培养基起始pH为7.0,培养温度25°C,培养时间24 h。优化后褐藻胶裂解酶活力达到68.5 U/mL,TLC法分析酶解产物为褐藻胶寡糖。【结论】HQZ08菌株可以用于降解褐藻胶,产生聚合度为2–6的褐藻胶寡糖。     

Agarivorans albus RZW1-1产琼胶酶的发酵条件优化

为了提高菌株Agarivorans albus RZW1-1的产琼胶酶能力,本研究通过单因素实验探究碳源、氮源、海盐浓度、琼脂浓度、初始pH、装液量、培养时间、培养温度等因素对产酶的影响,得到该菌株的最佳发酵条件。在单因素实验的基础之上,运用正交试验的方法,得到菌株RZW1-1产酶最高的培养基组分。综合单因素实验和正交设计,最终确定了最佳产酶条件为:葡萄糖0.2 g/L、酵母粉9 g/L、海盐浓度4%、琼脂粉浓度0.1%,在装液量25 m L (250 m L三角瓶)、初始pH7.0、28℃、130 r/min条件下培养48 h酶活力达到最高为23.020 U/mL,较基础培养基提高了2.01倍。     

黑曲霉GD-6纤维素酶液体发酵条件的研究

采用黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger)GD 6液体发酵生产纤维素酶 ,研究了碳源、氮源、培养基起始 pH值、接种量、摇床转速、通气量对该菌株产纤维素酶活力的影响。结果表明 ,GD 6的最适发酵温度为 2 8～ 3 0℃ ,产酶pH为 5 .5～ 6.0 ,摇床最适转速为 1 5 0r/min ,最佳接种量为 1 0 %。在以 6.0 %稻草粉为碳源、1 %豆饼粉为氮源时产酶活力最高。在最适培养条件下 ,发酵周期为 1 2 0h,发酵液中CMC酶活为 1 88.6U/mL ,FP酶活为 2 7.0U/mL。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.