共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tian-Ye Chen J. Victor French Tong-Xian Liu John V. da Gra a 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2006,16(7):753-759
The false spider mite, Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), is a major citrus pest in Texas. This phytophagous mite causes damage to fruit, leaves and stems of citrus, and is also a vector of citrus leprosis virus. Galendromus helveolus (Chant) is one of the most prevalent predacious mite species found on Texas citrus. The predation potential of G. helveolus on different stages of B. californicus was evaluated in the laboratory. An individual immature G. helveolus mite consumed an average of 30.7 eggs, 53.6 larvae, or 22.7 nymphs of B. californicus before developing to an adult. An individual adult female G. helveolus consumed an average of 164.8 eggs, 369.6 larvae, or 80.9 nymphs of B. californicus. Both immature and adult G. helveolus never fed on adult stage of B. californicus and never completed development. The development times of the immature stages of G. helveolus were 4.5, 4.1 and 4.6 days when fed on eggs, larvae and nymphs of B. californicus, respectively. When G. helveolus fed on the larval stage of B. californicus, the adults had the longest longevity (18.5 days) and the highest fecundity (14.0 eggs/female). 相似文献
2.
3.
Jos Roberto Gon alves Leda Rita D'A. Faroni Raul Narciso C. Guedes 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2004,14(3):251-260
The interaction between the organophosphate insecticides fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl with Acarophenax lacunatus (Cross & Krantz) (Prostigmata: Acarophenacidae), an egg parasite of the stored grain pest Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), was assessed in a range of doses for each compound. The number of physogastric females of A. lacunatus and egg parasitism (%) decreased with increasing insecticide doses and mite density for both organophosphates. Lower insecticide doses for fenitrothion and pirimiphos-methyl and lower mite densities led to higher instantaneous rates of increase of the mite population. Overall lower instantaneous rates of increase of A. lacunatus were obtained with the insecticide pirimiphos-methyl. The sustained presence of the mite species in all insecticide doses suggest that this biological control agent may be used together with insecticide applications for controlling R. dominica, but high insecticide doses, mainly of pirimiphos-methyl, compromise mite population growth. The high rates of egg parasitism obtained with the biological control agent may aid the insecticide effect on the adult pest population preventing its outbreaks in wheat grains, constituting a potential tactic for pest management of stored wheat. 相似文献
4.
The mushroom mite, Luciaphorus sp. is a serious pest of tropical mushrooms. We determined the pathogenicity and toxicity of species and strains of the entomopathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus to the mite. As these bacteria are known to produce antifungal substances, we first determined the effect of 21 species and strains of the bacteria on the mycelial growth of the mushroom, Lentinus squarrosulus. We then determined the toxicity of the eight species and strains of bacteria that did not show any effect on mushroom growth against both the female and male mites. All eight species and strains of the bacteria were toxic to the female mite resulting in significant mite mortality within 24-48 h. Cell-free supernatants from all the eight bacterial species and strains were also toxic to the female mite inflicting significant mortality within 24-48 h. The supernatants of two strains, GPS12 and GPS11, of Photorhabdus luminescens ssp. laumondii were significantly more toxic than the other species and strains to the female mite, resulting in 90-95% mite mortality within 48 h. Both the concentration and age of the bacteria had significant effect on the toxicity of the supernatants to the female mite. None of the bacteria showed toxicity to the male mite which has undeveloped mouthparts. These results indicate that P. luminescens ssp. laumondii and its byproducts are directly toxic to the female mite, suggesting the potential of developing a novel biological approach for the control of this mushroom pest. This is the first report on the miticidal activity of the entomopathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus. 相似文献
5.
Larval water mites are parasites of various insect species. The main aim of the present study was to analyse the host range
of spring dwelling water mites. The investigation focuses on seven spring sites in Luxembourg. Some 24 water mite species
were recorded either from the benthos or as parasites attached to flying insects captured in emergence traps. For 20 mite
species 35 host species from four Nematocera (Diptera) families were recorded. About 80% of the host species and over 90%
of the host individuals were Chironomidae, the others were Limoniidae, Dixidae and Simuliidae. For all water mite species
recorded we present the observed host spectrum and/or potential hosts as well as the intensity of parasitism and the phenology
of the mites. For 10 mite species the hosts were previously unknown. For another ten species the known host spectrum can be
confirmed and extended. The host spectrum ranged from one host species (e.g. for Sperchon insignis) to at least 10 host species (for Sperchon thienemanni, Ljania bipapillata), but the effective host range could not be definitively estimated due to the lack of corresponding data. The hypothesised
host preference of the water mites, of which most are strictly confined to spring habitats, for similarly spring-preferring
hosts could not be proven. The mean intensity of parasitism was highest for Thyas palustris (10.8 larvae/host) and lowest for Sperchon insignis and Hygrobates norvegicus (1.2 larvae per host for each). The hydryphantid mite Thyas palustris occurred at maximal intensity (41 larvae per host) and the two abdominal parasites Ljania bipapillata and Arrenurus fontinalis showed higher mean intensities than the thoracic parasites did. Larval water mites parasitising chironomids did not exhibit
a preference for host sex. The phenology of the larval mite species was varied, some species were only present in samples
early in the year and others exclusively in the summer. Another species showed two peaks of occurrence, springtime/early summer
and late summer/autumn. In conclusion, the water mite larvae in the studied springs showed differences in host spectra and
phenology but there are no clear evidences in both for host partitioning. Maybe, the relative low species diversity of water
mites in individual springs and the low inter-specific competition for suitable hosts in combination with the high host abundances
and species richness makes springs such favourable habitats for the mites. 相似文献
6.
During faunistic investigations on spring habitats in the alpine National Park Berchtesgaden (Bavaria, Germany), water mites
were found to be the group with the highest share of species strongly adapted to springs. At four sample sites at two spring
complexes, insect emergence was screened for parasitism by larval water mites. A total of at least 36 host species were recorded
as being parasitized by 19 water mite species. As in many other habitats, the most important host taxon was shown to be the
nematoceran family Chironomidae, both in the number of species and individuals parasitized. Likewise, the number of water
mite species attached to chironomids was high. Further host species were found among the Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera,
Limoniidae and Empididae (Diptera). These taxa were only parasitized by a single water mite species in each case. For 13 mite
species, new hosts were recorded for the first time. For another six species, the known host spectrum could be confirmed and/or
supplemented. The parasitological data presented (e.g., prevalences, selected attachment sites on the host, larval phenology,
intensity of parasitism) provide, in most cases, basic information concerning previously unknown parasite–host associations.
At this time, the reason for the strong crenobiosis in water mites cannot be explained by their parasitism. 相似文献
7.
Di Sabatino A Boggero A Miccoli FP Cicolani B 《Experimental & applied acarology》2004,34(1-2):199-210
Information on water mite assemblages from high elevation lentic biotopes is scant. A survey of 14 small Alpine lakes located between 1900 and 2400 m a.s.l. in Italy resulted in the discovery of 17 species of Hydrachnidia and a single species of freshwater Halacaridae. Arrenurus conicus and Lebertia tuberosa were the most widespread and abundant species; Lebertia sefvei, Lebertia rufipes, Oxus setosus, Panisus torrenticolus and Sperchon glandulosus were also widely distributed but relatively less abundant. Atractides fissus and Arrenurus conicus are recorded for the first time from Italy. In contrast to mid/low elevation lakes and ponds, water mite assemblages of alpine lakes are less diverse and are composed mainly of rheo- and crenobiontic taxa, most of which are cold-stenothermic. Typical standing water dwellers represented only a small fraction (23%) of the species sampled. A principal component analysis conducted on lake environmental variables resulted in a clear separation of the lakes mainly based on ionic contents, pH and temperature. Water mites seem to be less influenced by these factors than by temperature fluctuations and habitat stability and heterogeneity. We conclude with some considerations of the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution pattern of water mites. 相似文献
8.
记述采自中国四川省的湿螨科Hygrobatidae Koch, 1942曲跗湿螨属Atractides Koch, 1837两新种:雅安曲跗湿螨Atractides (Atractides) yaaniensis sp. nov. 和拟雅安曲跗湿螨Atractides (Atractides)yaaniensisoides sp. nov.。雅安曲跗湿螨略似日本的岐阜曲跗湿螨Atractides (Atractides) gifuensis Imamura,1953,但其雌螨I-L-5端腹面的2根大毛扁阔,且端部大刚毛呈钝圆的柳叶状,显著区别于后者的披针状。拟雅安曲跗湿螨略似雅安曲跗湿螨、联毛曲跗湿螨A. (A.)synglandulopilosus Jin 1997和岐阜曲跗湿螨A. (A.) gifuensis Imamura 1953。雅安曲跗湿螨与拟雅安曲跗湿螨的区别是前者雌螨I-L-5端腹面的2根大毛扁阔,端部大刚毛内侧平滑外侧距基部1/3明显膨大,显著区别于后者的柳叶状。其与联毛曲跗湿螨的显著区别是V1不与V2愈合,S-1异形。与岐阜曲跗湿螨的显著区别是S-2一侧不显著膨大,S-1剑形,前殖片狭窄,PCG中缘短且略呈微波状。新种模式标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。 相似文献
9.
Martin P 《Experimental & applied acarology》2004,34(1-2):95-112
This study concerns the parasite-host associations of water mite larvae and their chironomid hosts in a small stream on the North German Plain. The different feeding sites on the host were tested as to whether they represented a strategy of the parasites regarding host partitioning. The attachment sites of nine ectoparasitic water mite species were observed in detail: Aturus fontinalis, Atractides nodipalpis, Feltria rouxi, Hygrobates nigromaculatus, Protzia eximia, Sperchonopsis verrucosa, Sperchon clupeifer, S. setiger and Lebertia inaequalis. Aturus fontinalis, A. nodipalpis, F. rouxi and H. nigromaculatus distinctly preferred sites on the abdomen of the host, whereas the other species preferred feeding sites on the thorax. The four species that preferentially attached to the abdomen of the host showed a distinct specificity for selected segmental and/or intersegmental regions. All species differed in their sites along the length of the abdomen. The order of attachment on the abdominal segments was, from anterior to posterior: H. nigromaculatus, F. rouxi, A. fontinalis and A. nodipalpis. The sites were analysed with regard to segmental and intersegmental attachment, the proportion of dorsal and ventral sites and the differences between attachment to different host species. Larvae attached to their hosts as single individuals showed only slight differences from the sites of mites on hosts that carried many mite larvae. The finding that less than 10% of the chironomids were parasitized by more than one water mite species suggested that, at least in the zoocoenosis of the studied collecting site, the interspecific competition for attachment sites was not strong. However, the specificity of attachment sites clearly had the potential of diminishing competition between water mite species by host partitioning. Intra- and interspecific competition for preferred sites and preparasitic constraints are discussed. 相似文献
10.
In Europe peatlands are wetlands of postglacial origin. Because of climatic changes and agricultural activities (i.e. drainage and peat extraction), they are one of the most endangered ecosystems worldwide. Water mites are well known as indicators of changing environments in other ecosystems such as springs and lakes. For our study we selected seven peatlands located in North-Western Poland and focused on water mite distribution and associated habitat and water quality variables. We described water mite fauna in various microhabitats (aquatic and semiaquatic) along the mineral-richness gradient to test whether this gradient is reflected in the composition of water mite assemblages. We selected conductivity, pH and vegetation as variables reflecting the poor-rich gradient. Additionally, we measured water depth, temperature and dissolved oxygen, which are often important parameters for water mites. We also noted presence of prey and host taxa of particular water mite species. Based on physicochemical parameters we identified three types of habitats harbouring three distinctive species groups of water mites. We were able to distinguish species that appear to be typical of spring fens (e.g. Hygrobates norvegicus, Lebertia separata), connected with acidic, nutrient poor pools (e.g. Arrenurus neumani, A. pustulator) and species seemingly typical of temporary habitats dominated by Sphagnum mosses (e.g. Piersigia intermedia, Zschokkea oblonga, A. stecki). The poor-rich gradient is strongly reflected in the composition of water mite assemblages. We also found strong correlations between the water mite fauna and both conductivity and pH gradient. Our results show that water conductivity is the most important of the examined factors, driving mite-species distribution in peatlands. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of morphology》2017,278(11):1551-1569
Coxal glands of unfed larvae Leptotrombidium orientale (Schluger, 1948) (Trombiculidae), a terrestrial mite parasitizing vertebrates, and Hydryphantes ruber (de Geer, 1778) (Hydryphantidae), a water mite parasitizing insects were studied using transmission electron microscopy. In both species, the coxal glands are represented by a paired tubular organ extending on the sides of the brain from the mouthparts to the frontal midgut wall and are formed of the cells arranged around the central lumen. As in other Parasitengona, the coxal glands are devoid of a proximal sacculus. The excretory duct, joining with ducts of the prosomal salivary glands constitutes the common podocephalic duct, opening into the subcheliceral space. The coxal glands of L. orientale are composed of a distal tubule with a basal labyrinth, an intermediate segment without labyrinth, and a proximal tubule bearing tight microvilli on the apical cell surface and coiled around the intermediate segment. The coxal glands of H. ruber mainly consist of the uniformly organized proximal tubule with apical microvilli of the cells lacking the basal labyrinth. This tubule shows several loops running backward and forward in a vertical plane on the side of the brain. In contrast to L. orientale , larvae of H. ruber reveal a terminal cuticular sac/bladder for accumulation of secreted fluids. Organization of the coxal glands depends on the ecological conditions of mites. Larvae of terrestrial L. orientale possess distal tubule functioning in re‐absorption of ions and water. Conversely, water mite larvae H. ruber need to evacuate of the water excess, so the filtrating proximal tubule is prominent. 相似文献
12.
Examination of the water mite collection made by the authors in the territory of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in 2006 has
revealed 43 mite species of the phalanx Hydrachnidia, belonging to 19 genera and 12 families, 1 species of the phalanx Trombidia,
and 2 freshwater species of the superfamily Halacaroidea, belonging to 2 genera and 1 family. All the species registered,
except for two species of the phalanx Hydrachnidia (Mixobates processifer and Lebertia porosa), were recorded in the Sakha Republic for the first time. The species Aturus miyashitai Uchida, 1934 and A. parapilosus Kim et Chung, 1993 (Hydrachnidia) and the family Johnstonianidae Thor, 1935 (Trombidia) are new for the Russian fauna. The
female of A. parapilosus is described for the first time. 相似文献
13.
Ying‐Xia Lei Xing Fan Li‐Na Sha Yi Wang Hou‐Yang Kang Yong‐Hong Zhou Hai‐Qin Zhang 《植物分类学报:英文版》2022,60(2):305-318
Roegneria is a polyploid perennial genus in the tribe Triticeae. Some species of Roegneria are morphologically similar to genus Elymus and have been classified in Elymus. To investigate the delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of Roegneria, nuclear (ITS, Acc1, and Pgk1) and chloroplast (trnL–trnF) DNA regions were sequenced for 38 allopolyploid species and 32 diploid species of Triticeae. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear DNA revealed that all Roegneria species were included in the St and Y genome clades, and that the Y genome was closely related to the V and Xp genomes. The chloroplast DNA dataset showed that Roegneria species were grouped with Pseudoroegneria species. The Pseudoroegneria species from the Middle East (P. libanotica and P. tauri) and Central Asia (P. strigosa) were more closely related to Roegneria species. The results suggested that: (i) the species containing the St and Y genomes should be segregated from Elymus and treated as a distinct genus, Roegneria, based on the genomic constitution; (ii) P. libanotica, P. tauri, and/or P. strigosa potentially served as the maternal donor of the St genome in Roegneria; (iii) The Y genome of Roegneria originated from a diploid Y genome species, and the V and Xp genomes may have contributed to Y genome formation; (iv) among Roegneria species of previously uncertain genomic constitution, R. seriotina was tetraploid and possessed the StY genomes, E. calcicolus was hexaploid with the StYH genomic constitution and should be classified in Campeiostachys, R. glaucifolia possessed the StStY genomes, and R. tschimganica had the genomic constitution St1St2Y. 相似文献
14.
We evaluated the relationships between plant water status and leaf temperature, and between leaf temperature and spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and predatory mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) populations in eight vineyards in California in 2006 and 2007. Temperature of south-facing leaves increased significantly by 0.8°C for every 1.0°C increase in ambient air temperature, and by 5.3°C for every one MPa drop in leaf water potential. Peak population densities of Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor, increased significantly with increasing frequency of leaf temperatures above 31°C. In contrast, peak population densities of Willamette spider mite, Eotetranychus willamettei (McGregor), showed no relationship with the frequency of leaf temperatures above 31°C. This differential relationship between the two mite species and high leaf temperatures is consistent with their upper thresholds for development, which are 40°C for T. pacificus and 31°C for E. willamettei, as identified in a previous study. Predatory mite population densities showed no relationship with peak population densities of either spider mite species during the analysis period, but decreased with the frequency of leaf temperatures above 31°C. In addition, predatory mite population densities were significantly higher on south-facing than interior leaves after adjusting for the effect of leaf temperature. These results help to explain why outbreaks of T. pacificus occur in warmer or water-stressed vineyards, whereas E. willamettei develops higher populations in cooler or well-irrigated vineyards. In addition, these results suggest that regulated deficit irrigation should be implemented with caution, especially in those vineyards with a high risk of T. pacificus outbreaks. 相似文献
15.
A new water mite species Sperchon (Hispidosperchon) serapae n. sp. is described. The material was collected from a slow-flowing stream during field study on the water mite fauna of the Lakes region in southwestern Turkey. An updated list of hitherto known species of Sperchon Kramer from Turkey, including nomenclatural changes and numerous new locality records to the species, is also given. 相似文献
16.
A. Di Sabatino A. Boggero F.P. Miccoli B. Cicolani 《Experimental & applied acarology》2002,34(1-2):199-210
Information on water mite assemblages from high elevation lentic biotopes is scant. A survey of 14 small Alpine lakes located between1900 and 2400 m a.s.l. in Italy resulted in the discovery of 17 species of Hydrachnidia and a single species of freshwater Halacaridae. Arrenurus conicus and Lebertia tuberosa were the most widespread and abundant species; Lebertia sefvei, Lebertia rufipes, Oxus setosus, Panisus torrenticolus and Sperchon glandulosus were also widely distributed but relatively less abundant. Atractides fissus and Arrenurus conicus are recorded for the first time from Italy. In contrast to mid/low elevation lakes and ponds, water mite assemblages of alpine lakes are less diverse and are composed mainly of rheo- and crenobiontic taxa, most of which are cold-stenothermic. Typical standing water dwellers represented only a small fraction (23%) of the species sampled. A principal component analysis conducted on lake environmental variables resulted in a clear separation of the lakes mainly based on ionic contents, pH and temperature. Water mites seem to be less influenced by these factors than by temperature fluctuations and habitat stability and heterogeneity. We conclude with some considerations of the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution pattern of water mites. 相似文献
17.
Twelve species of the harpacticoid genus Elaphoidella, most of them exclusively groundwater species, have been recorded in Slovenia (SE Europe). Their distribution and ecology are reviewed with the aim of evaluating distribution patterns, species preferences for groundwater habitats, ecological preferences and interactions with other copepod species at regional scale. Data on Elaphoidella species were obtained partly from the existing literature and partly from the author's (AB) own sampling campaigns carried out together with his co-workers. During the rich history of collecting copepods in Slovenia (from the 1920s to present), Elaphoidella species were recorded at 78 sampling sites altogether. The majority of collecting was conducted in the southern (Dinaric region) and north-western (Alpine region) Slovenia. The most intensively sampled habitats were porous aquifers of alluvial plains, springs in the karstic unsaturated zone and percolation water in caves. The highest species richness of Elaphoidella was recorded in the southern Slovenia, where 10 species were found. The strictly “Dinaric” species are E. charon, E. franci, E. karstica, E. stammeri, E. sp. 1 and E. sp. 2, while E. phreatica and E. bidens were found exclusively in the north-western Slovenia. From the latest data on the copepod distributions (2002–2004), where the environmental characteristics of sampling sites were also measured, the relationship between selected environmental characteristics of the habitats and the presence of Elaphoidella species was analysed. The distribution of Elaphoidella species in Slovenia was found to be related with the region, habitat type, altitude, conductivity and pH of the water. 相似文献
18.
Adults and deutonymphs of a new water mite species of the genus Hygrobates Koch, 1837 (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae) were found to parasitize the Hong Kong Newt, Paramesotriton hongkongensis Myers and Leviton, 1962 (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae), endemic to Hong Kong and coastal areas of Guangdong Province: Hygrobates aloisii sp. nov. Males and females, as well as deutonymphs and larvae are described. A new subgenus - Lurchibates subgen. nov. - is defined to accommodate the species of the Hygrobates salamandrarum-group. The parasite-host association, infestation rate, attachment sites and the impact of mite infestation on the newts behaviour and body condition are investigated. These ecological aspects of the parasite-host association between freshwater mites and newts are examined for the first time in detail in their natural habitat. 相似文献
19.
记述了安徽黄山的喜沼螨科Limnocharidae, 喜沼螨亚科Limnocharinae的一新属侧喜沼螨属、一新种黄山侧喜沼螨Laterolimnochares huangshanensis gen. Nov.,sp. Nov.,该科及亚科的中国区系过去仅由Uchida于1941年简录过东北之一种。文中给出了喜沼螨亚科的属检索表;详述了新种腺毛分布体位。 相似文献
20.
The biology and ecology of lotic water mites (Hydrachnidia) 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6