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Bartel H 《The International journal of developmental biology》2008,52(2-3):141-146
In Poland, medical embryology (both scientific research and teaching of the subject) has traditionally involved Chairs of Histology and Embryology rather than Obstetrics and Gynecology. Before World War II, the most buoyant centers for embryological research among the five universities at the time (in Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, Lvov and Vilnius), were the Chairs of Embryology and Histology at Medical Faculties of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and the University of Vilnius. After World War II, eleven Medical Academies (Universities of Medicine) came into being (Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, Lodz, Gdansk, Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Szczecin, Wroclaw, Katowice and Lublin). They conduct scientific research on normal development of the human embryo as well as teratology studies. In the XX century, eminent medicine-related embryologist included professors Emil Godlewski Jr., Stanislaw Hiller and Stefan Baginski. 相似文献
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《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2013,12(10):1471-1472
Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz is the Director of the Brander Cancer Research Institute and Professor of Pathology and Medicine at the New York Medical College. He received his M.D. (with the highest honors) and Ph.D. degrees from the Medical University of Warsaw in Warsaw, Poland and completed post-graduate studies at the State University of New York at Buffalo and at the Medical Nobel Institute of Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. His research is focused on the regulatory mechanisms associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis and sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs. He published over 550 original articles in peer-reviewed journals, over 100 chapters and reviews, authored/edited 12 books and holds 7 US patents. His publications were cited over 23,000 times and 79 of them have over 79 citations each, which ranks him at number 79 in Hirsch’s impact “h-index.” 相似文献
4.
Lars Bohlin Ulf Göransson Cecilia Alsmark Christina Wedén Anders Backlund 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2010,9(2):279-301
With a realistic threat against biodiversity in rain forests and in the sea, a sustainable use of natural products is becoming
more and more important. Basic research directed against different organisms in Nature could reveal unexpected insights into
fundamental biological mechanisms but also new pharmaceutical or biotechnological possibilities of more immediate use. Many
different strategies have been used prospecting the biodiversity of Earth in the search for novel structure–activity relationships,
which has resulted in important discoveries in drug development. However, we believe that the development of multidisciplinary
incentives will be necessary for a future successful exploration of Nature. With this aim, one way would be a modernization
and renewal of a venerable proven interdisciplinary science, Pharmacognosy, which represents an integrated way of studying
biological systems. This has been demonstrated based on an explanatory model where the different parts of the model are explained
by our ongoing research. Anti-inflammatory natural products have been discovered based on ethnopharmacological observations,
marine sponges in cold water have resulted in substances with ecological impact, combinatory strategy of ecology and chemistry
has revealed new insights into the biodiversity of fungi, in depth studies of cyclic peptides (cyclotides) has created new
possibilities for engineering of bioactive peptides, development of new strategies using phylogeny and chemography has resulted
in new possibilities for navigating chemical and biological space, and using bioinformatic tools for understanding of lateral
gene transfer could provide potential drug targets. A multidisciplinary subject like Pharmacognosy, one of several scientific
disciplines bridging biology and chemistry with medicine, has a strategic position for studies of complex scientific questions
based on observations in Nature. Furthermore, natural product research based on intriguing scientific questions in Nature
can be of value to increase the attraction for young students in modern life science. 相似文献
5.
Irradiation as a Safety Procedure in Tissue Banking 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dziedzic-Goclawska A Kaminski A Uhrynowska-Tyszkiewicz I Stachowicz W 《Cell and tissue banking》2005,6(3):201-219
The Central Tissue Bank in Warsaw was established in 1963 and since then ionising radiation has been routinely applied to sterilise tissue grafts. Connective tissue grafts such as bone, cartilage, tendons, sclera, pericardium, skin, acellular dermis and amnion irradiated with a dose of 35 kGy in a 60Co source and/or with an electron beam 10 MeV accelerator are prepared in our Tissue Bank and two other multi-tissue banks operating in Poland. Over 250,000 radiation-sterilised tissue grafts have been prepared and used in hospitals throughout Poland and no infectious disease transmission or other adverse post-transplantation reactions have been reported up to today. It should be kept in mind however, that high doses of ionising radiation can evoke numerous chemical and physical changes that may affect the biological quality of tissue allografts. Therefore, interdisciplinary research has been undertaken at the Central Tissue Bank in Warsaw to establish the origin and stability of free radicals and other paramagnetic entities induced by irradiation in bone. The effects of various preservation procedures (e.g. lyophilisation, deep-freezing) and irradiation conditions (doses, temperature of irradiation) on the osteoinductive potential and mechanical properties of bone and on the degradation of collagen, a major constituent of all connective tissue grafts, have been also studied. The results of these studies indicate that radiation-induced changes can be diminished by modification of tissue preservation methods and that, to some extent, it is possible to reduce undesired radiation-induced damage to the tissue grafts. 相似文献
6.
Chiao‐Ping Chen Sheridan Ke-Wing Fok Yu‐Wen Hsieh Cheng‐Yi Chen Fei‐Man Hsu Yao‐Hsiang Chang Jiun‐Hong Chen 《Invertebrate Biology》2020,139(1)
Regeneration has long been the focus of scientific interest for its potential to restore lost, damaged, or aged tissues and organs. A wide range of regenerative studies have been conducted on different vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Annelids are known for their regenerative capacities, and because of their relatively complex organ systems, they are an ideal organism for regeneration study. Our present work focused on the freshwater annelid Aeolosoma viride, an asexually reproducing annelid capable of regenerating both anteriorly and posteriorly. Even though regenerative ability has been documented in this animal in previous studies, detailed characterization of the process is still unavailable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regenerative ability of A. viride. We described the sequential morphological events during the process of regeneration, such as wound healing and the formation of blastema, mouth, and pygidium. In order to clarify the capacity and type of regeneration, we conducted a series of observations and experiments using a cell proliferation assay. Massive proliferation and the absence of cell migration indicated that the animal regenerates primarily through epimorphosis. Our study of the epimorphic regenerative process of A. viride provides a clearer picture of the evolutionary origin of regeneration in annelids. 相似文献
7.
The history of research on microbial rhodopsins offers a novel perspective on the history of the molecular life sciences. Events in this history play important roles in the development of fields such as general microbiology, membrane research, bioenergetics, metagenomics and, very recently, neurobiology. New concepts, techniques, methods and fields have arisen as a result of microbial rhodopsin investigations. In addition, the history of microbial rhodopsins sheds light on the dynamic connections between basic and applied science, and hypothesis-driven and data-driven approaches. The story begins with the late nineteenth century discovery of microorganisms on salted fish and leads into ecological and taxonomical studies of halobacteria in hypersaline environments. These programmes were built on by the discovery of bacteriorhodopsin in organisms that are part of what is now known as the archaeal genus Halobacterium. The transfer of techniques from bacteriorhodopsin studies to the metagenomic discovery of proteorhodopsin in 2000 further extended the field. Microbial rhodopsins have also been used as model systems to understand membrane protein structure and function, and they have become the target of technological applications such as optogenetics and nanotechnology. Analysing the connections between these historical episodes provides a rich example of how science works over longer time periods, especially with regard to the transfer of materials, methods and concepts between different research fields. 相似文献
8.
Fish as model systems for the study of vertebrate apoptosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerhard Krumschnabel Jason E. Podrabsky 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》2009,14(1):1-21
Apoptosis is a process of pivotal importance for multi-cellular organisms and due to its implication in the development of
cancer and degenerative disease it is intensively studied in humans and mammalian model systems. Invertebrate models of apoptosis
have been well-studied, especially in C. elegans and D. melanogaster, but as these are evolutionarily distant from mammals the relevance of findings for human research is sometimes limited.
Presently, a non-mammalian vertebrate model for studying apoptosis is missing. However, in the past few years an increasing
number of studies on cell death in fish have been published and thus new model systems may emerge. This review aims at highlighting
the most important of these findings, showing similarities and dissimilarities between fish and mammals, and will suggest
topics for future research. In addition, the outstanding usefulness of fish as research models will be pointed out, hoping
to spark future research on this exciting, often underrated group of vertebrates. 相似文献
9.
Indra K. Vasil 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(2):201-204
The groundbreaking research carried out by Philip R. White in the 1930s and 1940s played a critical early role in the development
of modern plant biotechnology and the production of biotech crops. He gained instant fame and became a historical figure early
in his career by becoming the first person to attain unlimited growth of cultured plant tissues. White was one of the best
known and most influential figures of his generation in plant cell culture research. His tireless and lifelong efforts to
promote the use of plant cell culture systems inspired a generation of scientists and stimulated much scientific activity.
White was not only a brilliant and visionary scientist but also a highly principled man who spoke courageously about the great
moral and political issues of his day. He was admired as much for his science as for his humanity. His belief that plant cell
culture research was not well represented at national and international meetings, and his deeply held conviction that science
had to be international and without borders in order to be of service to humankind led to the founding of the International
Association for Plant Biotechnology in 1963, currently the largest forum for the international plant biotechnology community.
This tribute honors and celebrates Philip R. White for his inspiring science, for his kind and generous mentoring of young
scientists, for his advocacy of plant cell culture research and its applications, for his promotion of international scientific
exchange and cooperation, and for his leadership in the founding of the International Association for Plant Biotechnology. 相似文献
10.
New roles for model genetic organisms in understanding and treating human disease: report from the 2006 Genetics Society of America meeting
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Spradling A Ganetsky B Hieter P Johnston M Olson M Orr-Weaver T Rossant J Sanchez A Waterston R 《Genetics》2006,172(4):2025-2032
Fundamental biological knowledge and the technology to acquire it have been immeasurably advanced by past efforts to understand and manipulate the genomes of model organisms. Has the utility of bacteria, yeast, worms, flies, mice, plants, and other models now peaked and are humans poised to become the model organism of the future? The Genetics Society of America recently convened its 2006 meeting entitled "Genetic Analysis: Model Organisms to Human Biology" to examine the future role of genetic research. (Because of time limitations, the meeting was unable to cover the substantial contributions and future potential of research on model prokaryotic organisms.) In fact, the potential of model-organism-based studies has grown substantially in recent years. The genomics revolution has revealed an underlying unity between the cells and tissues of eukaryotic organisms from yeast to humans. No uniquely human biological mechanisms have yet come to light. This common evolutionary heritage makes it possible to use genetically tractable organisms to model important aspects of human medical disorders such as cancer, birth defects, neurological dysfunction, reproductive failure, malnutrition, and aging in systems amenable to rapid and powerful experimentation. Applying model systems in this way will allow us to identify common genes, proteins, and processes that underlie human medical conditions. It will allow us to systematically decipher the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions that influence complex multigenic disorders. Above all, disease models have the potential to address a growing gap between our ability to collect human genetic data and to productively interpret and apply it. If model organism research is supported with these goals in mind, we can look forward to diagnosing and treating human disease using information from multiple systems and to a medical science built on the unified history of life on earth. 相似文献
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Studies of conservation biology involving tiger beetles have become increasingly common in the last 15 years. Governments
and NGOs in several countries have considered tiger beetles in making policy decisions of national conservation efforts and
have found tiger beetles useful organisms for arguing broad conservation issues. We trace the evolution of the relationship
between tiger beetle studies and conservation biology and propose that this history may in itself provide a model for anticipating
developments and improvements in the ability of conservation biology to find effective goals, gather appropriate data, and
better communicate generalizations to non-scientific decision makers, the public, and other scientists. According to the General
Continuum of Scientific Perspectives on Nature model, earliest biological studies begin with natural history and concentrate
on observations in the field and specimen collecting, followed by observing and measuring in the field, manipulations in the
field, observations and manipulations in the laboratory, and finally enter theoretical science including systems analysis
and mathematical models. Using a balance of historical and analytical approaches, we tested the model using scientific studies
of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) and the field of conservation biology. Conservation biology and tiger beetle studies
follow the historical model, but the results for conservation biology also suggest a more complex model of simultaneous parallel
developments. We use these results to anticipate ways to better meet goals in conservation biology, such as actively involving
amateurs, avoiding exclusion of the public, and improving language and style in scientific communication.
CXLV, Studies of Tiger Beetles 相似文献
13.
Thijs J. G. Ettema Ann‐Christin Lindås Karin Hjort Andrzej B. Poplawski Henrik Kaessmann Dennis W. Grogan Zvi Kelman Anders F. Andersson Erik A. Pelve Magnus Lundgren Staffan G. Svärd 《Molecular microbiology》2014,92(5):903-909
On 19 January 2014 Rolf (‘Roffe’) Bernander passed away unexpectedly. Rolf was a dedicated scientist; his research aimed at unravelling the cell biology of the archaeal domain of life, especially cell cycle‐related questions, but he also made important contributions in other areas of microbiology. Rolf had a professor position in the Molecular Evolution programme at Uppsala University, Sweden for about 8 years, and in January 2013 he became chair professor at the Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner‐Gren Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden. Rolf was an exceptional colleague and will be deeply missed by his family and friends, and the colleagues and co‐workers that he leaves behind in the scientific community. He will be remembered for his endless enthusiasm for science, his analytical mind, and his quirky sense of humour. 相似文献
14.
Magdalena Bezanilla 《Molecular biology of the cell》2013,24(16):2491-2493
Historically, cell biologists studied organisms that represented a reasonable sampling of life''s diversity, whereas recently research has narrowed into a few model systems. As a result, the cells of plants have been relatively neglected. Here I choose three examples to illustrate how plants have been informative and could be even more so. Owing to their ease of imaging and genetic tractability, multicellular plant model systems provide a unique opportunity to address long-standing questions in cell biology. 相似文献
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Metallo-proteinase from 8-d-old seedlings of kale was isolated. The enzyme was extracted with 1% NaCl, concentrated by ammonium sulfate and finally purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated enzyme had a molecular weight of 22.4 kDa and showed a maximum activity at pH 9.0 using casein as a substrate. Proteolytic activity of proteinase was inhibited by chelators. The inhibition by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) was abolished by some divalent metals ions, especially by Zn2+. The enzyme showed activity against the synthetic peptides Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Leu-pNA and Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, and hydrolized the following peptide bonds in the oxidized insulin B-chain: Leu6-Cya7, Leu15-Tyr16, Leu17—Val18 and Phe25-Tyr26.Abbreviations EDTA
ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography
- NEM
N-ethylmaleimide
- PCMB
p-mecuribenzoic acid
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
This work was supported by the University Science Programme, Ministry of National Education, and Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland. 相似文献
17.
Graham CF 《The International journal of developmental biology》2008,52(2-3):171-178
An informal account records the remaining traces of Tarkowski's research visits to the United Kingdom and France. The account has many authors and it should not be regarded as an exact history. The early 1960s began with the dramatic production of chimaeras at the University of Bangor and the long term exchange of information with Anne McLaren's Edinburgh laboratory. The techniques of parthenogenesis and nuclear transfer became the obsession of the 1970's and Tarkowski pursued the problem in Oxford (U.K.), in France, and with his group in Warsaw (Poland). A variant of this theme emerged during the 1980's and this was attempts to produce interspecies hybrids in Oxford and Warsaw. During the 1990's, the Warsaw laboratory became sufficiently well funded to make his trips unnecessary and his pupils became a Polish Diaspora of Embryologists. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology》1996,3(2):1-105
Papers from the 17th Annual International Gravitational Physiology Meeting in Warsaw, Poland in 1996 are presented. Topics covered include gravitational physiology results from spaceflight and weightlessness studies, simulated weightlessness experiments including hypokinesia, immersion, and bedrest, research on bone and muscle tissue and lower body negative pressure. 相似文献
19.
Nowak M 《Experimental & applied acarology》2011,54(2):191-197
The distribution of the meadow tick, Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) is divided into two separate areas—Western Europe and Eastern (Russian). The break in distribution of this species
falls in Poland, as well as other sites. The populations of D. reticulatus in Poland, which have been confirmed by collecting ticks from vegetation, are located in the north-eastern and western parts
of the country, although there are also reports of D. reticulatus occurring on hosts in several parts of Poland which have not been confirmed by collecting ticks from vegetation. Until this
research was carried out, the view was that this species does not occur in the western part of Poland in the area between
the Vistula and Oder rivers. In the site surveys conducted in the Lubuskie Province (western part of Poland around the city
of Zielona Góra, about 55 km from the Polish-German border), during the springtime activity peak for adult stages looking
for hosts, seven natural implantations of D. reticulatus were discovered where 208 tick specimens were collected by flagging. These were exclusively adult stages, including 127 females
and 81 males. Because of the distance (around 350 km) from the nearest focus in Mazuria in North-eastern Poland, the populations
discovered have been named the D. reticulatus “Lubuskie Focus”. The research proves for the first time that D. reticulatus occurs in Western Poland. The research indicates that D. reticulatus is the second most important tick in Poland, after Ixodes
ricinus (L.), which is epidemiologically very important, especially as a parasite on dogs and cattle. The proliferation of the meadow
tick in Central Europe is inseparably linked with the expansion of canine babesiosis. 相似文献
20.
R Nabielek 《Zeitschrift für mikroskopisch-anatomische Forschung》1983,97(3):393-408
Henryk Fryderyk Hoyer (1834--1907) is rightly considered to be the father of Polish histology. Despite his major scientific achievements his work has undeservedly been overlooked in the medical historical literature outside Poland. Apart from the fact that Hoyer was the first to have conclusively proved on the basis of successful histological methods the existence of arteriovenous anastomoses, his innovations in the area of histological technique were of the greatest importance for histological research. Here the most important publications of Hoyer in German scientific journals are considered. Until now there has been no critical historical analysis of Hoyer's German works. This is the first attempt at such an analysis. 相似文献