Comparability and validity of two clinical scores in the early differential diagnosis of acute stroke.

OBJECTIVE--To compare two available clinical scores for the differential diagnosis of cerebral ischaemia and haemorrhage in acute stroke patients. DESIGN--Prospective, multicentre study of acute stroke patients evaluated with computed tomography and Allen and Siriraj scores; the scores were tested for comparability (kappa statistic) and validity (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic gain). The effect of a policy of using Allen and Siriraj scores to determine pathological type of stroke before computed tomography was calculated. SETTING--Three hospitals in Italy, all participating in the international stroke trial, with different access facilities to computed tomography. SUBJECTS--231 consecutive patients who were screened in the three hospitals for possible inclusion in the international stroke trial from 1 November 1991 to 31 May 1993. RESULTS--The prevalence of haemorrhage (diagnosed with computed tomography) was 14.7% (95% confidence interval 10.1% to 19.3%). Allen scores were "uncertain" in 44 cases and Siriraj scores in 38 cases; in the 164 cases with both the scores in the range of "certainty" kappa was 0.72. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic gain for haemorrhage were 0.38, 0.98, 0.71, 0.91, and 0.58 for Allen scores and 0.61, 0.94, 0.63, 0.93, and 0.48 for Siriraj scores; positive predictive values for infarction were 91% for Allen scores and 93% for Siriraj scores. According to these data, of 1000 patients with acute stroke, 680 would be correctly and 70 wrongly diagnosed as "ischaemic" with the Allen score; the figures would be 671 and 48 with Siriraj score. CONCLUSION--When computed tomography is not immediately available and the clinician wishes to start antithrombotic treatment (or randomise patients in a clinical trial), the Siriraj score (and possibly the Allen score) can be useful to identify patients at low risk of intracerebral haemorrhage.     

590. WOLLEMIA NOBILIS

Summary.  Wollemia nobilis W.G. Jones, K.D. Hill & J.M. Allen, ( Araucariaceae ) was recently discovered in Australia. The male and female strobili and a typical shoot are illustrated, and photographs of the trees in habitat are shown.     

有关月桂族Tribus Laureae一些问题的评述

本文为作者在研究樟科月桂族的基础上,通过对一些有关问题的讨论,阐明月桂族在樟科中的地位。假伞形花序下的苞片由螺旋状排列(互生)演变成外面的苞片增大、质地变厚变硬,并两两交互对生,可视为假伞形花序演进的重要阶段,构成了月桂族关键性的形态特征.月桂族在命名上过去延用木姜子族Tribus Litseeae Mez,因在这一族内包括有樟科Lauraceae的模式属月桂圆Laurus L.,根据现行的《国际植物命名法规》应该用月桂族Tribus Laureae的名称。     

Garland Allen,Thomas Hunt Morgan,and Development

Garland E. Allen’s 1978 biography of the Nobel Prize winning biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan provides an excellent study of the man and his science. Allen presents Morgan as an opportunistic scientist who follows where his observations take him, leading him to his foundational work in Drosophila genetics. The book was rightfully hailed as an important achievement and it introduced generations of readers to Morgan. Yet, in hindsight, Allen’s book largely misses an equally important part of Morgan’s work – his study of development and regeneration. It is worth returning to this part of Morgan, exploring what Morgan contributed and also why he has been seen by contemporaries and historians such as Allen as having set aside some of the most important developmental problems. A closer look shows how Morgan’s view of cells and development that was different from that of his most noted contemporaries led to interpretation of his important contributions in favor of genetics. This essay is part of a special issue, revisiting Garland Allen's views on the history of life sciences in the twentieth century.     

The genus Coprotus (Pezizales) in Norway

The following seven species of Coprotus from Norway are reported: C. disculus Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, C. granuliformis (Crouan) Kimbrough, C. lacteus (Cooke & Phillips) Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, of which Humana zamurensis Pat. & Gaill. is shown to be a taxonomic synonym, C. leucopocillum Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, C. luteus Kimbrough, Luck–Allen & Cain, C. ochraceus (Crouan) J. Moravec and C. sexdecimsporus (Crouan) Kimbrough & Korf. A key, comments on distribution and substrate preference are provided for the species treated.     

Purchasing Power: Black Kids and American Consumer Culture.

Purchasing Power: Black Kids and American Consumer Culture. Elizabeth Chin. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. 272 pp.     

Marine nematodes from Guadeloupe and other Caribbean Islands. II. Draconematidae

Fourteen species of the nematode family Draconematidae have been found in meiofaunal samples from the Lesser Antilles. Three species, Dracograllus antillensis sp. n., Drucognomus simplex (Gerlach, 1954) and D. Marioni Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 are described or redescribed; information on juvenile stages is included. Faunistic and ecological data are presented for the remaining 11 species.     

High-resolution gene expression atlases for adult and developing mouse brain and spinal cord

Knowledge of the structure, genetics, circuits, and physiological properties of the mammalian brain in both normal and pathological states is ever increasing as research labs worldwide probe the various aspects of brain function. Until recently, however, comprehensive cataloging of gene expression across the central nervous system has been lacking. The Allen Institute for Brain Science, as part of its mission to propel neuroscience research, has completed several large gene-mapping projects in mouse, nonhuman primate, and human brain, producing informative online public resources and tools. Here we present the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas, covering ~20,000 genes throughout the adult mouse brain; the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas, detailing expression of approximately 2,000 important developmental genes across seven embryonic and postnatal stages of brain growth; and the Allen Spinal Cord Atlas, revealing expression for ~20,000 genes in the adult and neonatal mouse spinal cords. Integrated data-mining tools, including reference atlases, informatics analyses, and 3-D viewers, are described. For these massive-scale projects, high-throughput industrial techniques were developed to standardize and reliably repeat experimental goals. To verify consistency and accuracy, a detailed analysis of the 1,000 most viewed genes for the adult mouse brain (according to website page views) was performed by comparing our data with peer-reviewed literature and other databases. We show that our data are highly consistent with independent sources and provide a comprehensive compendium of information and tools used by thousands of researchers each month. All data and tools are freely available via the Allen Brain Atlas portal (www.brain-map.org).     

Subsite mapping of enzymes. Use of subsite map to simulate complete time course of hydrolysis of a polymeric substrate.

In this paper we extend our earlier work on subsite mapping and show that our model for depolymerase action can be used to accurately predict product ratios vs the extent of reaction when a polymer is hydrolyzed. The experimental product ratios for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase acting on reducing end-labeled ¹⁴C-maltodextrins ranging in chain length 3 to 10 are reported. These data and Michaelis parameters are used with a depolymerase computer model (J. D. Allen, 1977, Ph.D. thesis, University of Arkansas; J. D. Allen and J. A. Thoma, 1976, Biochem. J.159, 105) to compute an optimized subsite map. The depolymerase computer model generates a 10-subsite map for B. amyloliquefaciens α-amylase with the catalytic site located to the left of subsite 7. The binding affinities of the subsites are then used as the sole input in another computer program to quantitatively predict the mole fraction of products vs the extent of hydrolysis for substrates of varying chain length. Excellent agreement is obtained between the computed and experimental data for seven maltodextrins examined.     

Redescription of Eimeria angusta Allen, 1934 and E. bonasae Allen, 1934 (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the Ruffed Grouse Bonasa umbellus1

SYNOPSIS Eimeria angusta Allen, 1934 and E. bonasae Allen, 1934 are redescribed from a ruffed grouse Bonasa umbellus. Oocysts of E. angusta were ellipsoidal to elongate ovoid, had micropyles and were 28-37 by 15-19 μ (mean 32.5 by 17.1 μ), with a length-width ratio of 1.67-2.19 (mean 1.91). Eimeria bonasae oocysts were spherical to subspherical and 18-25 by 18-23 μ (mean 21.6 by 20.6), with a length-width ratio of 1.00-1.16 (mean 1.05).     

樟科豺皮樟基名考证

Litsea rotundifolia var．oblongifolia（Nees）Allen作为豺皮樟学名被广泛使用,而lozoste rotundifolia var．oblongi-folia Nees则长期被认为是其基名,经研究发现Litsea rotundifolia var．oblongifolia（Nees）Allen的基名是Actinodaphne chinensis var．oblongifolia Nees。     

Partial characterization of skeletal myoblast mitogens in mouse crushed muscle extract.

We have utilized a model system to investigate myotrophic factors released by normal adult mouse muscles following a crush injury. We found that saline extracts from gently crushed mouse muscles (CME) contain potent mitogenic activities which act on primary newborn mouse myoblast cultures, as well as on mouse C2 cells, a mouse myoblast cell line. We compared the activity of CME on mouse myoblasts with that of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), two growth factors known to be mitogenic for primary myoblasts (Allen, Dodson, and Lutein: Exp. Cell. Res., 152:154-160, 1984; DiMario and Strohman: Differentiation, 39:42-49, 1988; Allen and Boxhorn: J. Cell. Physiol., 138:311-315, 1989; Dodson, Allen, and Hossner: Endocrinology, 117:2357-2363, 1985; Florini and Magri: Am. J. Physiol., 256:C701-C711, 1989). We found that CME could act in an additive fashion to saturating doses of bFGF to increase proliferation in myoblast cultures. Additionally, CME acted additively to the combination of saturating amounts of bFGF and IGF-I on both C2 and primary myoblast cultures. We also examined additivity of CME with the combination of saturating doses of bFGF, IGF-I, transferrin (Tf), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Our data indicate that CME contains Tf, as well as one or more uncharacterized mitogens for myoblasts which are distinct from Tf, the IGFs, bFGF, EGF, PDGF, M-CSF, and ACTH. These uncharacterized mitogens may act independently of known growth factors to stimulate myoblast proliferation, or may act through modulation of known growth factor activities.     

南海海绵Pachychalinasp.化学成份的研究

从中国南海海绵Pachychalina sp.正丁醇可溶部分获得了5个化合物,通过UV,IR,~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,MS,~1H-~1HDQFCOSY等实验确定了它们的结构分别是:对羟基苯醋酸甲酯(1),胸腺嘧啶(2),尿嘧啶(3),胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(4)和尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(5)。其中化合物(1)是首次从我国南海海洋生物中获得;化合物(5)则是首次从海绵中分离得到的天然产物。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Evolution of hydrothermal ecosystems on Earth (and Earth?), edited by Gregory R. Bock and Jamie A. Goode
Ants, by Gary J. Skinner and Geoffrey W. Allen with plates by Geoffrey Allen and line drawings by Sophie Allington
Solitary Wasps, by Peter F. Yeo and Sarah A. Corbet, (with plates by Anthony Hopkins)
The Gardener's Guide to Growing Ivies, by Peter Q. Rose     

Revision of the Genus Nacobbus Thorne and Allen, 1944 (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea)

All four species and one subspecies of the genus Nacobbus Thorne and Allen, 1944 were studied and measured from type specimens. Nacobbus batatiformis Thorne and Schuster, 1956; N. serendipiticus Franklin, 1959; and N. serendipiticus bolivianus Lordello, Zamith and Boock, 1961 are proposed as synonyms of N. aberrans (Thorne, 1935) Tborne and Allen, 1944. Nacobbus aberrans is distinguished from the type species N. dorsalis Thcrne and Allen, 1944 by the larger number of body annules between the vulva and anus; the lower position of the vulva in the young female; and the shape and number of eggs retained in the mature female.     

Use of tetrazolium salts for electron transport studies in meningopneumonitis. II. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate system

Allen, Emma G. (Downstate Medical School, State University of New York, Brooklyn). Use of tetrazolium salts for electron transport studies in meningopneumonitis. II. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate system. J. Bacteriol. 92:1041-1046. 1966.-The conditions of electron transfer from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in meningopneumonitis (MP) are described and compared with electron transfer from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by this organism. The observations suggest that, in either system, there may be more than one pathway of electron flow, and that these pathways differ from those in normal membrane particulates. It was also found that after trypsin treatment, particulates from pools of normal allantoic fluids and membranes retain the normal characteristics, whereas those from pools of MP-infected fluids and membranes assume the characteristics of MP particles from fluids.     

關於黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata Hallowell)生殖細胞來源的研究

Ⅰ.緒論關於蛙類生殖細胞之來源,一般胚胎學教本多依據B.Allen(1907)在Rana pipiens的研究,稱孵化期的幼小蝌蚪(身長,6—7毫米),由腸道頂部擠出一列内胚層細胞,當時尚未見有任何異於其他組成腸道的內胚層細胞的分化,但因其將與生殖細胞來源有關,故名之爲生殖細胞嵴。由於中胚層左右侧板在此區域會合而使該列內胚層細胞與腸道分離而爲生殖細胞索,它的位置就在剛形成的腸系膜基部。不久該索縱裂爲左右兩條,各稍向側方遷移,依附在後主靜脈下壁的外方,微微向體腔中垂懸,同時有體腔膜間皮細胞將其包圍,一齊構成生殖嵴。其中所     

BACTERIAL ROTTING OF APPLE FRUIT

Three bacterial isolates obtained from a rotten apple were found to produce actively spreading firm brown rots when stab-inoculated into Bramley's Seedling apples, but bacteria were not found at the front of the rot.
One isolate was a capsulated, non-motile, non-fluorescent, Gram-negative rod apparently not described previously. The name proposed for the isolate is Pseudomonas pomi. The other two isolates were the same and were non-capsulated, non-fluorescent, Gram-negative motile rods, usually with two polar flagella, and were considered to be identical with Ps. melophthora Allen & Riker (Allen & Riker, 1932).
The three isolates grew on media at pH 5.0 and in apples with juice of pH 3.5. For each isolate the square of the distance of the front of the rot from the point of inoculation of apples, was found to be directly proportional to the time after inoculation. The isolates were able to invade fruit at the stalk and eye ends and where the skin had been pricked. No apparent infection followed spraying leafy shoots or flowers of Bramley's Seedling trees with bacterial suspensions and there was no visible reaction after hypodermic inoculation of bacterial suspensions into apple shoots.