阿魏酸酯酶A的基因克隆与表达及其水解产物的纯化

为在毕赤酵母中表达来源于米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae的A型阿魏酸酯酶并研究其水解功能,探讨大孔树脂对其水解产物阿魏酸的纯化条件及纯化效果,以米曲霉A.oryzae CICC 40186总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR技术克隆出了米曲霉阿魏酸酯酶A(AorFaeA)成熟肽的编码基因AorfaeA,并借助pPIC9K质粒实现了其在毕赤酵母GS115中的异源表达。SDS-PAGE分析结果显示纯化后的重组阿魏酸酯酶(reAorFaeA)为单一条带,其表观分子质量约39.0 kDa。以阿魏酸甲酯为底物,经高效液相色谱法测得该酶的最高酶活为58.35 U/mg。利用reAorFaeA和木聚糖酶复合酶水解去淀粉麦麸制备阿魏酸,用大孔树脂纯化小麦麸皮阿魏酸粗提液,所测树脂中HPD-300型大孔树脂的吸附量和解吸率较高,以50%的乙醇为洗脱液,当流速为1.0 mL/min时洗脱效果较好。在该纯化条件下,阿魏酸的回收率为92%,质量分数由原材料中的0.13%富集提高到10.55%。这些研究为阿魏酸的酶法"绿色生产"及应用奠定了坚实的理论基础。     

工程菌酯酶B1的纯化及性质研究

工程菌酯酶B1降解酶经硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE SepharoseCL 6B离子交换柱层析、SephadexG 1 5 0凝胶过滤 ,得到了分离纯化 ,SDS PAGE鉴定为单一组分。经 1 2 .5 %SDS PAGE法测得分子量约为 5 6KD ,提纯倍数为33.3,收率为 1 7.9%,比活力为 74 .7U/mg。该酶的最佳作用条件是 37℃ ,pH =7.0 ,该酶作用于α 乙酸萘酯的Km为1 .35× 1 0 -3 mM ,Vmax为 2 .7× 1 0 4μ/ml。酶在pH6～ 9范围内较稳定 ,重金属Cu2 对该酶具有明显的促进作用 ,而SDS对酶具有抑制作用 ,对有机磷农药对硫磷 (1 6 0 5 )的降解率在 90min内达 91 .5 %。     

一株产阿魏酸酯酶丝状真菌的分离鉴定及其粗酶性质研究

利用平板透明圈法,筛选分离到37株具有阿魏酸酯酶活性的丝状真菌,其中1株编号为HA4087的菌株具有较强的产阿魏酸酯酶能力。经形态学观察、18S rDNA和ITS序列鉴定为互隔交链格孢霉。对该菌株所产阿魏酸酯酶的粗酶性质进行了初步研究,结果表明,在发酵培养基中发酵粗酶活力为86 mU/mL,最适作用温度为55℃,最适pH值为5.5;在55℃保温30 min后酶活力仍为90%以上;在pH4.5-6.5范围内稳定性较好,酶活仍为85%以上。试验获得了产高酶活阿魏酸酯酶的菌株,为阿魏酸酯酶的工业化应用提供前提。     

一种海洋琼胶酶的分离纯化、酶学性质研究及降解产物分析

摘要：【目的】对海洋Agarivorans albus QM38菌株所产琼胶酶的纯化工艺和酶学性质进行了研究。【方法】发酵液通过离心、(NH4 ) 2SO4盐析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow 阴离子交换层析、Sephacry S-100 凝胶过滤等纯化步骤得到SDS-PAGE电泳级纯酶,并用质谱对酶的降解产物进行分析。【结果】得到琼胶酶A,纯化倍数为17.6倍,收率为15.21 %,SDS-PAGE测定其分子量为127.8 kDa。对琼胶酶A进行了进一步的性质分析,其最适反应温度为35 ℃,最适反应pH为7.6,最适底物浓度为0.9 %,多数金属离子为其活性抑制剂。琼胶酶A的降解产物经质谱分析主要为四糖和六糖。【结论】从菌株QM38的发酵液中纯化得到的琼胶酶A具有降解凝胶态琼胶的能力,其分子量与以往报道过的琼胶酶不同。     

紫藤凝集素的分离纯化及理化性质研究

用常规方法处理的ＤＥＡＥ离子交换纤维素柱,通过线性离子强度梯度洗脱,从紫藤种子的蛋白粗提液中得到一定纯度的紫藤凝集素。纯化的凝集素凝集兔红血球的比活提高４０倍,总活力回收率为１９．２％。紫藤凝集素的分子量经ＰＡＧＥ鉴定为２０５ｋｄ,是由两种亚基构成的四聚体,这两种亚基各有２个,分子量ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定分别为７７６００ｄ和２５１００ｄ。紫藤凝集素是一种糖蛋白,等电点约为４．６０。它可凝集人的各种血     

鸡腿菇子实体多糖的分离纯化、理化性质及抗氧化活性

本研究对水溶醇沉法提取的鸡腿菇粗多糖脱蛋白方法进行了比较,最终确定Sevage法为最优的脱蛋白方法。经DEAE-纤维素52离子交换及Sephadex G-200分子层析柱分级、纯化,最终得到2个主要的多糖组分Ccp-I-A和Ccp-I-B。理化性质测定结果表明,二者均为白色絮状固体,能溶于水,不溶于无水乙醇、丙酮等有机溶剂;与斐林试剂,CTAB、硫酸-咔唑、碘-碘化钾及三氯化铁反应均为阴性。GC测定结果可知Ccp-I-A主要由甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,摩尔比为2.03∶9.52∶1;Ccp-I-B主要由岩藻糖和半乳糖组成,其摩尔比为1∶5.21。另外,Ccp-I-A和Ccp-I-B对DPPH和·OH显示出良好的清除能力,而且,相比于Ccp-I-B,Ccp-I-A的清除能力更高,当浓度为300μg/mL,其对DPPH和·OH的清除能力可分别达到72.1%和55.3%。     

附子多糖FI的分离纯化及部分理化性质研究

白附片经热水抽提、Sevag法脱蛋白、乙醇沉淀、DEAE- C32柱层析分离 ,再通过 Sephadex G- 2 0 0柱层析进一步纯化 ,得到一种纯白色粉末状多糖 ,糖含量为 97% ,平均分子量为 2 .6× 10 5,熔点为 2 70℃。经完全酸水解、薄层层析、红外光谱分析 ,证明为葡聚糖。     

阿魏酸酯酶基因工程菌研究进展

阿魏酸酯酶能水解阿魏酸、多聚阿魏酸与木聚糖以及木质素之间形成的酯键,有利于植物细胞壁的降解。介绍阿魏酸酯酶的微生物来源、阿魏酸酯酶基因工程菌构建和阿魏酸酯酶与其他酶相互协同作用等的研究进展。     

摩氏摩根菌ZJB-09203酯酶的分离纯化及性质

立体选择性水解2-羧乙基-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸乙酯(CNDE)是化学-酶法合成重大疾病治疗药物普瑞巴林的关键步骤。分离纯化了能够高效水解S-型CNDE的摩氏摩根菌ZJB-09203胞内酯水解酶,并进行酶学性质研究。采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Phenyl Sepharose 6 FF疏水柱层析、DEAE Sephadex A-50阴离子交换和羟基磷灰石Bio-Scale CHT层析,纯化得到电泳纯的酯水解酶。SDS-PAGE和凝胶过滤HPLC分析确定该酶为单亚基蛋白,分子量为68 kDa。不同碳链长度p-硝基苯酚酯特异性酶解结果表明,该酶为酯酶,酶促合成普瑞巴林手性中间体(S)-2-羧乙基-3-氰基-5-甲基己酸的最适pH为9.0,最适温度为45℃,且在pH 7.0-9.0和40℃条件下具有良好的稳定性。Ca2+、Cu2+、Mn2+对酶活有一定的促进作用,Co2+、Fe3+、Ni2+及EDTA对酶活有较强的抑制作用。此外,考察了该酯酶水解p-硝基苯酚酯的动力学参数,及CNDE浓度对转化率的影响。首次报道了能够立体选择性水解CNDE的酯酶,相关酶学性质研究将为该酶催化合成普瑞巴林手性中间体的工业化应用提供重要依据。     

箬叶多糖的分离纯化及其理化性质的研究

采用分步提取的方式从中药箬叶中分离得到８种多糖组分：酸性杂多糖ＦＳ、ＦＥ、ＦⅠ,β－Ｄ－葡萄糖醛酸聚糖ＦⅡ和四种半纤维素多糖α－Ｄ－木聚糖ＦⅢ－ａ、ＦⅢ－ｂ、ＦⅣ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ｂ．紫外光谱、红外光谱、凝胶色谱、元素分析等结果表明８种箬叶多糖为纯品．并采用纸层析,气相色谱分析确定其单糖组成．采用高效凝胶渗透色谱ＧＰＣ法测定了４种箬叶多糖ＦＥ、ＦⅠ、ＦⅢ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ａ的重均分子量Ｍｗ、数均分子量Ｍｎ,均为大分子,分子量分布较窄,纯度较高．     

Purification and biochemical characterization of feruloyl esterases from Aspergillus terreus MTCC 11096

Aspergillus terreus MTCC 11096 isolated from the soils of agricultural fields cultivating sweet sorghum was previously identified to produce feruloyl esterases (FAEs). The enzymes responsible for feruloyl esterase activity were purified to homogeneity and named as AtFAE‐1, AtFAE‐2, and AtFAE‐3. The enzymes were monomeric having molecular masses of 74, 23 and 36 kDa, respectively. Active protein bands were identified by a developed pH‐dependent zymogram on native PAGE. The three enzymes exhibited variation in pH tolerance ranging between pH 5–8 and thermostability of up to 55°C. Inhibition studies revealed that the serine residue was essential for feruloyl esterase activity; moreover aspartyl and glutamyl residues are not totally involved at the active site. Metal ions such as Ca²⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ stabilized the enzyme activity for all three FAEs. Kinetic data indicated that all three enzymes showed catalytic efficiencies (k_cat/K_m) against different synthesized alkyl and aryl esters indicating their broad substrate specificity. The peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI/TOF‐MS analysis and enzyme affinity toward methoxy and hydroxy substituents on the benzene ring revealed that the AtFAE‐1 belonged to type A while AtFAE‐2 and AtFAE‐3 were type C FAE. The FAEs could release 65 to 90% of ferulic acid from agrowaste substrates in the presence of xylanase. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:924–932, 2013     

深海沉积物微生物元基因组文库来源的新的酯酶基因的克隆、表达及酶学性质

【目的】从深海沉积物微生物元基因组文库中克隆新的酯酶基因,并进行酶学性质研究。【方法】利用含有三丁酸甘油酯的酯酶选择性筛选培养基,从深海沉积物微生物元基因组文库中筛选得到酯酶阳性Fosmid克隆。对筛选得到的fosmid FL10进行部分酶切构建亚克隆文库,筛选得到酯酶阳性亚克隆pFLS10。PCR扩增目的片段后与pET28a连接构建酯酶基因原核表达质粒,转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21。纯化表达产物并对其进行活性测定及酶学性质研究。【结果】序列分析显示该pFLS10亚克隆质粒含有一段924bp的ORF(Open Reading Frame),与一海洋元基因组文库中筛选出的酯酶ADA70030序列一致性为71%。该酶为一新的低温酯酶,对C4底物(对硝基苯丁酸酯)水解能力最强。该酶最适作用温度为20℃,最适作用pH为7.5,20℃时较为稳定,pH8-10的范围内有良好的pH稳定性,K+、Mg2+对该酶具有一定的激活作用,Mn2+等对其具有不同程度的抑制作用。【结论】应用元基因组技术筛选到了新的酯酶基因fls10并进行了克隆表达,该酶在低温及碱性条件下较为稳定且活力较高,对于工业化生产具有一定的应用潜力。关键词:深海沉积物;元基因组文库;低温酯酶;酶学特征     

嗜热细菌Clostridium thermocellum阿魏酸酯酶基因的克隆、异源表达及酶学特性分析

【目的】阐明嗜热细菌Clostridium thermocellum Xyn Z蛋白的阿魏酸酯酶催化域的酶学特性,为其在生物质能源及其它发酵工业中的应用奠定基础。【方法】分别构建了C.thermocellum Xyn Z的阿魏酸酯酶催化域(FAE)及该阿魏酸酯酶催化域和碳水化合物结合域(FAE-CBM6)编码基因的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)中异源表达,在此基础上分析比较了温度、pH、底物、金属离子及CBM6结合域对阿魏酸酯酶活性的影响。【结果】重组FAE酶及FAE-CBM6酶发挥催化活性的适宜pH值为5.0-9.0,适宜温度为50-70°C,它们对不同金属离子的响应有差异。【结论】在同一反应条件下,FAE-CBM6酶的酶活均比FAE高,说明CBM6结合域的存在对于阿魏酸酯酶活性有促进作用。     

一株产右旋糖酐酶青霉的分离及酶的纯化和性质

[目的]从土壤中筛选到一株新的产右旋糖酐酶的真菌F1001,为酶法制备药用级右旋糖酐提供新的右旋糖酐酶产生菌株.[方法]通过形态特征和ITS rDNA序列分析方法鉴定菌株.利用硫酸铵盐析、Sepharose 6B凝胶柱纯化,得到纯度较高的酶蛋白.以右旋糖酐70 kDa为底物,对右旋糖酐酶酶学性质及催化机理进行研究.[结...     

Characterization of four esterase genes and esterase activity from the gut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes

Four esterase genes and general esterase activity were investigated in the gut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Two genes (RfEst1 and RfEst2) share significant translated identity with a number of insect JH esterases. The two remaining genes (RfEst3 and RfEst4) apparently code for much shorter proteins with similarity to fungal phenolic acid esterases involved in hemicellulose solubilization. All four genes showed consistently high midgut expression. This result was further supported by colorimetric activity assays and Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which showed significant esterase activity and a number of isoforms in the midgut. The greatest esterase activity and isoform composition were detected when α‐naphthyl propionate was used as a substrate. Moreover, esterase activity and diverse isoforms were present in gut mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic sub‐cellular protein fractions, as well as in the hindgut lumen. These findings reveal an agreement between gut esterase gene expression and activity distributions, and support the idea that R. flavipes gut esterase activity is host (not symbiont)‐derived. In addition, these findings support the hypotheses that termite gut esterases may play important roles in lignocellulose digestion and caste differentiation. This study provides important baseline data that will assist ongoing functional‐genomic efforts to identify novel genes with roles in semiochemical, hormone, and lignocellulose processing in the termite gut. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A novel recombinant ethyl ferulate esterase from Burkholderia multivorans

AIMS: Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates with specific ferulic acid (FA) esterase activity and cloning of a gene encoding activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: A micro-organism with ethyl ferulate hydrolysing (EFH) activity was isolated by culture enrichment techniques. Detailed molecular identification based on species-specific primers and two conserved genes (16S rRNA and recA) led to the identification of the isolate as Burkholderia multivorans UWC10. A gene (designated estEFH5) encoding an EFH enzyme was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. Translational analysis revealed that estEFH5 encoded a polypeptide of 326 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 34.83 kDa. The EstEFH5 primary structure showed a typical serine hydrolase motif (G-H-S-L-G). The estEFH5 gene was over-expressed in Escherichia coli in an insoluble form. Following urea denaturation and in vitro refolding, the enzyme was purified using one-step His Select Nickel chromatographic column. CONCLUSION: Purified EstEFH5 showed a preference for short-chain rho-nitrophenyl esters (C2 and C3) a typical feature for carboxylesterase. Furthermore, the recombinant enzyme also retained the activity against ethyl ferulate (EF). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: A biocatalytic process for the production of FA from EF as a model substrate was demonstrated. This is the first report that describes the cloning and expression of a gene encoding FA esterase activity from the genus Burkholderia.     

Thermostable esterase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis: high-level expression, purification and characterization

The lipA gene encoding a thermostable esterase was cloned from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant esterase, with a molecular mass of approx. 43 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE, was purified to homogeneity through Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The purified enzyme actively hydrolyzed tributyrin but not olive oil. Maximum activity was observed on p-nitrophenyl (NP)-propionate (C3) and p-NP-butyrate (C4), with little activity towards p-NP-palmitate (C16). The esterase was optimally active at 70 °C (over 15 min) and at pH 9. It is highly thermostable, with a residual activity greater than 80% after incubation at 50 °C for more than 10 h. The activity was not inhibited by 5 mM EDTA and PMSF, indicating the esterase is not a metalloenzyme and may contain a specific structure around the catalytic serine residue. In addition, it was stable for 1 h at 37 °C in 1% CHAPS and Triton X-100 but not stable in 1% Tween 20 or SDS.     

Purification, characterization and mass spectrometric sequencing of a thermophilic glucuronoyl esterase from Sporotrichum thermophile

The cellulolytic system of the thermophilic fungus Sporotrichum thermophile contains a recently discovered esterase that may hydrolyze the ester linkage between the 4- O -methyl- d -glucuronic acid of glucuronoxylan and lignin alcohols. The glucuronoyl esterase named St GE1 was purified to homogeneity with a molecular mass of M _r 58 kDa and pI 6.7. The enzyme activity was optimal at pH 6.0 and 60 °C. The esterase displayed a narrow pH range stability at pH 8.0 and retained 50% of its activity after 430 and 286 min at 50 and 55 °C, respectively. The enzyme was active on substrates containing glucuronic acid methyl ester, showing a lower catalytic efficiency on 4-nitrophenyl 2- O -(methyl-4- O -methyl-α- d -glucopyranosyluronate)-β- d -xylopyranoside than its mesophilic counterparts reported in the literature, which is typical of thermophilic enzymes. St GE1 was proved to be a modular enzyme containing a noncatalytic carbohydrate-binding module. LC-MS/MS analysis provided peptide mass and sequence information that facilitated the identification and classification of St GE1 as a family 15 glucuronoyl esterase that showed the highest homology with the hypothetical glucuronoyl esterase CHGG_10774 of Chaetomium globosum CBS 148.51. This work represents the first example of the purification and identification of a thermophilic glucuronoyl esterase from S. thermophile .     

Esterification of ferulic acid with polyols using a ferulic acid esterase from Aspergillus niger

Commercially available enzyme preparations were screened for enzymes that have a high ability to catalyze direct ester-synthesis of ferulic acid with glycerol. Only a preparation, Pectinase PL “Amano” produced by Aspergillus niger, feruloylated glycerol under the experimental conditions. The enzyme responsible for the esterification was purified and characterized. This enzyme, called FAE-PL, was found to be quite similar to an A. niger ferulic acid esterase (FAE-III) in terms of molecular mass, pH and temperature optima, substrate specificity on synthetic substrates, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence. FAE-PL highly catalyzed direct esterification of ferulic acid and sinapinic acid with glycerol. FAE-PL could feruloylate monomeric sugars including arabinose, fructose, galactose, glucose, and xylose. We determined the suitable conditions for direct esterification of ferulic acid with glycerol to be as follows: 1% ferulic acid in the presence of 85% glycerol and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide at pH 4.0 and 50 °C. Under these conditions, 81% of ferulic acid could be converted to 1-glyceryl ferulate, which was identified by ¹H-NMR. The ability of 1-glyceryl ferulate to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was higher than that of the anti-oxidant butyl hydroxytoluene.