棒状杆菌启动功能片段的克隆和顺序测定

利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia Coli）的白动子探针质粒pGA46-4,从谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacrerium glutainicum）染色体DNA中筛选启动功能片段,并测定了重组质粒pGA46-4上的一个约0.4kb的启动功能片段的核营酸顺序。利用pGA46-4和棒状杆菌质粒pXZ10145的EcoRI大片段组建了在大肠杆菌和力士棒杆菌(Corvnebacierium herculis）中都能复制的穿梭质粒pXZ10。     

芽孢杆菌基因工程新载体的构建

利用从Bacillus pumilus 289中分离出的隐秘质粒pNK289(7.2kb)的复制起始调控区及启动区DNA片段和质粒pPL 601上的氯霉素乙酰基转移酶结构基因(cat-86),构建了能在B.subtilis和B. pumilus中稳定传代的质粒pNQ216(4.1kb)和pNQ402(2.8kb)。在非诱导条件下,其在含Cm的LB平皿上的外显率都比pPL600高约30％,可以用作芽孢杆菌基因克隆的质粒载体。     

除虫链霉菌复制起始区克隆和功能初步分析

真细菌在复制起始区附近的基因排布顺序相当保守。根据DnaA和DnaN的氨基酸保守序列及链霉菌对密码子的偏用性 ,设计简并引物 ,以除虫链霉菌基因组DNA为模板扩增出一条约 1.4kb的片段。序列分析表明该片段含有部分的dnaA及dnaN基因 ,并在这两个基因之间有一段非编码区 ,其上有 19个典型的DnaA盒 ,推测是除虫链霉菌的复制起始区 (oriC)。与其他链霉菌已知的oriC作比较后发现除虫链霉菌的DnaA盒在位置、方向及间隔区的长度上都高度保守 ,并归纳出其保守序列为 (T/C) (T/C) (G/A/C)TCCACA(有下划线的碱基在该位置出现频率较高 )。将这段oriC插入到仅能在大肠杆菌中复制的质粒pQC15 6中 ,重组质粒可以成功转化变铅青链霉菌ZX7。对oriC分段研究发现其 3′部分对质粒的稳定性及转化效率有促进作用。     

小单孢菌40027菌株质粒pJTU112复制区的克隆与序列特性

福堤霉素A产生菌——小单孢菌40027菌株含有两个质粒pJTU101和pJTU 112.[目的]对质粒pJTU 112复制区进行克隆,并对质粒pJTU 112复制区序列进行测定和分析.[方法]克隆质粒pJTU 112的不同DNA片段导入消除质粒的小单孢菌40027菌株,通过复制功能的测定,确定质粒pJTU 112的复制区,并进行测序和生物信息学分析.[结果]质粒pJTU 112的复制区定位在约4.7 kb的SacI-KpnI DNA片段上,测序和生物信息学分析表明:4.7 kb的SacI-KpnI DNA片段包含5个ORFs(open reading frames),其中pJTU 112.1和pJTU 112.2与质粒接合转移有关,pJTU112.3、pJTU112.4和pJTU112.5与质粒复制有关.[结论] 质粒pJTU112的复制区定位在约4.7 kb的SacI-KpnI DNA片段上.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT_1765中稳定质粒pBMB175的克隆和功能分析

从苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT_1765中克隆得到一个大小约152 kb的质粒pBMB175,构建了该质粒的限制性图谱,通过功能验证,将其最小的复制区定位在一个1151bp的片段上。分析了包含有这个复制区的一个大小为4152 bp的核苷酸序列,该片段包含有3个编码框（ORF1、OFR2和ORF3）。氨基酸序列同源性比较发现, ORF1(767AA)与UvrD_旋促酶、重组酶RecD和RecB家族具有20%～30%的相似性;ORF2（149AA）没有发现与任何已知序列具有同源性;ORF3（83AA）与pGI3中一个未知功能的蛋白（ORF7）具有34%的相似性。通过缺失及序列比较分析推测ORF2可能编码一种新的复制蛋白。因此pBMB175的复制类型可能属于一类新的复制家族。利用最小复制区构建的重组质粒在无抗生素选择压力下可稳定遗传40多代,具备构建稳定遗传质粒载体的潜力。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT-1765中稳定质粒pBMB175的克隆和功能分析

从苏云金芽胞杆菌拟步行甲亚种YBT_1765中克隆得到一个大小约15.2kb的质粒pBMB175,构建了该质粒的限制性图谱,通过功能验证,将其最小的复制区定位在一个1151bp的片段上。分析了包含有这个复制区的一个大小为4152bp的核苷酸序列,该片段包含有3个编码框(ORF1、OFR2和ORF3)。氨基酸序列同源性比较发现,ORF1(767AA)与UvrD_旋促酶、重组酶RecD和RecB家族具有20%～30%的相似性;ORF2(149AA)没有发现与任何已知序列具有同源性;ORF3(83AA)与pGI3中一个未知功能的蛋白(ORF7)具有34%的相似性。通过缺失及序列比较分析推测ORF2可能编码一种新的复制蛋白。因此pBMB175的复制类型可能属于一类新的复制家族。利用最小复制区构建的重组质粒在无抗生素选择压力下可稳定遗传40多代,具备构建稳定遗传质粒载体的潜力。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌质粒pXZ10145自发缺失突变体的特性及其重组质粒的构建

用谷氨酸棒杆菌质粒pxz10145转化钝齿棒杆菌T 6—13原生质体,得到自发缺失突变体pNAT65,该质粒为2．4kb,仍带有氯霉素抗性,经物理图谱分析表明,质粒pxz10145smaⅠ到claⅠ位点之间的片段已缺失,仍保留EcoRⅠ、XbaⅠ、BclⅠ三个酶的单切点。质粒pNAT65与pBR322用EcoRⅠ酶切连接得到重组质粒pNAR67,这一质粒在E．Coli中复制并表现Ap, Tc抗性,但氯霉素抗性能力大大降低,只能抗2μg／ml。     

麦迪霉素4"-O-丙酰基转移酶(mpt)基因结构的研究

对含有麦迪霉素4"-O-丙酰基转移酶(mpt)基因的BamHI-BamHI 8.0kb的DNA片段进行限制性酶切分析,绘制出了含有21个酶切位点的限制性酶切图谱。以含有碳霉素异戊酰基转移酶基因(CarE)的2.4kb DNA片段为探针,经Southern blot分子杂交,将mpt定位于一个EcoRI-EcoRI-Pstl 3.0kb的DNA片段上,将该片段克隆至大肠杆菌/链霉菌穿梭质粒载体pWHM3上,获得重组质粒pWFPE。含有pWFPE的螺旋霉素产生菌产二素链霉菌(S.ambofaciens)及变铅青链霉菌(J.lividans)TK24均可将内源产生的或外源加入的螺旋霉素酰化为4"-O-丙酰螺旋霉素。对EcoRI-EcoRI-PstI 3.0kbDNA片段上mpt基因进行序列分析,在该片段上有一个开放阅读框架,它以ATG为起始密码子,以TGA为终止密码子,与其序列对应的编码产物含有388个氨基酸。Mpt基因的G+C mol％为68.0,密码子第三位上G+C mol％为91.5。Mpt基因编码的氨基酸序列与CarE基因编码的氨基酸序列的相同性为67.6％,相似性为86.4％。在起始密码子上游6bp处存在…     

通过接合作用质粒从大肠杆菌到棒状杆菌的转移

构建了可接合转移的穿梭质粒pXZ911、pBZ51和pBZ52。这些质粒中含有具转移功能的Mob片段和在棒状杆菌中复制的复制区。以大肠杆菌S17—1为供体菌,通过接合转移作用,可将这些质粒转移到谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCCl3032、谷氨酸棒杆菌ATCC21543、北京棒杆菌B3、北京棒杆菌1．299、裂氏棒杆菌B43、黄色短杆菌ATCC 14067等棒状杆菌苗株,接合转移频率分别为：9X10^-5,1X10^-4,8．5x10,2．3X10^-4×10^-5,2．9X10^-5。本文还探索了大肠杆菌和几种革兰氏阳性棒状杆菌问基因转移的方法、转移频率、影响转移频率的因素、宿主范围等问题。     

链霉菌质粒pSGL1最小复制子序列测定及分析

质粒ｐＳＧＬ１（７．４ｋｂ）是从球孢链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｌｏｂｉｓｐｏｒｕｓ）中分离得到的一个高拷贝质粒,已证明其最小复制子位于Ｓａｕ３ＡＩ酶切的２０ｋｂ片段上。对该片段进行亚克隆,测序后数据表明该片段是一个新序列。仅有一个开放阅读框架（ＯＲＦＲ）位于最小复制子中,推测其编码的蛋白质含有滚环复制质粒复制酶的特定序列。     

Replication of the Streptomyces plasmid pSN22 through single-stranded intermediates

The replication of the 11 kb conjugative multicopy Streptomyces plasmid pSN22 was analyzed. Mutation and complementation analyses indicated that the minimal region essential for plasmid replication was located on a 1.9 kb fragment of pSN22, containing a trans-acting element encoding a replication protein and a cis-acting sequence acting as a replication origin. Southern hybridization showed that minimal replicon plasmids accumulated much more single-stranded plasmid molecules than did wild-type pSN22. Only one strand was accumulated. A 500 by fragment from the pSN22 transfer region was identified which reduced the relative amount of single-stranded DNA, when added in the native orientation to minimal replicon plasmids. This 500 by DNA sequence may be an origin for second-strand synthesis. It had no effect on the efficiency of co-transformation, plasmid incompatibility, or stability. The results indicate that pSN22 replicates via single-stranded intermediates by a rolling circle mechanism.     

Replication of the Streptomyces plasmid pSN22 through single-stranded intermediates

The replication of the 11 kb conjugative multicopy Streptomyces plasmid pSN22 was analyzed. Mutation and complementation analyses indicated that the minimal region essential for plasmid replication was located on a 1.9 kb fragment of pSN22, containing a trans-acting element encoding a replication protein and a cis-acting sequence acting as a replication origin. Southern hybridization showed that minimal replicon plasmids accumulated much more single-stranded plasmid molecules than did wild-type pSN22. Only one strand was accumulated. A 500 by fragment from the pSN22 transfer region was identified which reduced the relative amount of single-stranded DNA, when added in the native orientation to minimal replicon plasmids. This 500 by DNA sequence may be an origin for second-strand synthesis. It had no effect on the efficiency of co-transformation, plasmid incompatibility, or stability. The results indicate that pSN22 replicates via single-stranded intermediates by a rolling circle mechanism.     

Identification and characterization of an active plasmid partition mechanism for the novel Lactococcus lactis plasmid pCI2000

The replication region of the lactococcal plasmid pCI2000 was subcloned and analyzed. The nucleotide sequence of one 5.6-kb EcoRI fragment which was capable of supporting replication when cloned on a replication probe vector revealed the presence of seven putative open reading frames (ORFs). One ORF exhibited significant homology to several replication proteins from plasmids considered to replicate via a theta mode. Deletion analysis showed that this ORF, designated repA, is indeed required for replication. The results also suggest that the origin of replication is located outside repA. Upstream and divergently transcribed from repA, an ORF that showed significant (48 to 64%) homology to a number of proteins that are required for faithful segregation of chromosomal or plasmid DNA of gram-negative bacteria was identified. Gene interruption and transcomplementation experiments showed that this ORF, designated parA, is required for stable inheritance of pCI2000 and is active in trans. This is the first example of such a partitioning mechanism for plasmids in gram-positive bacteria.     

Analysis of the replication region of a mycobacterial plasmid, pMSC262.

We determined the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment which contains the replication region of pMSC262, a Mycobacterium scrofulaceum plasmid used to construct the Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector. The complete sequence of the fragment contained 2,504 bp with an overall G+C content of 69.8%. By deletion analysis, we found that the minimum length required for plasmid replication in M. bovis BCG was about 1.6 kb. Within this region, several open reading frames (ORFs) and a putative replication origin (ori) were identified by computer analysis. One of the ORFs, ORF2, which encodes a putative 28.9-kDa basic protein with characteristics of DNA-binding proteins, appeared to be involved in replication of the plasmid in BCG. By separation of ORF2 and the putative ori region, it was revealed that the relative locations of ORF2 and the putative ori region are likely important for replication in BCG. No DNA or amino acid homologies were found between this replication region and that of pAL5000, another mycobacterial plasmid used for vector plasmid construction. In addition, we found that this replicon did not lead to replication in E. coli and was compatible in BCG with pAL5000-derived vector plasmid pYUB75 (R. G. Barletta, D. D. Kim, S. B. Snapper, B. R. Bloom, and W. R. Jacobs, J., J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:23-30, 1992).     

Characterization of a region of plasmid pBL1 of Brevibacterium lactofermentum involved in replication via the rolling circle model.

The minimal region for autonomous replication of pBL1, a 4.5-kb cryptic plasmid of Brevibacterium lactofermentum ATCC 13869 that has been used to construct a variety of corynebacterium vectors, was shown to be contained on a 1.8-kb HindII-SphI DNA fragment. This region contains two open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF1 and ORF5) which are essential for pBL1 replication in B. lactofermentum. Accumulation of single-strand intermediates in some of the constructions indicates that plasmid pBL1 replicates via the rolling circle replication model; its plus strand and minus strand were identified by hybridization with two synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to each pBL1 strand. ORF1 seems to encode the Rep protein and showed partial homology with sequences for Rep proteins from Streptomyces plasmids which replicate via rolling circle replication such as pIJ101, pSB24, and pJV1.     

Relationship of the replication and incompatibility genes of an IncFVI haemolysin plasmid with other F-like haemolysin plasmids

The replication and incompatibility region of the IncFVI plasmid pSU502 has been isolated by in vitro DNA manipulation as part of a 12.6 kb plasmid, denominated pSU503. Plasmid pSU503 was strongly incompatible with its parental plasmid, pSU1, but was fully compatible with the haemolytic plasmids pSU316 (IncFIII/IV), pHly152 (IncI2) and pSU233 (Inc-pSU233). Furthermore, the 6.9 kb EcoRI fragment of pSU503 which carries the replication and incompatibility determinants of pSU1 did not show any detectable homology (less than 70%) with any of the haemolysin-determining plasmids with which it is compatible. Thus, homologous haemolysin determinants have become linked to apparently unrelated replicons.     

Identification and mapping of regions that confer plasmid functions and of sites for excisive recombination of plasmid pMMC7105

Summary Strain PP808 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola contains pEXC8080 (34.6 kb), the smallest of several plasmids that originated by partial excision of the cryptic plasmid, pMMC7105 (150 kb), from the host chromosome. This excision plasmid is derived entirely of sequences from pMMC7105 and contains a 24 kb region referred to as common DNA, which is present in each of the other excision plasmids. A six enzyme restriction endonuclease map was constructed of pEXC8080. The replication region was mapped by identifying small restriction fragments that conferred replication properties to pMB1 plasmids that otherwise fail to replicate in Pseudomonas. This region is located within the common DNA and is 0.8–3.8 kb in size. Sequences from pEXC8080 failed to stabilize pMB1 derivatives in Pseudomonas in the absence of antibiotic selection, but stability functions were mapped to a region of pMMC7105 that presumably remains integrated in the chromosome of strain PP808. An incompatibility region was mapped to a 7.3 kb region on pEXC8080 that is closely linked to, but not included within, the replication region. The recombination site was mapped to a 1.2 kb region of the fusion fragment that was formed upon excision of pEXC8080. RS-I, a repetitive sequence, found on pMMC7105 was present in the fusion fragment at the site of recombination. RS-I was also mapped to BamHI fragments that recombined upon excision of pEXC8080 and suggest that it provides sites for homologous recombination.     

High copy number plasmid vectors for use in lactic streptococci

Abstract A 3.8 kb DNA fragment from plasmid pBD64 which encoded chloramphenicol and kanamycin resistance genes, but had no replication region, was used as a replicator probe to select for the replication region of the cryptic lactic streptococcal plasmid pSH71 using Bacillus subtilis as host. Three of the resultant recombinant plasmids, pCK1, pCK17 and pCK21 are described. They are vectors in Streptococcus lactis and can be used to clone Bgl II-compatible fragments into their kanamycin resistance gene. All the plasmids have single sites for restriction endonucleases Ava I, Bam HI, Eco RI, Pvu II and Xba I, while plasmids pCK17 and pCK21 have single sites for Cla I.