芽四糖淀粉酶产生菌的筛选与发酵条件的研究

从290个土样中分离到1380株细菌,加上本所其他课题组提供的细菌共1870株,其中有707株能分解淀粉,经过复筛、纸层析鉴定有3株菌的淀粉酶酶解液中主要产物是麦芽四糖,进一步用β－淀粉酶水解为麦芽糖,用萄葡糖淀粉酶水解为萄葡糖,确证为麦芽四糖。其中最优菌株为537．1,其酶解产物中麦芽四糖占90％,而其他两株菌的酶解产物中除麦芽四糖外,还有较多的麦芽糖及麦芽三糖,因此选择了537．1作为形成麦芽四糖淀粉酶的优良菌株,经鉴定,该菌属于产碱菌(Alcaligenessp．)。菌株537．1产酶的较好条件为t培养基中麦芽糖1．5％,蛋白胨0．5％,起始pH7—7．5,在27—28℃振荡培养48h。株537．1培养液可以酶解谷类、薯类和野生植物淀粉生成麦芽四糖。     

黑曲霉突变株葡萄糖淀粉酶的底物特异性

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)突变株T-21葡萄糖淀粉酶(GAI)仅能水解多种淀粉及麦芽低聚糖生成唯一产物β-葡萄糖,其水解麦芽糖及麦芽三糖的速度分别为200和570mg葡萄糖·h^(-1)·mg^(-1).GAI水解α-1,4键的速度比水解α-1.6键快100多倍.除了马铃薯淀粉外,对其它淀粉及麦芽低聚糖几乎都能100%地水解,但不能水解环状糊精,其水解各麦芽低聚糖的最先产物都比原底物少一个葡萄糖单位,说明GAI为一外切型淀粉酶.GAI对麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、可溶性淀粉、糯米淀粉、糊精及糖原的Km值分别1.92mmol/L、0.38mmol/L、0.053%、0.045%、0.059%、及0.076%,V_(max)分别为590、1370、1270、1520、1120和1220mg葡萄糖·h^(-1)·mg^(-1).D-葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯及麦芽糖醇对此酶分别具有反竞争性抑制和混合性抑制.     

黑曲霉突变株葡萄糖淀粉酶的底物特异性

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)突变株T-21葡萄糖淀粉酶(GAI)仅能水解多种淀粉及麦芽低聚糖生成唯一产物β-葡萄糖,其水解麦芽糖及麦芽三糖的速度分别为200和570mg葡萄糖·h~(-1)·mg~(-1).GAI水解α-1,4键的速度比水解α-1.6键快100多倍.除了马铃薯淀粉外,对其它淀粉及麦芽低聚糖几乎都能100%地水解,但不能水解环状糊精,其水解各麦芽低聚糖的最先产物都比原底物少一个葡萄糖单位,说明GAI为一外切型淀粉酶.GAI对麦芽糖、麦芽三糖、可溶性淀粉、糯米淀粉、糊精及糖原的Km值分别1.92mmol/L、0.38mmol/L、0.053%、0.045%、0.059%、及0.076%,V_(max)分别为590、1370、1270、1520、1120和1220mg葡萄糖·h~(-1)·mg~(-1).D-葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯及麦芽糖醇对此酶分别具有反竞争性抑制和混合性抑制.     

麦芽四糖淀粉酶基因优化表达及酶学性质分析

麦芽四糖淀粉酶是一种新型外切淀粉酶,从淀粉的非还原末端特异地顺序切割第4个α-1,4糖苷键,产物为麦芽四糖,广泛应用于食品、医疗保健等领域.对来自嗜糖假单胞菌(Pseudomonas saccharophila)的麦芽四糖淀粉酶基因序列进行优化,优化前后基因序列同源性达75％.将优化合成的成熟肽基因克隆至原核表达载体pET32a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在.包涵体经变性、复性、多步纯化,获得有活性的麦芽四糖淀粉酶.将麦芽四糖淀粉酶与不同来源的淀粉水解反应,结果表明,该酶能与7种不同来源的淀粉反应产生单一的麦芽四糖.经SDS-PAGE电泳,DNS法和硅胶板薄层色谱分析法(TLC)进行酶学性质分析,结果表明麦芽四糖淀粉酶的分子量约为57kDa,纯化后的酶液最适反应温度为45℃,最适反应pH为8.0.研究结果为麦芽四糖淀粉酶的研究和开发提供依据和参考.     

信息库

1.用细菌α-淀粉酶产生环状α-1,4-葡聚糖从枯草芽孢杆菌X-23中分离到一种新的α-淀粉酶,HGE(氢醌糖基化酶),可以在水溶液中使许多酚类化合物葡糖基化,从HGE和淀粉的反应类型分析,HGE属于细菌糖化α-淀粉酶.作者从HGE对合成直链淀粉的水解产物的HPAEC(高性能阴离子交换柱色谱法)分析结果中发现,有些产物是不被葡糖淀粉酶水解的.这类产物称作“抗萄糖淀粉酶的葡聚糖”.这类葡聚糖可以由HGE水解形成麦芽寡糖,并由HGE和葡糖淀粉酶联合水解形成葡萄糖.为了证明这类葡聚糖是环状α-1,4-葡聚糖,还进行了苯酚-硫酸盐实验,Somogyi-Neison实     

嗜碱菌碱性淀粉酶的研究

分离自内蒙古自治区察汗淖碱湖的嗜碱菌株No．1 0-1,好气,运动,细胞杆状,革兰氏染色阴性。该菌生长pH范围为8．0—13．0,最适生长pH1 0.0-ll.0,为专性嗜碱菌。在含淀粉培养基中产生胞外碱性淀粉酶,最适产酶条件是： 碳源为土豆淀粉,氮源为复合蛋白胨,Nacl浓度为2．O％,Na2CO3浓度为1．0—1．5％(pH9．9-10．5)。 酶的最适反应pH为10．0,稳定pH8．0,最适反应温度为50℃。作用于直链淀粉其水解产物为β-构型,主要产物是麦芽糖,其次为麦芽三糖、葡萄糖和麦芽四糖。嗜碱菌No.10-1产生的酶为碱性β-淀粉酶。     

产碱菌麦芽四糖淀粉酶的纯化及性质

产碱菌(Alcaligenes sp．)537．1除去菌体的培养液经硫酸铵沉淀及DEAE-纤维素离子交换柱层析,得到了凝胶电泳均一的麦芽四糖淀粉酶。纯化了141倍,酶活力回收40.1％,比活力达3308U／mg。用浓度梯度PAGE和SDS—PAGE测定酶分子量分别为68000和66000,不具亚基。用PAG-1EF测定等电点为4．45。酶反应最适pH和温度分别为7.0和60C。在pH7—10范围内稳定,该酶半衰期为37C 12小时,50 C 1小时和62 C 6分钟。 麦芽四糖淀粉酶是糖蛋白,含有4％左右的糖,含有27．10％酸性氨基酸、11.08％碱性氨基酸和1．82％色氨酸。     

一种新型淀粉酶的鉴定及其产酶菌株的筛选*

对筛选到的菌株ZX99产生的一种新型淀粉酶 (异麦芽低聚糖酶 )进行了分析鉴定。ZX99菌株能产生一种胞外淀粉酶 ,该酶能催化淀粉的降解产生异麦芽低聚糖。对原产酶菌株ZX99多次进行紫外线照射诱变后 ,获得了优良、稳定的变异菌株BS3.232 ,其产酶水平为原株的160 %。产物薄层层析证明 ,该酶能催化淀粉的降解 ,产生异麦芽糖、潘糖、异麦芽三糖和异麦芽四糖等低聚糖 ,但对普鲁兰基本不起作用 ,由此证明它是一种不同于新型普鲁兰酶 (neopullulanase)和传统淀粉酶 (amylase)的一种新型     

一种新型淀粉酶的鉴定及其产酶菌株的筛选

对筛选到的菌株ZX99产生的一种新型淀粉酶（异麦芽低聚糖酶）进行了分析鉴定,ZX99菌株能产生一种胞外淀粉酶,该酶能催化淀粉的降解产生异麦芽低聚糖,对原产酶菌株ZX99多次进行紫外线照射诱变后,获得了优良,稳定的变异菌株RB3．232,其产酶水平为原株的160％,产物薄层层析证明,该酶能催化淀粉的降解,产生异麦芽糖,潘糖,异麦芽三糖和异麦芽四糖等低聚糖,但对普鲁兰基本不起作用,由此证明它是一种不同于新型普鲁兰酶（nepullulanase)和 传统淀粉酶（amylase)的一种新型淀粉酶。     

坚强芽孢杆菌β-淀粉酶基因的核苷酸序列分析

淀粉水解酶广泛用于淀粉加工业中,何秉旺等在选育产耐热β-淀粉酶菌株中得到一株坚强芽孢杆菌（Bacillusfirmus）725,该菌株产生的淀粉酶有较好的热稳定性,水解淀粉的主要产物为麦芽糖。自然菌株产生的淀粉酶往往是多种淀粉酶的混合,为进一步研究该菌株产生的淀粉酶的性质和在工业上应用的可能性,分离了三个淀粉酶基因,在大肠杆菌中克隆和表达[1]。其中重组质粒pBA150产生的淀粉酶的淀粉水解产物主要是麦芽糖［1］。Β-淀粉酶（EC.3．2.1．2）水解淀粉的主要产物是麦芽糖,工业上可用于生产高麦芽糖浆,近年来又有β-淀粉酶用于啤酒工业的报道[2]。本文报道重组质粒pBA150的β-淀粉酶基因的序列分析及推导出的氨基酸序列同己知β-淀粉酶的氨基酸序列比较。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.