湖南武陵山地区小蹦蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

本文记述了采自湖南武陵山区的小蹦蝗属ＰｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａＺｈｅｎｇ一新种,小尾小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｆｕｒｃｕｌａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ该新种近似于秦岭小蹦蝗Ｐ．ｔｓｉｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ）。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所蝗虫研究室。     

浙江省小蹦蝗属一新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

本文记述采自中国浙江省的小蹦蝗属１新种,即乌岩岭小蹦蝗Ｐｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａｗｕｙａｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于山东大学生物系。     

甘肃省凹背蝗属一新种（蝗总科：网翅蝗科）

本文记述采自甘肃省兴隆山地区凹背蝗属一新种,兴隆山凹背蝗Ｐｔｙｇｏｎｏｔｕｓｘｉｎｇｌｏｎｇ－ｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

斑腿蝗科三个种类精子的比较研究：直翅目：蝗总科

本文通过对日本黄脊蝗Ｐａｔａｎｇａｊａｐｏｉｎｃａ（Ｉ．Ｂｄ）,短角直斑腿蝗ＳｔｅｎｏｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｓｍｉｓｔｓｈｅｎｋｏｉＷｉｌｌ和霍山蹦蝗ＳｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａｈｏｕｓｈａｎａＨｕａｎｇ精子的比较,发现了它们的精子的线粒体衍生体和中心粒侧体的超微形态结构十分相似,在精子发生过程中７、８两期精细胞线粒体衍生体周围微管的排数相一致,这３个种精子间的差异主要反映在外形头和尾的长度,线粒体衍生体的大     

拟凹背蝗属二新种：蝗总科：斑腿蝗科

本文在四川省大山地区采到拟凹背蝗属２新种,即凉山凹背蝗Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐ－ｔｙｇｏｎｏｔｕｓ ｌｉａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。及相岭拟凹背蝗Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔｙｇｏｎｏｔｕｓ ｘｉａｎｇｉｌｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ ．ｎｏｖ。     

湖南衡山蹦蝗属一新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

本文记述采自湖南省衡山地区的蹦蝗属Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａ Ｃｈａｎｇ一新种,衡山蹦蝗Ｓ．ｈｅｎｇｓｈａｎｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

东北地区蝗虫－新属及三新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文记述了采自东北地区蝗虫的一新属,拟蹦蝗属Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍｏｉｄｅｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．及三新种,千山拟蹦蝗Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍｏｉｄｅｓｑｉａｎｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、草绿拟蹦蝗Ｓｉｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｍｏｉｄｅｓｐｒａｓｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和长白山玛蝗Ｍｉｒａｍｅｌｌａｃｈａｎｇｂａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

浙江省小蹦蝗属一新种

本文记述采自中国浙江省的小蹦蝗属１新种，即乌岩岭小蹦蝗Ｐｅｄｏｐｏｄｉｓｍａ ｗｕｙａｎｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．模式标本保存于山东大学生物系。     

湖南省佯越蝗属一新种记述（直翅目：蝗总科：斑腿蝗科）

记述采自中国湖南省的佯越蝗属１新种－－黑胫佯越蝗Ｐａｒａｔｏｎｋｉｎａｃｒｉｓ ｎｉｇｒｉｔｉｂｉａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所（正模）及湖南教育学院生物系（副模）。     

甘南藏族自治州凹背蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科：网翅蝗科

本文记述采自甘肃省甘南藏族自治州凹背蝗属１新种,甘肃背蝗Ｐｔｙｇｏｎｏｔｕｓｇａｎｓｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

Quadruplexes of human telomere DNA analogs designed to contain G:A:G:A,G:G:A:A,and A:A:A:A tetrads

Replacement of two to four guanines by adenines in the human telomere DNA repeat dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ did not hinder the formation of quadruplexes if the substitutions took place in the terminal tetrad bridged by the diagonal loop of the intramolecular antiparallel three‐tetrad scaffold, as proved by CD and PAGE in both Na⁺ and K⁺ solutions. Thermodynamic data showed that, in Na⁺ solution, the dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex was destabilized, the least by the two G:A:G:A tetrads, the most by the G:G:A:A tetrad in which the adenosines replaced syn‐guanosines. In physiological K⁺ solution, the highest destabilization was caused by the 4A tetrad. In K⁺, only the unmodified dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex rearranged into a K⁺‐dependent quadruplex form, none of the multiple adenine‐modified structures did so. This may imply biological consequences for nonrepaired A‐for‐G mutations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 880–886, 2010.     

Oka: Behind the Barricades: Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistance: Spudwrench: Kahnawake Man: My Name is Kahentiiosta: Acts of Defiance

Oka: Behind the Barricades. 1998. 312 minutes. For more information contact the National Film Board of Canada, 3155 Côte de Lisse Rd., St. Laurent, Quebec H4N 2N4. Series of four videos:
Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistance. 1993. 120 minutes. Directed by Alanis Obomsawin .
Spudwrench: Kahnawake Man. 1997. 58 minutes. Directed by Alanis Obomsawin .
My Name is Kahentiiosta. 1995. 30 minutes. Directed by Alanis Obomsawin .
Acts of Defiance. 1992. 104 minutes. Directed by Alec MacLeod .     

Experimental demonstration of T:(G:G:G:G):T hexad and T:A:A:T tetrad alignments within a DNA quadruplex stem

A template-based approach was used to design unprecedented architectural motifs into a known DNA framework. The structure formed by the sequence d(GCGGTTGGAT) in 0.1 M Na(+) solution has been determined using molecular dynamics simulations constrained by distance and dihedral restraints derived from NMR experiments. The molecular topology has been previously observed for the sequence d(GCGGTGGAT) (Webba da Silva, M. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 14356-65). Insertion of a single thymine into the double chain reversal formed by the segment GGTGG results in the unprecedented experimental demonstration of a T:(G:G:G:G):T hexad. The bi-stranded hexad results from the pairing alignment of two G(T-G) triads. Each triad results from recognition of the sheared edge of a guanine by the Watson-Crick edge of a thymine of the segment GGTTGG. The alignment is stabilized by base-stacking of the thymine to the sugar pucker of the preceding thymine. The latter is involved in formation of the T:A:A:T tetrad alignment by forming a hydrogen bond with the free amino proton of a Watson-Crick aligned A:A mispair. We have thus established that residues in double chain reversal loops linking juxtaposed tetrads of a quadruplex stem may facilitate formation of yet unknown hydrogen bond alignments. By employing a systematic approach analysis of sequence motifs appearing in double chain reversals, bridging tetrad layers should allow for the prediction of topologies and architectural motifs appearing in biologically relevant genomic regions.     

A dimeric RNA quadruplex architecture comprised of two G:G(:A):G:G(:A) hexads,G:G:G:G tetrads and UUUU loops

Using CD and NMR, we determined the structure of an RNA oligomer, r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) (R14), comprising two GGAGG segments joined by a UUUU segment. A modified quadruplex structure was observed for r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) in solution even in the absence of K(+). An unusually stable dimeric RNA quadruplex architecture formed from two strands of r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) at low K(+) concentration is reported here. In each strand of r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG), two sets of successive turns in the GGAGG segments and turns at both ends of the UUUU loops drive four G-G steps to align in a parallel manner, a core with two stacked G-tetrads being formed. Two adenine bases bind to two edges of one G:G:G:G tetrad through the sheared G:A mismatch augmenting the tetrad into a G:G(:A):G:G(:A) hexad. Thus, one molecule of r(GGAGGUUUUGGAGG) folds into a modified quadruplex comprising a G:G:G:G tetrad, a UUUU double-chain reversal loop and a G:G(:A):G:G(:A) hexad. Two such molecules further associate by stacking through the dimeric hexad-hexad interface with a rotational symmetry. The ribose rings of most nucleotides take S (close to C2'-endo) puckering, which is unusual for an RNA. K(+) can increase the stability of this quadruplex structure; the number of bound K(+) was estimated from the results of the titration experiment. Besides G:G and G:A mismatches, a network of hydrogen bonds including O4'-NH(2) and C-H..O hydrogen bonds, and the extensive base stacking contribute to the high thermodynamic stability of R14. Our results could provide the stereochemical and thermodynamic basis for elucidating the biological role of the GGAGG-containing RNA segments abundantly existing in various RNAs. Relevance to quadruplex-mediated mRNA-FMRP binding and HIV-1 genome RNA dimerization is discussed.