乌饭树属植物资源的营养功能及其开发应用

对国内乌饭树属植物资源的营养功能研究进展及利用情况进行了综述,并对我国利用乌饭树植物资源存在的问题进行了分析并提出了建议。     

基于流式细胞术的乌饭树核DNA含量(2C-值)测定

核DNA含量(2C-值)是描述植物生物多样性的一个重要特征参数。该研究利用流式细胞仪检测越橘属植物乌饭树核DNA含量,建立了适合乌饭树的流式细胞术测定方法:以野生乌饭树的嫩叶为材料,以已知核DNA含量的水稻品种‘日本晴’为内标,采用GPB解离液,细胞核悬液加入50μL獉mL-1碘化丙啶染色5 min即可上机检测。结果表明:(1) 9个乌饭树单株的核DNA含量平均值为(1.22±0.03) pg,最小值为1.18 pg,最大值为1.27 pg。(2)检测结果与已知的越橘属二倍体植株的2C-值含量相似,且不同地理来源的单株DNA含量没有显著差异(P0.05),推测这9个单株为二倍体植株。(3)测定的乌饭树核DNA含量(2C-值)可丰富越橘属植物的C-值库;基于流式细胞术建立的乌饭树核DNA含量测定方法可为该属其他植物的相关研究提供借鉴。     

乌饭树浆果营养成分分析及其开发

通过对乌饭树浆果营养成份的分析,提出了开发利用乌饭树的设想.     

福建越桔属野生浆果资源与民间利用状况

初步调查了福建越桔属(Vaccinum)主要种类的野生资源、分布和民间利用情况,结果表明,该属野生资源贮量以福建中西部山区较大;民间对越桔属利用方式主要为食用乌饭树(Vaccinum bracteatum)、米饭花(V. mandarinorum)、黄背越桔(V. iteophyllum)的野生浆果,德化、霞浦等地民间还有酿酒习惯,主要用"白曲室温发酵"的方法。提出福建省发展以乌饭树为主的蓝莓产业生态区划。     

乌饭树叶色素提取工艺及色素特性的研究

本文研究了乌饭树叶色素的提取工艺以及乌饭树叶色素的特性。确立以50%的乙醇溶液作溶剂;提取时间2小时,总提取时间以不超过6小时为宜;提取温度以50℃为最佳提取条件。本文还对乌饭树叶色素的紫外吸收光谱、pH和热对其稳定性的影响以及该色素对蛋白质、毛发、淀粉、白醋、色拉油的着色能力也进行了研究和探讨。     

LED光质对乌饭树组培苗茎段增殖和生根的影响

采用发光二极管（LED）调制光质,以荧光灯为对照,研究LED不同红蓝光质比对乌饭树茎段增殖及生根的影响,为利用光质调控技术提高乌饭树组培效率和品质提供科学依据。结果表明,红光有利于新梢伸长及叶面积增加,但显著抑制叶绿素合成;蓝光抑制茎段新梢的诱导,但能促进组培苗不定根形成。红蓝复合光最有利于乌饭树组培苗茎段增殖、生物量积累以及根系发育,其中,在70% R（红光）+30% B（蓝光）处理下,带芽茎段的新梢诱导率、新梢数、叶片数、鲜重和干重均达到最大;而在生根阶段,组培苗的生根率、根数和根长在50% R+50% B处理下达到最大。此外,在单色蓝光处理下叶绿素a/b比值最大,是红光处理下的1.46倍;红蓝复合光促进乌饭树组培苗类胡萝卜素的合成。与荧光灯相比,适宜的LED光质能显著促进乌饭树茎段增殖和生根,是替代荧光灯的理想光源。     

乌饭树果作食品着色剂

乌饭树(Vaecinium bracteatum)的紫黑色浆果是一种优质水果,它可以作饮料、糖浆、烘烤食品和冰淇淋以及速冻甜食等的配料,也可作调味品。这种果实的色素含量很高,呈深红至蓝色,可以作为食品着色剂原料的来源。目前天然食品着色剂正越来越受到重视,因此,乌饭树果也势必受到人们的关注。本文主要是确立含有乌饭树果着色剂的食品的三色激励值,以及测定浆果用量不同的饮料、调味品、顶端配料和馅子等样品中的色值范围。     

乌饭树树叶的黄酮类成分研究

研究了乌饭树树叶中黄酮类化合物。利用色谱分离技术从中分离出5个黄酮类化合物,通过波谱数据分别鉴定为槲皮素、白杨黄素、芹黄素、山奈酚和木犀草素。其中除槲皮素外的4个化合物为首次发现。     

乌饭树叶色素提取工艺及色素性质再研究

本文研究了乌饭树叶色素的提了工艺及其色素的性质。确定了温度为55℃,55％的乙醇作溶剂,提取时间不超过6.5小时为最适宜条件。本文还对乌饭树叶色素的紫外吸收光谱、pH和热稳定性的影响以及该色素对蛋白质和淀粉的着色能力进一步进行了研究。     

蓝莓拟茎点枝枯病的病原

近期在山东省蓝莓种植区发现一种枝枯病害。为明确其致病菌,通过单孢分离方法和接种试验获得3个菌株。通过形态学特征观察和rDNA-ITS序列分析,确定该病原菌为乌饭树拟茎点霉Phomopsis vaccinii,即越橘间座壳Diaporthe vaccinii的无性阶段。这是乌饭树拟茎点霉所致蓝莓枝枯病在国内的首次发现。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.