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Alarm calls that carry information about the identity of the caller may help the receiver decide how to react. We recorded the tsik calls of six captive adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in two different social groups in response to snake models at two time points (summer 2014 and January 2015). We measured eight acoustic variables including duration, inter-call interval, minimum and maximum frequency, and starting, maximum and ending peak frequency. Discriminant function analyses (DFA) confirmed that calls were individually distinct at both time periods (78.88 and 79.89% correctly classified at time one and time two, respectively). Stability of the vocal signatures was assessed using the DFA model for summer 2014 to classify calls elicited in January 2015. Although the classification rates were lower in 2015, calls were still classified more than would be expected by chance (64.50%). This suggests that acoustic signatures of common marmoset tsik calls remain fairly stable over time and therefore remain recognizable by their groupmates. However, during that six-month period, at least three (out of seven) acoustic parameters changed such that they were significantly higher or lower in all six marmosets; in two marmosets six out of seven parameters changed. Changes to individual ‘voices’ of animals, despite overall stability reflected in above-chance matching of calls over time in a DFA analysis, may have implications for acoustic research. 相似文献
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Séverine Ligout Fabrice Dentressangle Nicolas Mathevon Clémentine Vignal 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2016,122(3):193-206
The benefits of recognition of family members may range from inbreeding avoidance to cooperative and coordinated behaviors within the family group. In birds, recognition of family members has almost exclusively been studied between parents and offspring or within cooperatively breeding societies. Yet, recognition of nest‐mates could be of special importance in recently fledged birds of colonial species by helping in locating the nest, maintaining family group cohesion, or allowing detection of feeding opportunities by recognizing the begging calls nest‐mates produced on the return of a parent. Here we study nest‐mate discrimination based on begging calls in fledglings of domesticated zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), a gregarious songbird living in loose colonies in which juveniles may gather in crèches and are fed by parents up to 20 d after fledging. Using playback tests, we show that fledglings called more and spent more time near the loudspeaker in response to the begging calls of their nest‐mates than to the calls of other familiar individuals. Because each fledgling was exposed to the repeated association of the begging calls of its nest‐mates and the subsequent feeding of its parents, this preferential response to the nest‐mates' calls could be a conditioned response to the food reward. Whereas fledglings answered more to male fledgling calls than to female fledgling calls, response to playback was influenced neither by the sex of the subject nor by its brood size. Discriminant function analysis based on acoustic parameters showed that begging calls carried an individual signature as well as a brood signature which might account for such nest‐mate discrimination. Begging signals are major study systems of the evolution of communication in the face of conflicts of interest between signalers and receivers. Our results suggest that eavesdropping and communication networks may be other informative frameworks to understand the design of offspring solicitation signals. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The Cracidae rank among the most threatened families of Neotropical birds, and studies of their vocal behavior may help guide conservation and monitoring efforts. We describe the vocal behavior of Great Curassows (Crax rubra), a little‐studied Cracid species currently listed as vulnerable. From 2008 to 2010, we recorded curassows in northwest Costa Rica using both handheld and automated digital recorders. Analysis of recordings revealed that Great Curassows had a vocal repertoire of five call types. Yip and bark calls are sex‐specific alarm calls of short duration (0.12 and 0.08 s, respectively). The descending whistle is a longer duration alarm call (2.18 s) produced primarily by males. The snarl is a short call (0.67 s) associated with a threat display produced by adults with dependent young. The boom call was the most common Great Curassow vocalization, and was given only by males. Boom calls are long (8.86 s), low‐frequency (<150 Hz), multisyllable calls comprised of four stereotyped phrases. Great Curassows often uttered boom calls well before dawn, with a peak in activity at dawn and the hours following. Males produced bouts of repeated boom calls that lasted an average of 35 min, but sometimes continued for more than 5 h. Boom calls were given from February to June, with a peak in late April and early May when breeding begins. Discriminant analysis of boom calls of birds from 10 different locations revealed interindividual variation in call structure that may be useful for bioacoustic monitoring of individuals. Our results suggest that automated recorders might provide a way to monitor the abundance of male curassows because their boom calls are given frequently during the period from February to June and can be detected at distances up to 250 m. 相似文献
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The Eagle Owl Bubo bubo is cited in Annex I of the Birds Directive of the European Union. Europe's biggest owl is extremely sensitive to human presence and needs special conservation measures. The present paper aims to show that monitoring of individuals by bioacoustic methods can be relevant to understanding population dynamics. Our study investigates the possibility of identifying a vocal signature in the wild-recorded calls of male and female Eagle Owls, and assesses the potential use of these signatures for long-term monitoring of individuals in the field. We show that both males and females of a given population can be identified individually on the basis of their calls. Our results also show that, regardless of the sex, most of the individuals recorded in the first year of the investigation may be identical to those recorded in the same places the year after. This bioacoustic approach could thus be used in studies of site fidelity. 相似文献
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A large array of communication signals supports the fission/fusion social organization in chimpanzees, and among them the acoustic channel plays a large part because of their forest habitat. Adult vocalizations convey social and ecological information to their recipients allowing them to obtain cues about an ongoing event from calls only. In contrast to adult vocalizations, information encoded in infant calls had been hardly investigated. Studies mainly focused on vocal development. The present article aims at assessing the acoustic cues that support individual identity coding in infant chimpanzees. By analyzing recordings performed in the wild from seven 3‐year‐old infant chimpanzees, we showed that their calls support a well‐defined individual vocal signature relying on spectral cues. To assess the reliability of the signature across the calls of an individual, we defined two subsets of recordings on the basis of the characteristics of the frequency modulation (whimpers and screams) and showed that both call types present a reliable vocal signature. Early vocal signature may allow the mother and other individuals in the group to identify the infant caller when visual contact is broken. Chimpanzee mothers may have developed abilities to cope with changing vocal signatures while their infant, still vulnerable, gains in independence in close habitat. Am. J. Primatol. 75:324‐332, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Noriko Katsu Kazunori Yamada Masayuki Nakamichi 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2014,120(10):1024-1034
The main objective of this study is to clarify the developmental process involved in both the usage of greeting calls and the response to greeting calls by Japanese macaques. These greeting calls facilitate affiliative interactions by communicating benign intent. Specifically, individuals frequently emit greeting calls when interacting with less‐predictable individuals. Here, we examined whether the targets at which greeting calls are directed, along with associated behavioral responses, differed among the age classes, by conducting a cross‐sectional observation of females aged 0–5 yr and their mothers. We found that infant females showed a weak tendency to emit greeting calls at no specific receivers, unlike that by older females. Adult females emitted greeting calls more frequently when approaching unrelated females than related females. In contrast, young adult or juvenile females exhibited no significant difference in the proportion of the calls with related and unrelated conspecifics. Adult and young adult females were more likely to respond affiliatively to other individuals that approached using greeting calls compared with silent approaches, whereas juveniles did not exhibit different responses to the two types of approaches. This study showed that the target‐specific usage and affiliative response to greeting calls emerge with changes in the developmental stage. Furthermore, the fact that even young adults did not use greeting calls as adults indicates that the usage of greeting calls is modified in conjunction with the expansion of social relationships. 相似文献
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Isaac Schamberg Roman M. Wittig Catherine Crockford 《Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society》2018,93(4):2071-2082
After 40 years of debate it remains unclear whether signallers produce vocalizations in order to provide receivers with information about call context or external stimuli. This has led some researchers to propose that call production is arousal‐ or affect‐based. Although arousal influences certain acoustic parameters within a call type, we argue that it cannot explain why individuals across vertebrates produce different call types. Given emerging evidence that calls are goal‐based, we argue that call type is a signal of a caller's goal to elicit a change in receiver behaviour. Using chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) as case studies, we demonstrate the two benefits of viewing call production as signalling both caller goal (which determines call type) and caller arousal (which affects within‐call‐type variation). Such a framework can explain first, why a single class of calls is apparently given in multiple contexts, and, second, why some species have larger call repertoires than others. Previous studies have noted links between sociality and repertoire size, but have not specified exactly why animals living in societies that are more complex might require a greater number of differentiated signals. The caller‐goal framework potentially clarifies how social complexity might favour call diversification. As social complexity increases, callers may need to elicit a larger number of distinct behaviours from a wider range of distinct audiences. 相似文献
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Sue Boinski 《American journal of primatology》1993,30(2):85-100
Coordinated travel by social groups is well documented, often with evidence that cognitive spatial maps are employed. Yet the mechanisms by which movement decisions are made and implemented within social groups are poorly known. In a field study of white-faced capuchin monkeys in Costa Rica it was demonstrated that a specific call, the “trill,” is used by adults in the initiation and directing of troop movement. The trills of subadults were restricted to vocal exchanges with other subadults. Continuous vocal recordings were collected of the vocalizations of the 14 members of the study troop. A cumulative 33.7 h of continuous samples and 1,892 sonagrams were analyzed. In addition to vocalizations clearly associated with alarm, distress, or agonistic contexts, two distinct call types were identified, trills and huhs. Age-sex classes differed in the rate at which both types of calls were produced in different spatial positions within the troop. Adult females and males produced higher rates of trills when in the leading edge compared to all other spatial positions in a traveling troop. Trills at the edge of a stationary troop represented 36 “successful” and 3 “unsuccessful” start attempts; the troop usually moved in the trajectory predicted by a trilling adult's location on the troop periphery within 10 min of the initiation of trilling. Adults also altered the trajectory of traveling troops by trilling at the side and back of the troop (10 “successful” and 4 “unsuccessful” attempts). Huh vocalizations were most predictably produced when a capuchin is in a dense fruit patch. These results emphasize the role vocalizations serve in the coordination and trajectory of group movement in nonhuman primates, especially those populations that are arboreal or in which visual contact is otherwise impeded. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. 相似文献
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Formants are important phonetic elements of human speech that are also used by humans and non-human mammals to assess the body size of potential mates and rivals. As a consequence, it has been suggested that formant perception, which is crucial for speech perception, may have evolved through sexual selection. Somewhat surprisingly, though, no previous studies have examined whether sexes differ in their ability to use formants for size evaluation. Here, we investigated whether men and women differ in their ability to use the formant frequency spacing of synthetic vocal stimuli to make auditory size judgements over a wide range of fundamental frequencies (the main determinant of vocal pitch). Our results reveal that men are significantly better than women at comparing the apparent size of stimuli, and that lower pitch improves the ability of both men and women to perform these acoustic size judgements. These findings constitute the first demonstration of a sex difference in formant perception, and lend support to the idea that acoustic size normalization, a crucial prerequisite for speech perception, may have been sexually selected through male competition. We also provide the first evidence that vocalizations with relatively low pitch improve the perception of size-related formant information. 相似文献
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Loud and frequent vocalizations play an important role in courtship behavior in Cervus species. European red deer (Cervus elaphus) produce low‐pitched calls, whereas North American elk (Cervus canadensis) produce high‐pitched calls, which is remarkable for one of the biggest land mammals. Both species engage their vocal organs in elaborate maneuvers but the precise mechanism is unknown. Vocal organs were compared by macroscopic and microscopic dissection. The larynx is sexually dimorphic in red deer but not in elk. The laryngeal lumen is more constricted in elk, and narrows further during ontogeny. Several elements of the hyoid skeleton and two of four vocal tract segments are longer in red deer than in elk allowing greater vocal tract expansion and elongation. We conclude that elk submit the larynx and vocal tract to much higher tension than red deer, whereby, enormously stressed vocal folds of reduced effective length create a high resistance glottal source. The narrow, high impedance laryngeal vestibulum matches glottal and vocal tract impedance allowing maximum power transfer. In red deer longer and relaxed vocal folds create a less resistant glottal source and a wider vestibulum matches the low glottal impedance to the vocal tract, thereby also ensuring maximum power transfer. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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动物社会网络分析法(animal social network analysis,ASNA)是一套用于研究动物社会性、量化个体间各种社会关系、揭示个体行为与社会结构动态之间联系的工具,被广泛应用于多种动物类群的行为学研究。该分析方法所提供的一系列指标也非常适用于探究动物的声音交流及鸣声结构。在此,本文首先简要介绍了网络分析法的基本概念及一些常用的指标;然后基于野外和室内研究实例,阐述了如何利用ASNA建立声音通讯网络、量化声音交流,以及将ASNA与被动声学监测技术相结合的应用前景;随后探讨了ASNA在分析鸣声相似性及鸣声地理变异中的优势;最后概述了ASNA在解析鸣声结构和句法规则中的应用。ASNA为研究动物通讯网络以及声音信号的适应性进化提供了新的视角和新的思路。 相似文献
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Luisa F. Arnedo Francisco D.C. Mendes Karen B. Strier 《American journal of primatology》2010,72(2):122-128
We investigated whether sex differences in spatial dynamics correlate with rates of staccato and neigh vocalizations in northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural–Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 2,727 10 min focal subject samples were collected on 32 adult females and 31 adult males between April 2007 and March 2008. Compared with males, females spent a significantly lower proportion of their time in proximity to other group members and gave staccatos at significantly higher rates while feeding, resting, and traveling. Conversely, males emitted neigh vocalizations at significantly higher rates than females when feeding and resting only. Both sexes gave significantly more staccatos when feeding than when they were engaged in other activities, but their respective rates of neighs did not vary across activities. Both females and males emitted staccato vocalizations at significantly higher rates during times of the year when preferred foods were scarce, but no seasonal differences in the rates of neigh vocalizations were observed in either sex. Females and males showed a reduction in the number of neighbors following staccato vocalizations and an increase in the number of neighbors following neigh vocalizations. Our findings of sex differences in the rates of staccato and neigh vocalizations and the effects of these vocalizations on interindividual spacing are consistent with sex differences in spatial dynamics, and confirm the role of vocal communication in mediating spatial associations in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 72:122–128, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Nelson A. Velásquez Jesus Marambio Enzo Brunetti Marco A. Méndez Rodrigo A. Vásquez Mario Penna 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2013,110(1):142-155
The study of intraspecific variation of acoustic signals and its relationship with genetic divergence is important for understanding the origin of divergence in communication systems. We studied geographical variation in the acoustic structure of advertisement calls from five populations of the four‐eyed frog, Pleurodema thaul, and its relationship with the genetic divergence among these populations. By analyzing temporal and spectral parameters of the advertisement calls, we report that the signals of northern, central, and southern populations have remarkable differences between them. A phylogeographical analysis from a mitochondrial DNA fragment demonstrated three phylogenetic groups coincident with those found with the bioacoustics analysis. Furthermore, bioacoustic and genetic distances show significant correlations after controlling for geographical distance. These results suggest that behavioural divergence among populations of P. thaul has a phylogenetic basis, supporting three evolutionary units within this species, as well as prompting the exploration of divergence processes in the sound communication system of this species. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110 , 142–155. 相似文献
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Common marmosets vocalize phee calls as isolation calls, which seem to facilitate their reunion with family groups. To identify multiple acoustic properties with different time courses, we examined acoustic modulations of phees during different social contexts of isolation. Subject marmosets were totally isolated in one condition, were visually isolated and could exchange vocalizations in another condition, and were visually isolated and subsequently totally isolated in a third condition. We recorded 6,035 phees of 10 male–female marmoset pairs and conducted acoustic analysis. The marmosets frequently vocalized phees that were temporally elongated and louder during isolation, with varying time courses of these changes in acoustic parameters. The vocal rates and sound levels of the phees increased as soon as the marmosets saw their pair mates being taken away, and then gradually calmed down. The phee duration was longer in conditions during which there were no vocal responses from their pair mates. Louder vocalizations are conspicuous and seem to be effective for long‐distance transmission, whereas shorter call duration during vocal exchanges might avoid possible vocal overlap between mates. Am. J. Primatol. 72:681–688, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Benjamin D. Charlton Jennifer L. Keating Li Rengui Yan Huang Ronald R. Swaisgood 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2010,277(1684):1101-1106
Although female mammal vocal behaviour is known to advertise fertility, to date, no non-human mammal study has shown that the acoustic structure of female calls varies significantly around their fertile period. Here, we used a combination of hormone measurements and acoustic analyses to determine whether female giant panda chirps have the potential to signal the caller''s precise oestrous stage (fertile versus pre-fertile). We then used playback experiments to examine the response of male giant pandas to female chirps produced during fertile versus pre-fertile phases of the caller''s reproductive cycle. Our results show that the acoustic structure of female giant panda chirps differs between fertile and pre-fertile callers and that male giant pandas can perceive differences in female chirps that allow them to determine the exact timing of the female''s fertile phase. These findings indicate that male giant pandas could use vocal cues to preferentially associate and copulate with females at the optimum time for insemination and reveal the likely importance of female vocal signals for coordinating reproductive efforts in this critically endangered species. 相似文献