内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区鄂温克族民间药用植物调查

通过民间调查和植物采集,总结了内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区鄂温克族民间药用植物共18种,编录了各药用植物的名称、药用部位、功能及其使用方法,并分析讨论了鄂温克族的植物药用的特点.     

瑟宾节,欢庆在森林草原之间

鄂温克族起源于乌苏里江畔,是我国人口较少的少数民族之一,2010年统计人口三万多人,主要分布在内蒙古、黑龙江省,新疆也有少数分布。鄂温克族最大的聚居区便是海拉尔的鄂温克族自治旗。     

达翰尔族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族13项形态学研究

本文报道了内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟达翰尔族485例、鄂温克族322例、鄂伦春族100例的13项形态特征的调查结果。X^2检验结果显示,鄂温克族与鄂伦春族之间形态特征相差较远,而鄂温克族与达翰尔族之间比较相象。多数形态特征无性别差异;少数有性别差异的形态特征在3个民族中表现不一;没有一项形态特征在3个民族中均表现出有显著性别差异。13项形态特征绝大多数具族间差异。     

鄂温克族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究

用Ｈｅａｔｈ－Ｃａｒｔｅｒ人体测量法对３５７名（男１６２,女１９５）２０～６０岁的鄂温克族进行了体型平定。鄂温克族男女的平均体型值为３．５～５．０－、．６和５．２、４．４－１．５,分别属内胚层的中胚层体型和偏中胚层的内胚层体型。２０～４４岁期间,随着年龄的增长,鄂温克族男女存在着内、中因子值上升和外因子值理降的趋势,男女性的体型有显著性差异。将鄂温左族的体型值与国国内外资料进行了比较。     

中国5个民族亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性的研究

本文利用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性的方法,检测了７９名汉族,３０名鄂伦春族,３１名鄂温克族,３１名过斡尔族,２９名壮族随机选择正常个体亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因６７７位核苷酸多态性并加以比较。     

福建越桔属野生浆果资源与民间利用状况

初步调查了福建越桔属(Vaccinum)主要种类的野生资源、分布和民间利用情况,结果表明,该属野生资源贮量以福建中西部山区较大;民间对越桔属利用方式主要为食用乌饭树(Vaccinum bracteatum)、米饭花(V. mandarinorum)、黄背越桔(V. iteophyllum)的野生浆果,德化、霞浦等地民间还有酿酒习惯,主要用"白曲室温发酵"的方法。提出福建省发展以乌饭树为主的蓝莓产业生态区划。     

中国鄂温克、鄂伦春、达斡尔族永生细胞系的建立与保存

本采用ＥＢＶ（Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ Ｖｉｒｕｓ）上清液转化Ｂ淋巴细胞,并加入环胞霉素Ａ（Ｃｙｃｌｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ Ａ）抑制Ｔ淋巴细胞,成功地对中国东北地区鄂温克族、鄂伦春族及达斡尔族的部分个体建立了永生细胞系,其中鄂温克族４９株,鄂伦春族４０株,达斡尔族５１例,总计１４０株。永久保存我国特有民族的基因组,为分析其遗传学差异奠定了基础。     

中国鄂温克、鄂伦春、达斡尔族永生细胞系的建立与保存

本文采用EBV（Epstein?Barr Virus）上清液转化B淋巴细胞,并加入环胞霉素A（Cyclosporine A）抑制T淋巴细胞,成功地对中国东北地区鄂温克族、鄂伦春族及达斡尔族的部分个体建立了永生细胞系,其中鄂温克族49株,鄂伦春族40株,达斡尔族51株,总计140株。永久保存我国特有民族的基因组,为分析其遗传学差异奠定了基础。 Abstract：The immortal lymphoblastoid cell lines were established by EBV transformation of B cells and addition of cyclosporin A to inhabit the activity of T cells.In the present study ,140 immortal cell lines of the Ewenki,the Oroqen and the Daur ethnic groups in the Northeast China were established .This is an important part of the research of human genome diversity for the exploration of the origin and progression of different ethnic groups ,and also provide enough research materials for further studies.     

江西植物性农药资源及其利用

介绍了江西民间使用的30种植物性农药,并对利用植物性农药提出建议.     

鄂温克族与鄂伦春族的群体遗传学研究

对我国鄂温克族(包括内蒙古额尔古纳左旗的原“雅库特“猎人、陈巴尔虎旗原“通古斯”牧民和鄂温克旗原“索伦”牧民三个人群)和居住在内蒙古鄂伦春族自治旗和黑龙江呼玛县的鄂伦春族进行了群体遗传学调查。调查的指标和例数为:近亲结婚率与异族通婚率809起,容貌特征及人体测量655人,血型(ABO、MN和Rh抗D)1515人,皮纹1047人,血压755人,色觉1427人,苯硫脲味觉1080人和女子初潮年龄428人。
分析结果表明,鄂温克族的三个人群之间的遗传距离较大,这可能是人群起源上的不同造成的,也可能有遗传漂变以及生活环境条件在各个小隔离群中的作用。分析结果还表明,鄂伦春族猎民和鄂温克旗的鄂温克族牧民在许多遗传性状上都很相近,支持了史料上记载的这两个人群可能有共同来源的说法,或者有共同的血缘成分。     

宁夏野生食用植物资源的调查与信息数据库的建立

通过野外调查与室内工作相结合,对宁夏野生食用植物资源进行调查与统计,建立宁夏野生食用植物资源数据库,并提出了宁夏野生食用植物资源开发和利用存在的问题。结果初步调查到宁夏野生食用资源植物共计74科186属348种10类,其中饮料及野果类植物与野菜植物具有一定的开发潜力,应该在这些野生食用资源植物中进行进一步的筛选,最终主要集中于人工驯化与栽培上。此外针对宁夏野生食用植物资源开发和利用面临的问题,需加强对宁夏野生食用植物资源状况的调查,并进行深入的研究,在前面所做的基础研究上,筛选特色的野生食用资源植物进行合理的开发和利用,之后对筛选出的野生食用资源植物进行人工栽培等工作,在土地可持续利用的前提下,研究野生食用资源植物与其他栽培作物间作的模式,同时在发展过程中通过收集珍贵濒危野生植物资源植物的种质资源,而对其加以保护。     

Use and trading of wild edible herbs in the central lowveld savanna region, South Africa

The use, processing, trading, cultivation and nurturing of wild edible herbs was recorded across a rainfall gradient in the Mpumalanga lowveld. Nine villages, in three transects across the prevailing west-east rainfall gradient, were sampled by means of 20 households per village. All households made use of wild edible herbs to some extent, with households in the wettest region using the greatest diversity. The duration of availability of selected species was increased through drying, storing and processing for later consumption. Such activities were more common in the drier regions relative to the wetter villages. Approximately 38% of the respondents cultivated or nurtured wild edible herbs within their homestead or arable fields, whereas more than 77% grew exotic commercial vegetables. One quarter of respondents traded in edible herbs, largely in the winter months. Very few obtained a significant income in this way, but even casual trading provided vital supplementary income for low-income households.     

湖南浏阳市大围山区高等植物类野菜资源特征及其开发利用

大围山区高等植物类野菜共有 63科 1 5 7属 2 1 8种 ,野菜的种类占全国总种数的 1 1 .96% ,所占的比例与其他地区相比 ,比豫南大别山、四湖地区、三峡库区、包头地区、商丘市的高 ,充分显示出大围山区野菜资源的丰富性 ;从大围山区野菜的科属组成来看 ,菊科、百合科、豆科、禾本科、蔷薇科、伞形科等 1 4个大科的种数占总种数的 63 .3 0 % ,悬钩子属、锥属、胡颓子属等 1 7个大属占总种数的 2 8.90 % ;从植物学类型看 ,草本类野菜最多 ,占 5 7.3 4% ,其次是灌木、乔木 ,分别占 1 6.97%、1 3 .76% ;从食用部位来看 ,大围山的野菜以叶菜类较多 ,占 61 .47% ,其次是根茎类、果实类 ,分别占 1 7.43 %、1 6.5 1 % ;从野菜植物的生境来看 ,以山坡、林地为生境的种类较多 ,分别占 5 4.5 9%、3 1 .65 % ,表明森林是野菜植物的资源库。根据以上特征和大围山区野菜的蕴藏量、开发利用价值、利用现状 ,提出了一些开发利用对策     

山西历山国家级自然保护区菊科野生食用植物资源

经过调查研究,历山国家自然保护区有菊科野生食用植物22属、30种,分别占该保护区菊科野生植物总属数的50．00％、总种数的38．46％。该保护区菊科野生食用植物均为一、二年生或多年生草本植物,且都兼有药用功效,食用部位以嫩茎叶为主。并对该保护区菊科野生食用植物资源的开发利用提出了建议。     

Ethnobotanical Study of Edible Wild Plants in Some Selected Districts of Ethiopia

The ethnobotanical study on edible wild plants was carried out from May to December, 2001, in four districts of Ethiopia. The study areas included the rural and semiurban settings of Alamata, Cheha, Goma, and Yilmana Denssa districts of Tigray, Southern Peoples, Oromiya, and Amhara regional states, respectively. Voucher plant specimens were collected along with ethnobotanical information, and scientific names were determined. One hundred and fifty two plant parts from 130 species were recognized and consumed in these districts. Children consumed more wild plants during seasons of food availability (sufficient crop stock) than adults. There was marked increase in quantity and number of wild plant species consumed during food shortage and famine. A few of the reportedly edible species caused health problems that sometimes lead to fatality. Research into the safety and nutritional composition of edible wild plants and fungi is warranted. Selected edible wild plant species should be promoted as supplements to dietary variety and/or bridging the hungry periods of food shortage.     

中国神农架民间草药的特点与代表种类

简要介绍了神农架民间草药的特点及其代表种类,并对其中四种名称均带有"一"字、三十六种冠以"还阳"二字以及七十二种名称中以"七"字结尾组成的几类最具特色的中草药的来源和疗效进行了阐述。     

Wild Mushroom Markets in Central Mexico and a Case Study at Ozumba

Wild Mushroom Markets in Central Mexico and a Case Study at Ozumba. More than 200 species of wild edible mushrooms are consumed in Mexico, and over 100 are sold in local, regional, and wholesale markets. This paper analyzes general trends in the commercialization of wild edible mushrooms at twelve markets in central Mexico, where at least 90 species are sold and more than 100 local names were registered. The paper then focuses its analysis on the traditional market at Ozumba (state of Mexico) near Izta-Popo and Zoquiapan national parks. In 2006, 411 stands selling more than 60 mushroom species were sampled throughout the year to record information on the vendors and the species they sold. The greatest diversity of species was recorded in July and August. More than 90% of the wild mushroom vendors were women, and 64% were 40 to 60 years old. The economic value of wild mushrooms in some regions of Mexico appears to contribute to the maintenance of traditional ethnobiological knowledge, generally observed to be in overall decline.     

The maintenance of wild edible plant gathering in a Mapuche community of patagonia

The Mapuche communities of Argentina and Chile have a vast knowledge of useful plants from temperate forests of Patagonia. However, present processes of transculturation and uprooting seem to have caused a decline in wild plant gathering. This is a case study of a Mapuche community that now lives far away from the forests that their ancestors inhabited. Nineteen families from the Rams Mapuche community (83% of the total population) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, with the aim of finding out which edible wild species are known and still used, and what factors, according to the people perception, have caused the decline. People mentioned a total of 49 edible wild plants including four types of resources: Araucaria araucana seeds, the fruits and roots of bushes and herbs, and leaves of edible weeds. Factors such as the difficulty access to forests which no longer belong to them, drought and soil deterioration from overgrazing were indicated by people acting negatively on the preservation of the knowledge of plants in the younger generations.     

The Investigation on Utilization of Wild Medicinal Plants in Dietary Culture of Quanzhou,Southern Fujian

An ethnobotanical survey on the medicinal plant species marketed in Quanzhou, southern Fujian, was conducted in order to document traditional medicinal knowledge and application of medicinal plants in dietary. In addition to literature review, data was obtained using ethnobotanical tools and methods, including personal interviews during field trips, collecting herbarium specimens, and species identification by cross referencing. The results showed that: 1) There are 148 wild medicinal species, belonging to 56 plant families and 117 genera present in Quanzhou, southern Fujian. Among them, 46 species are edible wild herbs, 37 species are medicinal plants, 38 species are used as tea substituting plants or herbal tea,22 species are wild fruits, 4 species are used as spices and 1 species is used to make bean jelly; 2) The plant families which comprise a major part of the pool are Compositae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae and Moraceae; 3) This study explored the utilization of the medicinal plants in Quanzhou area, and proposed methods to inherit the culture of using wild plants in dietary, as well as methods to conserve the edible medicinal wild plant resources.     

甘肃康县野生珍稀食用菌资源应用开发前景与展望

从野生珍稀食用菌方面综述了康县食用菌的资源状况,通过对康县野生珍稀食用菌研究、开发现状的总结,就其存在的问题提出了相应的建议。简述了野生珍稀食用菌资源在康县应用开发中的广阔前景。