第三届现生和化石轮藻国际学术讨论会论文集——2000年10月16-19日,南京

Science Press,Beijing,2 0 03序第三届现生和化石轮藻国际学术讨论会于 2 0 0 0年 1 0月 1 6日至 1 9日在中国南京召开 ,来自世界各地的 30余位轮藻学者参加了会议 ,本期的《微体古生物学报》专辑即为这次轮藻学术讨论会的论文集。轮藻国际学术讨论会每四年召开一次 ,第一、第二届国际学术讨论会分别在欧洲 (法国 )和美洲 (美国 )召开 ,会议宗旨在于促进轮藻植物多学科交叉研究及加强各国同行间的学术交流。本专辑收录的论文源于南京国际学术讨论会上交流的系列学术报告 ,这些报告集中反映了各国学者对现生和化石轮藻植物研究的最新进展 …     

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第三届现生和化石轮藻国际学术讨论会于2000年10月16日至19日在中国南京召开,来自世界各地的30余位轮藻学者参加了会议,本期的《微体古生物学报》专辑即为这次轮藻学术讨论会的论文集。轮藻国际学术讨论会每四年召开一次,第一、第二届国际学术讨论会分别在欧洲(法国)和美洲(美国)召开,会议宗旨在于促进轮藻植物多学科交叉研究及加强各国同行间的学术交流。     

中国轮藻新分类群

本文报道了轮藻科2新种、1新变种、5个中国新记录：嫩江丽藻Nitella nenjiangensis sp. nov.,轮苞轮藻 Chara vertillibracteata sp. nov., 球状轮藻北京变种 Chara globularis Thuiller var. beijingensis var. nov., 腋生丽藻 Nitella axillaris Braun, 卷曲丽藻N. crispa Imah.,柔细丽藻N. gracillima Allan, 拟扇形丽藻不完全变种N. pseudoflabellata var. imperialis,阿鲁轮藻Chara arrudensis Mendes.     

首届国际现生和化石轮藻会议在法国蒙彼利埃市召开

国际现生和化石轮藻会议于1989年7月4日至8日在法国蒙彼利埃市举行,这是世界各国轮藻研究工作者的首次国际学术讨论会。来自17个国家的65位代表参加了会议。中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所黄仁金和地矿部地质科学研究院地质研究所刘俊英出席了会议。会议收到57篇论文摘要,其中有关现代轮藻的24篇,化石轮藻的33篇,内容涉及到轮藻的发育、演化、分类、微细构造、生化、生态、环境、生物地理区     

山西轮藻属新植物

本文报道采自山西省的轮藻属植物2个新种,运城轮藻Chara yunchengensis,拟灰色轮藻C.pseudocanescens和3个中国新记录,阿尔泰轮藻C.altaica,豪威轮藻C.howeana,味美轮藻簇毛变种C.delicatula var.barbata     

湖南轮藻新植物

本文报道了产自湖南省的轮藻1新种、4新变种、 5个亚洲新记录和8个中国新 记录：四盾轮藻Chara quadriscutula sp．nov., 布氏轮藻柱孢变种 C．braunii Gmelin var． cylindrospora,var．nov., 松形轮藻湖南变种 C．hydropitys var．hunanensis,var．nov., 腋球丽 藻二型变种 Nitella axilliformis Imahori var．biformis var． nov．, 小果丽藻单果变种N． microcarpa Braun var．unicarpa,var．nov．以及小果丽藻N．microcarpa Braun,细枝丽藻 N． leptoclada Braun,安氏丽藻N．annandalei Pal,疏丝丽藻N.confervacea A Braun, 细形丽 藻N．gracilliformis J. Groves,倒置丽藻N．inversa Imahori,武藏丽藻N.musashiensis Mo- rioka,稀脊丽藻N．paucicostata T. F. Allen,尖头丽藻戈尔梅变种 N． acuminata var． gollmeriana(A．Br．)Zanev．＆ R．D. Wood,博尔德鸟巢藻Tolypella boldii Sawa,长枝轮 藻Chara longifolia Robinson,匹斯汀轮藻C．pistianensis J．Vilhelm 和格氏轮藻 C.grovesiiPal。     

第三届现生及化石轮藻国际学术会议在南京召开

《第三届现生及化石轮藻国际学术会议》于 2 0 0 0年 1 0月 1 6日至 1 9日在中国南京召开 ,来自世界各地的 30位轮藻学者参加了会议 ,其中国内代表 1 7人 ,分别来自中国科学院、国家教育部、中国石油总公司等部门 ,国外代表 1 3人 ,分别来自法国、西班牙、南斯拉夫、荷兰、美国、澳大利亚、印度和哈萨克斯坦。会议共收到学术论文 2 5篇 ,其研究内容涉及到轮藻学研究的各个方面 ,会上有 1 7位代表做了大会学术报告 ,同时会议安排了 7个学术墙报展板。这些会议报告和墙报展板所介绍的内容均是轮藻学研究的焦点和前沿课题 ,引起了与会代表的极…     

湖北和江西省轮藻（Characeae）初报

最近五年(1980-1984)来。我们在湖北省西部和江西省南部的14个县、市,包括神农架林区,采集了若干轮藻标本。经过鉴定,得到此科植物二属、六种和二变种。这是此两个地区轮藻科植物的首次报告。     

Chara zeylanica Wildenow（现生轮藻）藏卵器几个特征的统计分析

本文对采自广西涠洲岛的现生轮藻Ｃｈａｒａ ｚｅｙｌａｎｉｃａ藏卵器的几个特征作了统计分析,结果表明,藏卵器的最大长度,最大宽度和螺旋环数等性状的变异有一定范围,服从统计规律,单变量的变化呈正态分布,具一明显峰值;ＬＰＡ是ＬＥＤ的线性函数,呈正相关。藏卵器乌黑细胞的钙化程度与成熟度有关。未成熟藏卵器的顶部构造为典型的轮藻型,成熟藏卵的顶部构造与有盖轮藻型接近。因此认为,Ｃｒａｍｂａｓｔｉｃｈａｒａ     

华北地台东南部二叠纪的几种轮藻

本文的主要目的是报道近年来在华北陆台东南部发现的几种二叠纪轮藻和对已发表的一种早三叠世轮藻进行再研究。 二叠纪轮藻无论产地或属种数目都极稀少。在我国最近几年才有所发现并开始研究, 王振(1984)和卢辉楠、罗其鑫(1984)     

俫人ABO血型的调查与研究

本文报告用玻片快速检验法对分布于桂西滇黔桂接壤地区的待识别民族俫人ABO血型的调查结果。俫人ABO血型的基因频率是:p=0.1189,q=0.3201,r=0.5610。俫人的血型分布特点是B>O>A,在我国南方诸民族中,俫人与海南省黎族的ABO血型分布特点相同。与周围民族的聚类分析的结果表明俫人与黎族具有最近的遗传距离,因而在系统树中聚类为一组。俫人与黎族可能共同起源于古越族的支族俚人。     

中国轮藻植物区系研究

中国轮藻植物有13种分布区类型,其中以中国特有分布占绝对优势,其它分布类型所占比例较低,说明中国轮藻植物与其它地区轮藻植物联系较少。丽藻属有10种分布区类型,缺少温带特性的分布区类型,如北温带分布、旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示丽藻属主要分布在热带和亚热带地区,而轮藻属有13种分布区类型,温带特性的分布区类型所占比例较高,如旧世界温带分布,其它分布区类型显示轮藻属主要分布在温带地区。     

西北地区潮水盆地侏罗系青土井群轮藻化石

潮水盆地青土井群为一套含煤碎屑岩,在盆地东部潮参l井青土井群三段发育大量以Aclistochara占优势的轮藻化石群,其组合特征显示浓厚的晚侏罗世色彩。青土井群一、二段轮藻化石稀少,结合地层层序,推测其地质时代为早侏罗世。围岩沉积特征表明本井轮藻化石群为浅水生物群。     

Women do not synchronize their menstrual cycles

It is widely believed that women who live together or who are close friends synchronize their menstrual cycles. We reexamined this phenomenon in two ways. First, we collected data on menstrual cycles from 186 Chinese women living in dorms for over a year. We found that women living in groups did not synchronize their cycles. Second, we reviewed the first study reporting menstrual synchrony. We found that group synchrony in that study was at the level of chance. We then show that cycle variability produces convergences and subsequent divergences of cycle onsets and may explain perceptions of synchrony. This study was supported by the Sichuan Youth Foundation of Science and Technology (Chuan Ke Ji [2001] 2) and NIH Grant No. 5R01MH065555-02. We thank Shuhuan Yang, Xia Xu, Jun Qu, Jing Zhu, Meijia Yu, & Chang Zhou for all their work in collecting the data. Without them, this study could never have been done. Zheng-Wei Yang is director and professor of the Morphometric Research Laboratory, North Sichuan Medical College, China. His main research interests are in spermatogenesis, morphometry, and stereology. Jeff Schank is associate professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis. His main research interests are in computational and biorobotic modeling of group behavior and the development of sensorimotor behavior in animals.     

Multigene phylogeny of the green lineage reveals the origin and diversification of land plants

The Viridiplantae (green plants) include land plants as well as the two distinct lineages of green algae, chlorophytes and charophytes. Despite their critical importance for identifying the closest living relatives of land plants, phylogenetic studies of charophytes have provided equivocal results [1-5]. In addition, many relationships remain unresolved among the land plants, such as the position of mosses, liverworts, and the enigmatic Gnetales. Phylogenomics has proven to be an insightful approach for resolving challenging phylogenetic issues, particularly concerning deep nodes [6-8]. Here we extend this approach to the green lineage by assembling a multilocus data set of 77 nuclear genes (12,149 unambiguously aligned amino acid positions) from 77 taxa of plants. We therefore provide the first multigene phylogenetic evidence that Coleochaetales represent the closest living relatives of land plants. Moreover, our data reinforce the early divergence of liverworts and the close relationship between Gnetales and Pinaceae. These results provide a new phylogenetic framework and represent a key step in the evolutionary interpretation of developmental and genomic characters in green plants.     

中国晚古生代轮藻化石组合

本文综述了数十年来中国晚古生代轮藻化石研究成果。与全球其它地区相比较,中国古生代轮藻化石较为丰富,可归纳为九个轮藻化石组合及三个轮藻化石层位。依据轮藻植物组成特点、演化特征以及伴生其它门类化石,论证各组合的地质时代,其中两个组合地质时代相同,属于不同的生物地理区系。     

Identification of a new characteristic species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nitella</Emphasis> (Charophyceae) from southwestern China based on morphology and molecular phylogeny

Nitella fuiana Lan & Qing sp. nov., a special kind of charophyte from Mingshan, Sichuan, China, was described in this study. The systematic position of the new species was assessed based on morphological and molecular analysis. The results of morphology comparison showed that the charophyte possessed stipulodes and 10-cell coronula. Nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL sequences analysis revealed that N. fuiana was a single clade as clustered with other species of Nitella. Combined with the morphological and molecular analysis data, our study strongly supported that N. fuiana was a new species of Nitella. This is the first report of Nitelleae species with stipulodes, which increased the morphological diversity of charophytes. This study also reminds us to pay close attention to the characteristics of stipulodes for further research on charophytes.     

湖北南襄盆地枣阳凹陷第三纪轮藻化石及其地层意义

本文研究了南襄盆地枣阳凹陷第三系玉皇顶组到凤凰镇组轮藻化石。共划分出４个组合,其时代分别属早始新世、中始新世、晚始新世和渐新世。     

Skeletal biology and behavior in ancient humans

For many years, it has been known that archaic hominids had more robust long bones than do living populations, a fact that has been linked to their more physically strenuous lives. But many questions remain. How much stronger, for example, were Neanderthals than living humans? And what does this difference in strength tell us about the behavior of our ancestors? Recent research has shown that some of our earlier assumptions about robusticity and behavior in earlier humans are either simplistic or untrue. For example, it is now clear that although earlier humans were, on the average, stronger than living peoples, this is not invariably the case. Some modern human groups have even stronger humeri than those of Neanderthals. The fact that changes in robusticity do not always neatly coincide with subsistence or technological change suggests that interpretations derived in large measure from stone-tool technology and other artifactual evidence may be misleading. This new information on physical strength in earlier humans necessitates a reassessment of traditional ideas about earlier human behavior.     

Participants' perceptions of research benefits in an African genetic epidemiology study

Background: Both the Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences and the Helsinki Declaration emphasize that the potential benefits of research should outweigh potential harms; consequently, some work has been conducted on participants' perception of benefits in therapeutic research. However, there appears to be very little work conducted with participants who have joined non‐therapeutic research. This work was done to evaluate participants' perception of benefits in a genetic epidemiological study by examining their perception of the potential benefits of enrollment. Methods: In‐depth interviews lasting between 45 and 60 minutes were conducted with a convenient sample of 25 ill patients and 25 healthy accompanying relatives enrolled in a genetic epidemiological study of tuberculosis. Recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Participants perceived that research was beneficial and some of the benefits included the generation of new knowledge, finding the cause of diseases, as well as the control, eradication and prevention of disease. Some thought that research was risky whilst others thought that the benefits outweighed the risks. Conclusion: Participants perceived research to be beneficial and most of them thought that, though it was risky, the benefits outweighed the risks. It is our view that researchers need to give serious consideration to participant's perception of benefits in designing their consent forms, to see to the fulfillment of achievable goals.