益气补肾方药对化疗荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的　探讨益气补肾方药 (由金匮肾气方加味人参、黄芪组成 ,以下均称方药 ,TS)对环磷酰胺 (CY)处理的荷H2 2 瘤小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响。方法　用CY处理荷H2 2 瘤小鼠 ,建立免疫力低下动物模型。用乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)释放法分别检测NK细胞、巨噬细胞 (M)的活性 ,用RT PCR法检测白细胞介素 12 (IL 12 )mRNA在脾脏细胞中的表达。结果　TS CY组小鼠吸光度A值为 1 332± 0 5 10 ,明显高于CY组小鼠 (P <0 0 1)。TS CY组小鼠A值为 1 12 9± 0 2 80 ,明显高于CY组小鼠 (P <0 0 1)。此方药能明显提高CY所致免疫力低下小鼠NK细胞、M的活性 ,增加IL 12在脾细胞中的表达。结论　该方药可以明显提高环磷酰胺所致免疫力低下荷瘤小鼠的非特异免疫功能。     

外源NF—IL6高表达增强巨噬细胞的细胞毒效应

白介素6核转录因子（NF－IL6）的功能非常广泛,它不仅参与炎症反应和急性期蛋白质基因、细胞因子基因的表达调控,还参与肿瘤的凋亡、抑制和维持巨噬细胞的免疫功能。为探讨NF－IL6基因的表达与巨噬细胞肿瘤杀伤活性的关系,我们用含重组NF－IL6基因编码区的表达质粒pCN,转染小鼠腹腔留居巨噬细胞,并用蛋白质印迹法证实了外源NF－IL6基因在巨噬细胞中的高表达;随后用碱性磷酸酯酶法检测高表达NF－IL6基因的巨噬细胞对肝癌细胞SMMC7721的细胞毒性。结果显示,外源NF－IL6基因的过量表达明显增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对该肝癌细胞的细胞毒活性。这表明人工加强NF－IL6的表达能增强巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。     

肿瘤抗原致敏的GM-CSF基因转染巨噬细胞对实验性肺转移肿瘤的治疗作用

研究将对巨噬细胞双重功能均具有激活作用的细胞因子GM-CSF的基因转染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,再经肿瘤抗原致敏后通过静脉注射用于实验性CT26结肠癌肺转移小鼠的治疗.结果表明,腺病毒介导的GM-CSF基因转染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞在转染后4h即可分泌较高水平的GM-CSF.转染后10d仍可有效表达;转染后16h左右小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞MHCⅡ类分子的表达明显增强,其抗原提呈能力也达最高水平;对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性显著增高;荷瘤3d的实验性CT26结肠癌肺转移小鼠经肿瘤抗原致敏的GM-CSF基因转染巨噬细胞治疗后第16天肺部转移结节数明显减少;经治疗小鼠脾细胞经诱导的CTL杀伤活性也明显升高.以上结果提示,GM-CSF基因转染及表达能有效增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的抗原提呈能力及效应功能;经肿瘤抗原刺激后其对转移性肿瘤也有明显的治疗作用.     

脑不对称性对Balb/c小鼠海马 IL-6水平的影响

研究了Balb/c小鼠海马内细胞因子白细胞介素 6 (interleukin 6 ,IL 6 )含量与脑不对称的关系。实验采用伸爪取食法将小鼠区分为左利、右利和双利鼠 ,分别于腹腔注射细菌脂多糖 (Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)或无菌生理盐水 (Saline ,NS) ,2h后快速断头 ,冰上快速分离两侧海马 ,制备海马脑组织匀浆 ,用ELISA法测定海马中IL 6蛋白含量。结果表明 :正常对照组中海马IL 6水平为右利鼠明显高于左利鼠 (P =0 0 0 1) ,左利鼠又明显高于双利鼠 (P =0 0 0 1) ,两侧海马之间无明显差别 ;注射LPS 2h后 ,海马IL 6总体水平没有变化 ,只在右利小鼠右侧海马IL 6含量明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,明显高于左利 (P <0 0 0 1)和双利 (P <0 0 0 1) ,双利Balb/c小鼠两侧海马IL 6水平明显低于右利和左利小鼠。上述结果提示 ,在正常生理状态下及LPS刺激后引起的海马IL 6水平变化均与脑不对称性有关     

肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜对小鼠巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

目的研究肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜(BF)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TLRs mRNA和细胞因子表达的影响,探索机体抗BF感染免疫的特点。方法将雄性昆明种小鼠40只随机分成2组,一组腹腔植入体外形成肺炎克雷伯菌BF的硅胶片,建立留置性医疗装置BF感染模型实验组,另一组植入与实验组同等量的浮游菌作为对照组。实时定量PCR分析2组巨噬细胞TLRs mRNA的表达水平,双抗体夹心ELISA法测定细胞因子的含量。结果实验BF组巨噬细胞TLR2、TLR4 mRNA表达量是对照浮游菌组的0.23和0.24倍;而TLR5、TLR9两组表达差异无显著性。实验BF组刺激前后IL-1、IL-2的差值明显低于对照浮游菌组,而IL-4则相反(P0.01)。结论与浮游菌相比,BF能下调小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TLR2、TLR4的表达,机体的免疫应答朝着Th2型免疫反应发展,这可能是BF相对浮游菌更容易逃脱机体免疫防御系统、引起慢性感染的机制之一。     

丙酸杆菌细胞壁骨架对小鼠乳腺癌的抑瘤作用

丙酸杆菌细胞壁骨架(Propionibacterium Cell Wall Skeleton, P-CWS)是从非致病性的丙酸杆菌中提取的乳浊状制剂。本文研究了P—CWS对小鼠乳腺癌的抑瘤作用及免疫机制。实验表明,体内给予P—CWS能活化小鼠脾脏非粘附细胞,在过继抗癌免疫试验中能抑制肿瘤的发生和发展。带瘤小鼠体内给予P—CWS能抑制肿瘤生长,改善带瘤小鼠脾脏NK、ADCC活性和腹腔巨噬细胞产生白细胞介素—1(IL—1)的能力。在体外P—CWS与脾细胞共同培养一定的时间,可提高其NK和ADCC活性;适量P—CWS与腹腔巨噬细胞共同培养48hr,能诱导巨噬细胞分泌IL—1。结果提示P—CWS具有抑瘤作用,其抑瘤效应与NK、ADCC活性增强以及腹腔巨噬细胞活化有关。P—CWS是一种有潜力的生物学反应修饰剂。     

发酵灵芝菌粉抑制小鼠肿瘤及对正常小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

研究了发酵灵芝菌粉对接种S-180瘤细胞后的实验小鼠肿瘤的抑制作用、发酵灵芝菌粉对正常的实验小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力以及脾脏自然杀伤细胞活性的影响,结果表明发酵灵芝菌粉对小鼠移植性肿瘤的生长有明显的抑制作用,但对正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力以及脾脏自然杀伤细胞的活性无明显的免疫促进作用。     

IL-37对粉尘螨诱导气道上皮及固有免疫细胞产生IL-6的作用研究

目的探讨气道上皮细胞及固有免疫细胞经粉尘螨刺激后,白细胞介素37(interleukin 37,IL-37)对其产生细胞因子IL-6的影响。方法体外培养人肺泡上皮细胞系A549、小鼠肺上皮细胞系MLE-12、小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7和原代小鼠固有淋巴样2型细胞(ILC2细胞),当细胞融合度达70%时,用IL-37预处理2 h,再给予粉尘螨粗提物刺激细胞,每种细胞均设PBS、IL-37及粉尘螨对照,并分别于不同时间点收集细胞沉淀和细胞培养液上清;用实时聚合酶链反应(real-time polymerase chain reaction,real-time PCR)法检测细胞因子IL-6在mRNA水平上的变化,用双抗体夹心ELISA检测细胞因子IL-6在蛋白水平的变化,用流式细胞术分选ILC2细胞并检测ILC2细胞表面IL-37受体的表达情况。结果粉尘螨粗提物可促进A549细胞、MLE-12细胞、RAW264.7细胞和ILC2细胞表达I L-6,且呈时间依赖的方式(P0.05)。IL-37可抑制粉尘螨粗提物所诱导的IL-6在A549细胞、MLE-12细胞和RAW264.7细胞表达(P0.05);但IL-37对粉尘螨粗提物刺激ILC2细胞分泌IL-6无明显抑制作用(P0.05)。结论IL-37可抑制粉尘螨诱导的气道上皮细胞和巨噬细胞产生IL-6,并可通过负向调控下调气道炎症反应,为IL-37在哮喘治疗中的潜在应用提供了实验依据。     

双歧杆菌总DNA对小鼠IL-2、NK活性影响的研究

目的　从双歧杆菌、大肠杆菌提取 DNA,用 DNA免疫小鼠 ,观察免疫功能的变化 ,探讨双歧杆菌 DNA对小鼠免疫功能的影响 ,并作对比研究。方法　肌肉注射提取的双歧杆菌 DNA、大肠杆菌 DNA,颈椎处死后 ,检测脾细胞的免疫功能 ,同时提取 IEL细胞与 DNA共孵育 ,检测它对 IEL细胞的激活情况及细胞因子产生情况 ,以自然杀伤细胞 (NK)活性 ,白细胞介素 2 (IL - 2 )产生能力为指标 ,测定小鼠上述各项指标变化。结果　双歧杆菌 DNA、大肠杆菌 DNA肌肉注射后 ,小鼠以上两项指标与相应对照组相比较均明显提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。双歧杆菌 DNA提高小鼠 NK活性与 IL - 2水平程度大于大肠杆菌 DNA的作用(P<0 .0 1)。结论　双歧杆菌 DNA可快速激活 NK活性 ,提高体内 IL - 2水平。其效能优于大肠杆菌DNA。     

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯抑制脂多糖诱导的巨噬细胞促炎因子TNF-α和IL-1β基因表达

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG)具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎等多种生物学特性,但对巨噬细胞中表达TNF-α及IL-1β的报告尚存在争议.本文旨在探索EGCG对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和RAW264.7细胞促炎细胞因子Tnf-α和Il-1β基因表达的影响.MTT结果显示,0~100μmol/L EGCG对RAW264.7细胞活力没有影响;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)和ELISA分析显示,1 mg/L LPS可显著升高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和RAW264.7细胞Tnf-α和Il-1βmRNA和蛋白水平,EGCG单独处理对巨噬细胞Tnf-α和Il-1β的基因表达与蛋白生成没有影响,但可以抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞Tnf-α和Il-1β的基因表达与蛋白生成,并存在剂量依赖效应.上述结果提示,EGCG可以剂量依赖方式抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞促炎细胞因子Tnf-α和Il-1β的表达,这可能与EGCG的抗炎效应有关.     

IL-23 is required for neutrophil homeostasis in normal and neutrophilic mice

IL-23 is secreted by macrophages and dendritic cells in response to microbial products and inflammatory cytokines. IL-23 is a heterodimer composed of the unique IL-23p19 subunit linked to the common p40 subunit that it shares with IL-12. IL-23 is implicated in autoimmune diseases, where it supports the expansion of IL-17A-producing CD4+ Th17 cells. IL-23 also regulates granulopoiesis in a neutrostat regulatory feedback loop through IL-17A-producing neutrophil regulatory (Tn) cells, most of which express gammadelta TCR. This homeostatic system is disrupted in mice lacking adhesion molecules like beta2-integrins (Itgb2-/-) which have defective neutrophil trafficking and neutrophilia. To test the role of IL-23 in the homeostatic regulation of circulating neutrophil numbers, we measured blood neutrophil numbers in p40-deficient (IL12b-/-) mice and found them reduced compared with wild-type mice. IL12b-/-Itgb2-/- mice, lacking beta2-integrins, IL-12, and IL-23 showed significantly blunted neutrophilia compared with Itgb2-/- mice. Treatment of both IL12b-/- and IL12b-/-Itgb2-/- mice with IL-23, but not IL-12, restored circulating neutrophil counts. Serum levels of IL-17A were readily detectable in Itgb2-/- mice, but not in IL12b-/-Itgb2-/- mice, suggesting that IL-17A production is reduced when IL-23 is absent. Similarly, tissue mRNA expression of IL-17A was reduced in IL12b-/-Itgb2-/-mice compared with Itgb2-/- controls. The total number of CD3+ IL-17A-producing Tn cells were significantly reduced in the spleen and lamina propria of IL12b-/-Itgb2-/- mice, with the largest reduction found in gammadelta+ T cells. Our results suggest a prominent role of IL-23 in the regulation of granulopoiesis and the prevalence of IL-17A-producing Tn cells.     

Down-regulation of beta2-adrenergic receptor expression by exercise training increases IL-12 production by macrophages following LPS stimulation

Three-week exercise training decreased the steady state level of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) mRNA in peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice. When peritoneal macrophages from both exercise-trained and sedentary control mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-12 mRNA and protein expression was markedly higher in trained mice than in control mice. To determine whether enhanced production of IL-12 was associated with decreased expression of beta(2)AR, we transfected the macrophage cell line, RAW264, with a eukaryotic expression vector containing beta(2)ar cDNA, establishing a cell line overexpressing beta(2)AR (RAWar). Following LPS stimulation, IL-12 mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in RAWar cells than in RAW264 cells transfected with vector alone (RAWvec). Furthermore, when the expression of transfected beta(2)AR in RAWar cells was down-regulated by a tetracycline repressor-regulated mammalian expression system, expression of IL-12 mRNA and protein following LPS stimulation tended to return to the levels in RAWvec cells. These findings indicate that macrophage production of IL-12 following LPS stimulation is regulated by the expression level of beta(2)AR, suggesting that the down-regulation of beta(2)AR expression associated with exercise training improves IL-12-induced type 1 helper T cell-mediated immune responses.     

疏肝补肾法对疲劳大鼠的学习和记忆力之影响

目的：探讨疏肝补肾法对疲劳大鼠学习和记忆力及对海马CA1区神经颗粒素（Neurogranin,Ng）的mRNA表达变化的影响。方法：成年雄性Spargue-Dawley大鼠36只,随机分为模型组（MG）、对照组（CG）、和疏肝补肾组（LK）。采用复合模型：运动疲劳模型与睡眠剥夺法造疲劳大鼠模型。运用Y迷宫进行学习和记忆力的测试。以Real-timePCR技术分析海马CA1区神经颗粒素的mRNA表达。结果：Y迷宫实验显示用药后大鼠的学习和记忆能力优于模型组,而疏肝补肾组大鼠在正确反应率、错误反应次数、达标所需训练次数和总反应时间皆与模型组有差异（分别为P〈0.01、P〈0.01、P〈0.05和P〈0.05）,其NgmRNA在海马CA1区的表达也显着高于模型组（P〈0.01）。结论：复合模型会造成大鼠学习和记忆能力受损。疏肝补肾法能显着影响疲劳大鼠的学习记忆能力及海马CA1区Ng的mRNA表达。     

TGF-beta and IL-10 regulation of IFN-gamma produced in Th2-type schistosome granulomas requires IL-12

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) regulate CD4+ T cell interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion in schistosome granulomas. The role of IL-12 was determined using C57BL/6 and CBA mice. C57BL/6 IL-4-/- granuloma cells were stimulated to produce IFN-gamma when cultured with IL-10 or TGF-beta neutralizing monoclonal antibody. In comparison, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) control granuloma cells produced less IFN-gamma. IL-12, IL-18, and soluble egg antigen stimulated IFN-gamma release from C57BL/6 IL-4-/- and WT mice. IFN-gamma production in C57 IL-4-/- and WT granulomas was IL-12 dependent, because IL-12 blockade partly abrogated IFN-gamma secretion after stimulation. All granuloma cells released IL-12 (p70 and p40), and IL-12 production remained constant after anti-TGF-beta, anti-IL-10, recombinant IL-18, or antigen stimulation. C57 WT and IL-4-/- mouse granuloma cells expressed IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) beta1-subunit mRNA but little beta2 mRNA. TGF-beta or IL-10 blockade did not influence beta1 or beta2 mRNA expression. CBA mouse dispersed granuloma cells released no measurable IFN-gamma, produced IL-12 p70 and little p40, and expressed IL-12R beta2 and little beta1 mRNA. In T helper 2 (Th2) granulomas of C57BL/6 WT and IL-4-/- mice, cells produce IL-12 (for IFN-gamma production) and IL-10 and TGF-beta modulate IFN-gamma secretion via mechanisms independent of IL-12 and IL-12R mRNA regulation. We found substantial differences in control of granuloma IFN-gamma production and IL-12 circuitry in C57BL/6 and CBA mice.     

Suppression of IL-2-induced SAA gene expression in mice by the administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist

The hepatic acute phase response induced by the administration of interleukin (IL)-2 is most likely mediated by secondary cytokines. In this investigation, we examined the role of endogenous IL-1 in the synthesis of the hepatic acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) during IL-2 treatment. The injection of IL-2 induced SAA gene expression in the liver. The concurrent administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) markedly reduced hepatic SAA mRNA levels and, to a lesser extent, SAA protein levels in the serum. Although IL-1 is an inducer of IL-6 production, the administration of the IL-1RA had no effect on circulating IL-6 levels in IL-2-treated mice. These findings suggest that the production of IL-1 is an important factor in the induction of SAA mRNA in mice undergoing immunotherapy with IL-2.     

IL-17E, a novel proinflammatory ligand for the IL-17 receptor homolog IL-17Rh1

We report identification of interleukin (IL)-17E, a novel member of the IL-17 family of cytokines. IL-17E is a ligand for the recently identified protein termed EVI27/IL-17BR, which we term IL-17 receptor homolog 1 (IL-17Rh1) in light of the multiple reported ligand-receptor relationships. Murine EVI27 was identified through its location at a common site of retroviral integration in BXH2 murine myeloid leukemias. IL-17Rh1 shows highest level expression in kidney with moderate expression in multiple other organs, whereas IL-17E mRNA was detected at very low levels in several peripheral tissues. IL-17E induces activation of NF-kappaB and stimulates production of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8.