Influence of the external and internal radioactive contamination of the body and the clothes on the results of the thyroidal 131I measurements conducted in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident—Part 2: Monte Carlo simulation of response of detectors near the thyroid

This paper describes the calculation of the response of the most common types of radiation detectors that were used within the first few weeks after the Chernobyl accident to determine the activity of ¹³¹I in the thyroids of Belarusian subjects of an epidemiologic study of thyroid cancer. The radiation detectors, which were placed against the necks of the subjects, measured the exposure rates due to the emission of gamma rays resulting from the radioactive decay of ¹³¹I in their thyroids. Because of the external and internal radioactive contamination of the monitored subjects, gamma radiation from many radionuclides in various locations contributed to the exposure rates recorded by the detectors. To estimate accurately the contribution from gamma rays emitted from various internal and external parts of the body, the calibration factors of the radiation detectors, expressed in kBq per µR h^− 1, were calculated, by means of Monte Carlo simulation, for external irradiation from unit activities of 17 radionuclides located on 19 parts of the body, as well as for internal irradiation from the same 17 radionuclides in the lungs, from caesium radionuclides distributed uniformly in the whole body, and from ¹³¹I in the thyroid. The calculations were performed for six body sizes, representative of the age range of the subjects. In a companion paper, the levels of external and internal contamination of the body were estimated for a variety of exposure conditions. The results presented in the two papers were combined to calculate the ¹³¹I activities in the thyroids of all 11,732 Belarusian study subjects of an epidemiologic study of thyroid cancer and, in turn, their thyroid doses.

     

Scaling Printable Zn–Ag2O Batteries for Integrated Electronics

Printed batteries are an emerging solution for integrated energy storage using low‐cost, high accuracy fabrication techniques. While several printed batteries have been previously shown, few have designed a battery that can be incorporated into an integrated device. Specifically, a fully printed battery with a small active electrode area (<1 cm²) achieving high areal capacities (>10 mAh cm^?2) at high current densities (1–10 mA cm^?2) has not been demonstrated, which represents the minimum form‐factor and performance requirements for many low‐power device applications. This work addresses these challenges by investigating the scaling limits of a fully printed Zn–Ag₂O battery and determining the electrochemical limitations for a mm²‐scale battery. Processed entirely in air, Zn–Ag₂O batteries are well suited for integration in typical semiconductor packaging flows compared to lithium‐based chemistries. Printed cells with electrodes as small as 1 mm² maintain steady operating voltages above (>1.4 V) at high current densities (1–12 mA cm^?2) and achieve the highest reported areal capacity for a fully printed battery at 11 mAh cm^?2. The findings represent the first demonstration of a small, packaged, fully printed Zn–Ag₂O battery with high areal capacities at high current densities, a crucial step toward realizing chip‐scale energy storage for integrated electronic systems.     

A Cost Analysis of Fully Solution‐Processed ITO‐Free Organic Solar Modules

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have become a potential candidate for clean and renewable photovoltaic productions. This work examines the current cost drivers and potential avenues to reduce costs for organic solar modules by constructing a comprehensive bottom‐up cost model. The direct manufacturing cost (MC) and the minimum sustainable price (MSP) for an opaque single solar module (SSM) (MC = 187 ¥ m^?2, MSP = 297 ¥ m^?2) and for a tandem solar module (MC = 224 ¥ m^?2, MSP = 438 ¥ m^?2) are analyzed in detail. Within this calculation, the most expensive layers and processing steps are identified and highlighted. Importantly, the low levelized cost of energy (LCOE) value for an SSM with a 10% power conversion efficiency in a 20‐year range from 0.185 to 0.486 ¥ kWh^?1, with a national average of 0.324 ¥ kWh^?1 in China under an average solar irradiance of 1200 kWh m^?2 year^?1. Moreover, the impact on the cost of alternative materials and constructions, process throughputs, module efficiency, and module lifetime, etc., is presented and avenues to further reduce the MSP and LCOE values are indicated. The analysis shows that OPVs can emerge as a competitive alternative to established power generation technologies if the remaining issues (e.g., active layer material cost, module efficiency, and lifetime) can be resolved.     

Application of the direct beta counter Matrix 96 for cytotoxic assays: Simultaneous processing and reading of 96 wells using a51Cr-retention assay

To assess the cytotoxic activity of immune cells, we have developed a⁵¹Cr-retention assay in which the radioactivity retained by⁵¹Cr-labeled target cells, following coincubation with cytotoxic cells, is monitored using the automated Matrix 96 beta counter. The Matrix 96 is designed for simultaneously counting 96 samples isolated from a 96-well microplate. It uses 96 uniform and independent detectors operating on the principle of avalanche gas ionization in the Geiger-Muller mode. Samples must be dry because the detectors are of the open-window type. Therefore, samples from the 96 wells of the microplate are simultaneously harvested onto a filter using the MicroMate 196, a 96-well cell harvester, dried and quantified in the Matrix 96. Usually the⁵¹Cr isotope is measured by the detection of gamma radiation in gamma counters. The Matrix 96, however, monitors Auger electrons, which are also emitted by⁵¹Cr. We have shown that the retention assay can be used to monitor the cytotoxic activity of activated lymphocytes including lymphokine-activated killer cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes against various tumor cell lines. This assay is most suitable for experiments in which low E/T ratios are sufficient to detect highly cytotoxic cells, such as clone screening in cloning assays or in limiting-dilution analysis assays. These assays involve processing and reading large numbers of microplates. In this case, the retention assay monitored in the Matrix 96 will improve the work flow and decrease the amount of radioactive waste.This work was supported by the American Cancer Society grant IN-162-C     

重组葡激酶和水蛭素融合蛋白的血栓靶向性机制

为解释以凝血因子Xa(FXa)的识别序列为连接肽的葡激酶和水蛭素的融合蛋白(命名为SFH)在体内的强溶栓和低出血的特征,研究分析了SFH的两个血栓靶向性作用机理.首先采用ELISA和免疫组化的方法在体外分析了由水蛭素游离的C末端赋予的SFH对血栓的靶向性,结果显示SFH对凝血酶和富含凝血酶的血栓具有更高的亲和力.为阐明SFH抗凝活性在血栓部位的靶向性释放,构建表达了仅在水蛭素N末端连接FXa识别序列的水蛭素衍生物(命名为FH).体外试验结果表明完整的FH无抗凝活性,在体内FH可以发挥抗栓作用,且出血副作用较低,这些结果说明FXa的识别序列可以封闭水蛭素的抗凝活性,在体内FH可以由于FXa的成功裂解而释放其抗凝活性,且其抗凝活性可能仅局限于血栓局部.这就间接说明了SFH的抗凝活性可以在血栓局部进行靶向性释放.以上两个血栓靶向性作用机理是SFH在体内发挥更高溶栓效率和降低出血副作用的重要机制.     

NUNDO: a numerical model of a human torso phantom and its application to effective dose equivalent calculations for astronauts at the ISS

The health effects of cosmic radiation on astronauts need to be precisely quantified and controlled. This task is important not only in perspective of the increasing human presence at the International Space Station (ISS), but also for the preparation of safe human missions beyond low earth orbit. From a radiation protection point of view, the baseline quantity for radiation risk assessment in space is the effective dose equivalent. The present work reports the first successful attempt of the experimental determination of the effective dose equivalent in space, both for extra-vehicular activity (EVA) and intra-vehicular activity (IVA). This was achieved using the anthropomorphic torso phantom RANDO^® equipped with more than 6,000 passive thermoluminescent detectors and plastic nuclear track detectors, which have been exposed to cosmic radiation inside the European Space Agency MATROSHKA facility both outside and inside the ISS. In order to calculate the effective dose equivalent, a numerical model of the RANDO^® phantom, based on computer tomography scans of the actual phantom, was developed. It was found that the effective dose equivalent rate during an EVA approaches 700 μSv/d, while during an IVA about 20 % lower values were observed. It is shown that the individual dose based on a personal dosimeter reading for an astronaut during IVA results in an overestimate of the effective dose equivalent of about 15 %, whereas under an EVA conditions the overestimate is more than 200 %. A personal dosemeter can therefore deliver quite good exposure records during IVA, but may overestimate the effective dose equivalent received during an EVA considerably.     

Manipulating Molecular Structure and Morphology to Invoke High‐Performance Sodium Storage of Copper Phosphide

Copper is used as current collector in rechargeable ion batteries due to its outstanding electronic conductivity and low cost. The intrinsic inactivity of copper, however, makes it a poor candidate for an electrode material without further structural modification. To fully utilize its high electronic conductivity, herein, the incorporation of heterogeneous phosphorus combined with building a unique 3D hollow structure is proposed. The as‐prepared copper phosphide hollow nanocubes deliver a stable capacity of 325 mAh·g^?1 at 50 mA·g^?1 and fast charging and discharging via pseudocapacitance behavior. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergetic effects of high electronic conductivity of copper and the high sodium storage capability of phosphorus. In addition, this facile synthesis method is also easily scaled up for practical applications. Thus, copper phosphide is a promising anode material for sodium ion batteries.     

Pilot-scale production and purification of a staphylokinase-based fusion protein over-expressed in Escherichia coli

SFH, a recombinant staphylokinase-based fusion protein linked by the factor Xa recognition peptide at the N-terminus of hirudin, is a promising therapeutic candidate for thromboembolic diseases. To develop SFH into a new thrombolytic agent, scaled-up production was carried out to provide sufficient preparation for animal safety and clinical studies. Here, we describe a pilot-scale cultivation and purification process for the production of SFH. A high-cell-density fed-batch cultivation for the production of SFH in E. coli was developed in a 40-L bioreactor, which produced about 1.1 g/L of recombinant protein. SFH was purified to homogeneity from the E. coli lysate by expanded bed adsorption chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography, with over 99% purity and 54% recovery. Moreover, the residual endotoxin content was less than 0.5 EU/mL. The molecular weight and in vitro bioactivity of SFH were also determined by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and fibrinolytic activity assay, respectively.     

Minimum sampling area for the monitoring of herb diversity in riparian zone of temperate rivers,China

Optimal sampling area for biodiversity monitoring is a classical scientific topic for the biodiversity research in view of the cost, human resources and ecological significance. However, how much sampling area is enough for biodiversity monitoring in riparian area, the ecotone among freshwater and terrestrial system? Whether the optimal sampling areas are different among ecoregions? To explore these scientific questions, the minimum sampling area of riparian herbs was studied in Taizi river, Liaoning province, China. The species-area relationship was modeled using average species richness in the same area (2.25, 4.5, 6.75 and 9 m²) of 55 sites distributed along riparian zone of Taizi river water course. The power model S = aA ^b modeled best, and was selected to fit species-area curves. The minimum sampling areas for total species and dominant families were calculated via the selected model and corresponding estimated species richness. Results showed that the minimum sampling areas (MSAs) for herbs diversity monitoring in whole basin, highland ecoregion, midland ecoregion and lowland ecoregion of Taizi river were 12.82, 12.06, 13.46 and 13.08 m²,respectively. The MSAs of dominant families Compositae species and Graminale species were similar to that of total species. The minimum sampling area of Taizi river riparian zone was similar to other temperate riparian grassland and wet grassland, larger than dry grassland and salt meadow. So we did not need consider ecoregion difference for temperate riparian herbs diversity monitoring in watershed scale.     

Innovations technologiques récentes en détection pour la Tomographie par Emission de Positons

Since the recognition of the clinical value of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for the diagnosis and staging of several cancers, the PET systems have evolved to systems associating PET and Computed Tomography (CT). The main constraint for clinical imaging is to reduce the acquisition duration. As a consequence, PET detectors are faster and emit more light than the BGO crystal used previously. These detectors allow an improvement of the count rate performance of the PET systems, reducing the scattered and the random events while increasing the true events at high activity concentration. Among the new crystals, some allow measuring the time of flight of the annihilation photons. This measurement further improves the performance of the systems. The spatial resolution of clinical PET systems is still equal to 5 mm at best. High spatial resolution PET systems dedicated to small animal imaging have been developed. These systems use similar crystal materials as the clinical systems. However, in order to permit spatial resolution close to 1 mm, the crystal elements have much smaller transverse dimensions than that of clinical systems. The detectors are compact using position sensitive photomultipliers or photodiodes. In order to preserve the uniformity of the spatial resolution over the transverse field of view of the tomographs, solutions allowing the measurement of the depth of interaction of the photons in the crystal have been designed. New compact detectors based on semi conductors are currently investigated.     

A Monte Carlo investigation of the spatial resolution performance of a small-animal PET scanner designed for mouse brain imaging studies

Our laboratory has developed PET detectors with depth-encoding accuracy of ∼2 mm based on finely pixelated crystals with a tapered geometry, readout at both ends with position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). These detectors are currently being used in our laboratory to build a one-ring high resolution PET scanner for mouse brain imaging studies. Due to the inactive areas around the PSAPDs, large gaps exist between the detector modules which can degrade the image spatial resolution obtained using analytical reconstruction with filtered backprojection (FBP). In this work, the Geant4-based GATE Monte Carlo package was used to assist in determining whether gantry rotation was necessary and to assess the expected spatial resolution of the system. The following factors were investigated: rotating vs. static gantry modes with and without compensation of missing data using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) method, two levels of depth-encoding, and positron annihilation effects for ¹⁸F. Our results indicate that while the static scanner produces poor quality FBP images with streak and ring artifacts, the image quality was greatly improved after compensation of missing data. The simulation indicates that the expected FWHM system spatial resolution is 0.70 ± 0.05 mm, which approaches the predicted limit of 0.5 mm FWHM due to positron range, photon non-colinearity and physical detector element size effects. We conclude that excellent reconstructed resolution without gantry rotation is possible even using FBP if the gaps are appropriately handled and that this design can approach the resolution limits set by positron annihilation physics.     

Defect‐Rich Soft Carbon Porous Nanosheets for Fast and High‐Capacity Sodium‐Ion Storage

Soft carbon has attracted tremendous attention as an anode in rocking‐chair batteries owing to its exceptional properties including low‐cost, tunable interlayer distance, and favorable electronic conductivity. However, it fails to exhibit decent performance for sodium‐ion storage owing to difficulties in the formation of sodium intercalation compounds. Here, microporous soft carbon nanosheets are developed via a microwave induced exfoliation strategy from a conventional soft carbon compound obtained by pyrolysis of 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The micropores and defects at the edges synergistically leads to enhanced kinetics and extra sodium‐ion storage sites, which contribute to the capacity increase from 134 to 232 mAh g^?1 and a superior rate capability of 103 mAh g^?1 at 1000 mA g^?1 for sodium‐ion storage. In addition, the capacitance‐dominated sodium‐ion storage mechanism is identified through the kinetics analysis. The in situ X‐ray diffraction analyses are used to reveal that sodium ions intercalate into graphitic layers for the first time. Furthermore, the as‐prepared nanosheets can also function as an outstanding anode for potassium‐ion storage (reversible capacity of 291 mAh g^?1) and dual‐ion full cell (cell‐level capacity of 61 mAh g^?1 and average working voltage of 4.2 V). These properties represent the potential of soft carbon for achieving high‐energy, high‐rate, and low‐cost energy storage systems.     

Effect on pacemakers of airport weapons detectors

An investigation was carried out using a variety of pacemakers and all the types of weapons detectors in common use in Canada, to determine whether or not such detectors present a hazard to pacemaker bearers. The results indicate that only left-side implants of unipolar sensing pacemakers are likely to be affected, that ventricular fibrillation initiated by interference-induced competitive pacing is the only conceivable hazard, but that the probability of 10⁻⁹ for the occurrence of this event is so low that it may be completely disregarded. Physicians may therefore reassure pacemaker bearers of their safety in and around airport weapons detectors.     

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) for Cancer Therapy Monitoring

In molecular imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) and optical imaging (OI) are two of the most important and thus most widely used modalities^1-3. PET is characterized by its excellent sensitivity and quantification ability while OI is notable for non-radiation, relative low cost, short scanning time, high throughput, and wide availability to basic researchers. However, both modalities have their shortcomings as well. PET suffers from poor spatial resolution and high cost, while OI is mostly limited to preclinical applications because of its limited tissue penetration along with prominent scattering optical signals through the thickness of living tissues.Recently a bridge between PET and OI has emerged with the discovery of Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI)^4-6. CLI is a new imaging modality that harnesses Cerenkov Radiation (CR) to image radionuclides with OI instruments. Russian Nobel laureate Alekseyevich Cerenkov and his colleagues originally discovered CR in 1934. It is a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle travels at a superluminal speed in a dielectric medium^7,8. The charged particle, whether positron or electron, perturbs the electromagnetic field of the medium by displacing the electrons in its atoms. After passing of the disruption photons are emitted as the displaced electrons return to the ground state. For instance, one ¹⁸F decay was estimated to produce an average of 3 photons in water⁵. Since its emergence, CLI has been investigated for its use in a variety of preclinical applications including in vivo tumor imaging, reporter gene imaging, radiotracer development, multimodality imaging, among others^4,5,9,10,11. The most important reason why CLI has enjoyed much success so far is that this new technology takes advantage of the low cost and wide availability of OI to image radionuclides, which used to be imaged only by more expensive and less available nuclear imaging modalities such as PET.Here, we present the method of using CLI to monitor cancer drug therapy. Our group has recently investigated this new application and validated its feasibility by a proof-of-concept study¹². We demonstrated that CLI and PET exhibited excellent correlations across different tumor xenografts and imaging probes. This is consistent with the overarching principle of CR that CLI essentially visualizes the same radionuclides as PET. We selected Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech/Roche) as our therapeutic agent because it is a well-known angiogenesis inhibitor^13,14. Maturation of this technology in the near future can be envisioned to have a significant impact on preclinical drug development, screening, as well as therapy monitoring of patients receiving treatments.     

Time-resolved angular dependent measurement of triggered light scattering changes in biological suspensions

We describe a photometer for time-resolved measurements of small changes in light scattering suited for suspensions of biological material. The time resolution is 35 μs, the amplitude resolution for bovine rot outer segments is typically ΔI/I = 5 · 10^?4 at a scattering angle of ? = 20°. The use of the apparatus is demonstrated by recording the near infrared scattering of bovine rod outer segments after excitation with flashes of green light.Semiconductor detector arrays are arranged centrosymmetrically around a hemispherical cuvette. The optical characteristics of a hemispherical cuvette and the resulting geometry of cuvette and detection are discussed.Calculations of optimal signal transfer and noise of the detectors led to the following arrangement for each scattering angle: pairs of parallel connected photodiodes are fed into several current-to-voltage converters, whose output voltages are summed up by a summing amplifier.For the test of the device so-called N signals of fresh and liquid N₂-frozen and thawed ROS samples were measured at four scattering angles simultaneously. A strong angular dependence (difference scattering curve) of the relative light scattering change is seen for fresh ROS which is transformed into a flat curve by freezing and thawing. It is concluded that the competence of the fresh sample to extend the light-induced local events — presumably rhodopsin conformational changes — into the gross-structural range is terminated by freezing.     

STERILIZATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS BY GAMMA RADIATION

SUMMARY

Gamma radiation as an alternative sterilization technique for silt and clay suspensions is evaluated. It is compared to autoclaving in regard to sterility and changes in physical and chemical properties of the suspensions. A minimum radiation dose rate of 5 kGy s^?1 led to sterilization and no changes in lattice structure or precipitation of the suspensoids were observed. The adsorbed ionic composition of the silt and clay particles was, however, altered and should be rectified before radiated suspensoids are used. Autoclaving resulted in sterility, but irreversible precipitation of the suspensoids made it less applicable where the colloidal properties of the clay and silt are to be maintained.     

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support^1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks⁴. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons⁵ in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires⁶ randomly distributed on a glass substrate⁷. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization^8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity^5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate^9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy^9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.     

The protein interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytoplasmic thiol peroxidase II with SFH2p and its in vivo function

Previously, we reported that the yeast cytoplasmic thiol peroxidase type II isoform (cTPx II), a member of the TSA/AhpC family, showed a very low peroxidase activity when compared with other cytoplasmic yeast isoforms, and that cTPx II mutant (cTPx II Delta) showed a severe growth retardation compared with that of the wild-type cells. To reveal the physiological function of cTPx II in yeast cell growth, we searched for proteins which react with cTPx II. In this study, we identified a novel interaction between cTPx II and CSR1p using the yeast two-hybrid system. CSR1p (SFH2p) has been known to be one member of Sec14 homologous (SFH2) proteins. SFH2p exhibits phosphatidylinositol transfer protein activity. Interestingly, we found that cTPx II selectively bound to SFH2p among the five types of SFH proteins and Sec14p. The interaction required the dimerization of cTPx II. In addition, SFH2p also specifically bound to cTPx II among the yeast thiol peroxidase isoforms. The selective interaction of the dimer form of cTPx II (the oxidized form) with SFH2p was also confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays. The growth retardation, clearly reflected by the length of the lag phase, of cTPx II Delta was rescued by deleting SFH2p in the cTPx II Delta strain. The SFH2 Delta strain did not show any growth retardation. In addition, the double mutant showed a higher susceptibility to oxidative stress. This finding provides the first in vivo demonstration of the specific interaction of cTPx II with SFH2p in an oxidative stress-sensitive manner and a novel physiological function of the complex of cTPx II and SFH2p.     

An Efficient Separator with Low Li‐Ion Diffusion Energy Barrier Resolving Feeble Conductivity for Practical Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Due to unprecedented features including high‐energy density, low cost, and light weight, lithium–sulfur batteries have been proposed as a promising successor of lithium‐ion batteries. However, unresolved detrimental low Li‐ion transport rates in traditional carbon materials lead to large energy barrier in high sulfur loading batteries, which prevents the lithium–sulfur batteries from commercialization. In this report, to overcome the challenge of increasing both the cycling stability and areal capacity, a metallic oxide composite (NiCo₂O₄@rGO) is designed to enable a robust separator with low energy barrier for Li‐ion diffusion and simultaneously provide abundant active sites for the catalytic conversion of the polar polysulfides. With a high sulfur‐loading of 6 mg cm^?2 and low sulfur/electrolyte ratio of 10, the assembled batteries deliver an initial capacity of 5.04 mAh cm^?2 as well as capacity retention of 92% after 400 cycles. The metallic oxide composite NiCo₂O₄@rGO/PP separator with low Li‐ion diffusion energy barrier opens up the opportunity for lithium–sulfur batteries to achieve long‐cycle, cost‐effective operation toward wide applications in electric vehicles and electronic devices.     

Highly Passivated n‐Type Colloidal Quantum Dots for Solution‐Processed Thermoelectric Generators with Large Output Voltage

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive materials for thermoelectric applications due to their simple and low‐cost processing; advantageously, they also offer low thermal conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient. To date, the majority of CQD thermoelectric films reported upon have been p‐type, while only a few reports are available on n‐type films. High‐performing n‐ and p‐type films are essential for thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with large output voltage and power. Here, high‐thermoelectric‐performance n‐type CQD films are reported and showcased in high‐performance all‐CQD TEGs. By engineering the electronic coupling in the films, a thorough removal of insulating ligands is achieved and this is combined with excellent surface trap passivation. This enables a high thermoelectric power factor of 24 µW m^?1 K^?2, superior to previously reported n‐type lead chalcogenide CQD films operating near room temperature (<1 µW m^?1 K^?2). As a result, an all‐CQD film TEG with a large output voltage of 0.25 V and a power density of 0.63 W m^?2 at ?T = 50 K is demonstrated, which represents an over fourfold enhancement to previously reported p‐type only CQD TEGs.