Observations on Crystalloid Bodies in the Pseudocoelom of Eutobrilus heptapapillatus

Eutobrilus heptapapillatus, found in a number of different sites at the mouth of the River Murray in South Australia, were examined under light and electron microscopes. The pseudocoeloms of these nematodes often contained oval crystalloid bodies containing carbohydrate, sulfur, phosphorus, and lipid. The bodies varied considerably in size up to a maximum of 10 μm long. The precise function of these crytalloids remains unknown. Nematodes having these crystalloids often also contained numerous small regular densely staining particles, about 20 nm d and occurring throughout the nematode''s body.     

Observations on Living Diastoporidae (Bryozoa Cyclostomata), with Special Regard to Polymorphism

The Diastoporidan colony consists of three zones: The marginal common bud, a narrow middle zone with erect peristomes and active polypides nourishing the whole colony, and a large central zone where the erect peristomes are detached, the secondary orifices thus formed are closed by terminal diaphragms, and the feeding polypides have degenerated. In many Diastoporidae the terminal closure is complete, but in several species the diaphragm is raised into a narrow, open tubule. In the latter type a dwarfed polypide with one tentacle only is regenerated: The autozooid is transformed into a heterozooid (“secondary nanozooid”), a unique phenomenon. Its function is unknown. The single tentacle of the “true nanozooids” of Diplosolen performs sweeping movements indicating a cleaning function. In two Plagioecia species “occasional nanozooids” were found, induced by disturbances of the colony growth. The function, if any, is unknown.     

Protein Bodies in the Pine Megagametophyte in vitro Culture: Ultrastructural, Histochemical and Electrophoretic Observations

The megagametophytes of the European black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) were cultured on modified MS medium. After 10 d, protein bodies showed well-marked degradation on freeze-etched replicas and in preparations observed by scanning electron microscopy. After 20 d of cultivation, the megagametophyte cells were completely empty. Proteins secreted into the agar medium were determined by electrophoresis and 15 different proteins, in the range of 6.5 to 71 kDa, were identified.     

Notes on the genus Cranosina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomida)

The characteristics of the genus Cranosina are discussed and a new species. C. spiralis , which apparently has free-living, lunulitiform colonies with a spiral budding pattern, is introduced. The role of the basal coclom in some free-living species is briefly discussed. The name Copidozoum declinatum nom. n. is introduced for C. transversum. Hayward & Cook, not Silén.     

Notes on the genus Anoteropora (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida)

Four species of the ascophoran 'sand-fauna'bryozoan genus Anoteropora arc now known from the Indian Ocean, and include A. magnicapitata, A. latirostris, A. inarmatu and A. otophora sp. n. Colonies are lunulitiform and anchored by basal rhizoids. The characters and distribution of all species, including fossil specimens, are described. Those of some related genera, including the Recent, east Atlantic Ascosia , and the Tertiary, European Kionidella and Stenosipora , are briefly discussed. A key to the species of Anoteropora is given.     

Note on Cyclostomatous Bryozoa from Eilat, Israel

Five species of cyclostomatous Bryozoa are reported in an assemblage from the Red Sea at Eilat, Israel. Tuhulipora samuelsoni sp.n. is described. The fauna is closely related to known Indo-Pacific faunas.     

Anthropological studies in Assam, India. 4. Observations on the Kalitas

Five regional groups of the Kalitas, an Assamese caste group, have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability is to some extent considerable. The possible reasons for that are discussed.     

Systematic notes on some Antarctic Ascophora (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)

Nine new species of ascophoran cheilostome Bryozoa are described from Antarctic localities. Five species are considered to be new to science ( Smittina favulosa, Smittina diffidentia, Smittoidea pugiuncula, Escharella mamillata, Fenestrulina antarctica ), while four others have been previously recorded under other names ( Smittoidea malleata, Escharella watersi, Lacerna watersi, Hippothoa belgica ). Escharella crozetensis Waters, formerly recorded from Antarctica, is considered to be limited to the Kerguelen region of the South Indian Ocean.     

Anthropological studies in Assam, India. 2. Observations on Muslims

Six Muslim groups from various parts of Assam (Goalpara, Kamrup, Darrang, Nowgong, Sibsagar and Dibrugarh) have been analysed for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for that of AB0 blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability in the distribution of all these anthropological characters is considerable. The possible reasons therefore are discussed.     

Cryptic species in the cosmopolitan Bugula neritina complex (Bryozoa,Cheilostomata)

Previous analyses of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and γ‐proteobacterial endosymbiont diversity have suggested that the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina is a complex of three cryptic species, namely Types S, D and N. Types D and N were previously reported to have restricted distributions along California (western USA) and Delaware and Connecticut (eastern USA), respectively, whereas Type S is considered widespread in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions due to anthropogenic transport. Here, Bayesian species delimitation analysis of a data set composed of two mitochondrial (COI and large ribosomal RNA subunit [16S]) and two nuclear genes (dynein light chain roadblock type‐2 protein [DYN] and voltage‐dependent anion‐selective channel protein [VDAC]) demonstrated that Types S, D and N correspond to three biological species. This finding was significantly supported, in spite of the combinations of priors applied for ancestral population size and root age. Furthermore, COI sequences were used to assess the introduction patterns of the cosmopolitan Type S species. Two COI haplotypes of Type S (S1a and S1d) were found occurring at a global scale. Mantel tests showed correlation between these haplotypes and local sea surface temperature tolerance. Accordingly, the distributions of Type S haplotypes may reflect intraspecific temperature tolerance variation, in addition to the role of introduction vectors. Finally, we show that the Type N may also have been introduced widely, as this species was found for the first time in Central California and north‐eastern Australia.