Quiescent and Active Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells with Distinct Morphologies Respond Selectively to Physiological and Pathological Stimuli and Aging

1. Download : Download high-res image (194KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Notch signaling defines morphologically distinct hippocampal stem cell populations ? Radial and horizontal hippocampal stem cells depend on canonical Notch signaling ? Different neural stem cell subpopulations respond selectively to neurogenic stimuli ? Aging results in a reversible transition of stem cells to a quiescent state     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (229KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice     

A microRNA miR-34a-Regulated Bimodal Switch Targets Notch in Colon Cancer Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (133KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? miR-34a regulates colon cancer stem cell asymmetric division ? miR-34a generates a sharp threshold response ? miR-34a converts Notch signaling into a toggle switch ? Binary Notch levels specify self-renewal versus differentiation     

Numb Localizes at Endosomes and Controls the Endosomal Sorting of Notch after Asymmetric Division in Drosophila

1. Download : Download high-res image (174KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Numb relocalizes from the cortex to sorting endosomes at cytokinesis ? Numb is not essential for the internalization of Notch and Sanpodo ? Numb inhibits the recycling of Notch and Sanpodo ? Recycling inhibition in one daughter cell imposes directionality to Notch signaling     

Reprogramming Adult Schwann Cells to Stem Cell-like Cells by Leprosy Bacilli Promotes Dissemination of Infection

1. Download : Download high-res image (380KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Leprosy bacteria reprogram adult Schwann cells by altering host-gene expression ? Bacterially reprogrammed cells resemble progenitor/stem-like cells (pSLC) of mesenchymal trait ? pSLC promote bacterial spread to mesenchymal tissues by redifferentiation ? pSLC secrete immune factors, recruit macrophages, transfer bacteria, form granulomas, and disseminate infection     

Repeated,Long-Term Cycling of Putative Stem Cells between Niches in a Basal Chordate

1. Download : Download high-res image (644KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Identification of a niche for germline and somatic stem cells in a basal chordate ? Stem cells repeatedly migrate between aged or damaged niches into developing niches     

ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

1. Download : Download high-res image (167KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

Regeneration of Human Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells from iPSCs Derived from Mature CD8+ T Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (133KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? iPSCs generated from T cells specific for the MART-1 melanoma epitope ? Differentiation of iPSCs into T cells with a MART-1 specific T cell receptor ? MART-1-based stimulation of T cells demonstrates retained antigen specificity     

Peripheral Nerve-Derived CXCL12 and VEGF-A Regulate the Patterning of Arterial Vessel Branching in Developing Limb Skin

1. Download : Download high-res image (207KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Cxcr4 is expressed by a subset of endothelial cells in the capillary network ? Genetic inactivation of Cxcl12-Cxcr4 signaling perturbs nerve-vessel alignment ? Cxcl12 controls endothelial migration, whereas VEGF directs arterial differentiation     

Latent Enhancers Activated by Stimulation in Differentiated Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (220KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Latent enhancers are regulatory elements unmarked and unbound in differentiated cells ? Stimulus-dependent TFs co-opt lineage-determining TFs to activate latent enhancers ? Latent enhancers may confer short-term memory of environmental exposure ? Environmental stimulation qualitatively alters the pre-existing enhancer repertoire     

Selective Elimination of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by an Oleate Synthesis Inhibitor Discovered in a High-Throughput Screen

1. Download : Download high-res image (259KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? High-throughput screen identifies selective cytotoxic inhibitors of hPSCs ? The most potent and selective compound inhibits stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD1) ? Pluripotent cells uniquely depend on oleate metabolism for their viability ? SCD1 inhibition rapidly and robustly eliminates undifferentiated cells from culture     

Spikes in Mammalian Bipolar Cells Support Temporal Layering of the Inner Retina

1. Download : Download high-res image (327KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Light-driven calcium changes were recorded in mouse bipolar cell axon terminals ? Bipolar cells cluster into ≥eight functional types, which match anatomical types ? Fast and slow bipolar cells project to the inner retina in an organized manner ? The fastest bipolar cells generate clear all-or-nothing spikes     

ANGUSTIFOLIA3 Signaling Coordinates Proliferation between Clonally Distinct Cells in Leaves

1. Download : Download high-res image (216KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? AN3 is produced specifically in mesophyll cells and moves into epidermal cells ? AN3 participates in the control of epidermal cell proliferation ? AN3 signaling is essential for normal leaf development ? AN3 movement does not require the action of the type II chaperonin complex     

Multiple Epigenetic Modifiers Induce Aggressive Viral Extinction in Extraembryonic Endoderm Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (699KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Mouse ESCs, TSCs, and XEN cells have different capacities to suppress retroviral activity ? RNAi screens identified epigenetic factors that mediate silencing of retroviruses ? Candidates modulate integrated, as well as endogenous, retroviral element silencing ? An Argonaute protein binds integrated provirus and may mediate retroviral extinction     

Dynamic Chromatin Remodeling Mediated by Polycomb Proteins Orchestrates Pancreatic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (207KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Pancreatic lineage progression is governed by PcG-dependent chromatin remodeling ? A temporal chromatin signature predicts regulators of pancreatic development ? Endocrine cells differentiated from hESCs in vivo are similar to native human islets ? In vitro-produced malfunctioning endocrine cells exhibit aberrant chromatin structure     

Dynamic Response Diversity of NFAT Isoforms in Individual Living Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (244KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Two isoforms of the NFAT proteins possess distinct and diverse dynamic responses ? NFAT4 shows fast, stochastic, and frequency-modulated bursts of nuclear localization ? NFAT1 shows a slow, continuous, and amplitude-modulated nuclear localization ? Dynamic diversity can endow cells with enhanced signal processing capabilities     

Sox2 Cooperates with Inflammation-Mediated Stat3 Activation in the Malignant Transformation of Foregut Basal Progenitor Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (376KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Sox2+ve basal stem/progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate in vitro and in vivo ? Conditional Sox2 overexpression promotes the expansion of basal progenitor cells ? Sox2 cooperates with an inflammatory microenvironment to induce squamous cancer ? Sox2 and Stat3 together transform mouse and human esophageal progenitor cells     

MicroRNA-133 Controls Brown Adipose Determination in Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting Prdm16

1. Download : Download high-res image (182KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Satellite cells can differentiate into brown adipocytes ? MicroRNA-133 targets Prdm16 3′UTR and controls brown adipose determination ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism induces active brown adipocytes within regenerating muscle ? MicroRNA-133 antagonism impedes the development of obesity