ESCs Require PRC2 to Direct the Successful Reprogramming of Differentiated Cells toward Pluripotency

1. Download : Download high-res image (167KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Mouse pluripotent cells reprogram human B cells in heterokaryons ? ESCs lacking PRC1 or PRC2 cannot successfully reprogram ? Failure of PRC1/2-deficient ESCs to reprogram is functionally dominant ? PRC1/2 play a critical role in the chromatin reorganization required for reprogramming     

Replacement of Oct4 by Tet1 during iPSC Induction Reveals an Important Role of DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Reprogramming

1. Download : Download high-res image (350KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Tet1 facilitates iPSC induction by promoting Oct4 demethylation and reactivation ? Tet1 can replace Oct4 to generate fully pluripotent TSKM iPSCs ? Both 5mC and 5hmC increase on the genome during TSKM 2° reprogramming ? 5hmC promotes the demethylation of pluripotency genes during reprogramming     

Different Roles for Tet1 and Tet2 Proteins in Reprogramming-Mediated Erasure of Imprints Induced by EGC Fusion

1. Download : Download high-res image (228KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? EGCs can erase DNA methylation at ICRs in somatic cells after fusion ? EGCs selectively induce 5hmC accumulation at ICRs in the somatic genome ? Conversion of 5mC to 5hmC at these imprinted domains requires Tet1 ? Tet2 depletion results in delayed reprogramming by EGCs     

Macrohistone Variants Preserve Cell Identity by Preventing the Gain of H3K4me2 during Reprogramming to Pluripotency

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Macrohistone variants are regulated during reprogramming and differentiation ? The levels of macrohistone variants modulate the efficiency of reprogramming ? MacroH2A.1 occupies pluripotency and differentiation genes in keratinocytes ? MacroH2A.1 occupancy prevents the gain of H3K4me2 during reprogramming     

Conserved and Divergent Roles of FGF Signaling in Mouse Epiblast Stem Cells and Human Embryonic Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (158KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Nanog is a direct target of Activin and SMAD2/3 but not FGF-ERK in EpiSCs ? FGF signaling inhibits neuroectodermal commitment of EpiSCs and hESCs ? FGF inhibition relieves Klf2 repression and reverts EpiSCs to an ESC-like state ? mESCs transition to an EpiSC-like state with LIF inhibition and FGF activation     

Streamlining genomes: toward the generation of simplified and stabilized microbial systems

1. Download : Download high-res image (115KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Top-down and bottom-up approaches to genome streamlining. ? Computational support for constructing and refactoring streamlined genomes. ? From genome engineering to metabolic reprogramming. ? Perspectives in applied genome engineering.     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (184KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

Homologous Recombination DNA Repair Genes Play a Critical Role in Reprogramming to a Pluripotent State

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Reprogramming increases the level of γH2AX, a marker of DNA DSBs ? Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency impairs reprogramming ? Reprogramming-induced DSBs and HR phenotypes are method-independent ? p53 deletion rescues reprogramming defects in HR-deficient cells     

Endothelial Cells Are Essential for the Self-Renewal and Repopulation of Notch-Dependent Hematopoietic Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (363KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Coculture with endothelial cells promotes HSC expansion and self-renewal ? Endothelial cell effect on HSCs mediated by Notch signaling ? In vivo, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) express Notch ligands ? Blocking vessel remodeling impairs hematopoietic recovery after irradiation     

Stage-Specific Roles for Tet1 and Tet2 in DNA Demethylation in Primordial Germ Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (112KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PGCs differentiated from ESCs undergo genome-wide DNA demethylation ? Tet1 and Tet2 do not regulate genome-wide DNA demethylation in PGCs ? Tet1 and Tet2 regulate locus-specific demethylation in PGCs     

The metabolic profile of tumors depends on both the responsible genetic lesion and tissue type

1. Download : Download high-res image (159KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? MYC and MET affect glucose and glutamine metabolism differently in the liver ? Tissue context affects the outcome of metabolic reprogramming by MYC ? MYC overexpression sensitizes cells to inhibition of Gls1 glutaminase     

Tet Proteins Connect the O-Linked N-acetylglucosamine Transferase Ogt to Chromatin in Embryonic Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (107KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Ogt forms a complex with Tet1 and Tet2 in the nucleus of embryonic stem cells ? Ogt preferentially associates with promoter regions in proximity of TSS ? Ogt shows >90% of colocalization with Tet1 at methylation-free CpG-rich elements ? Tet1 is required for global Ogt chromatin recruitment regulating its activity     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (229KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice     

A Pan-BCL2 Inhibitor Renders Bone-Marrow-Resident Human Leukemia Stem Cells Sensitive to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition

1. Download : Download high-res image (154KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Splice-isoform switching favors prosurvival BCL2 family expression in human BC ? BC LSCs are quiescent and TKI-resistant in the marrow niche ? Sabutoclax, a pan-BCL2 inhibitor, enhances TKI sensitivity of bone marrow BC LSCs     

Dynamin 2 Potentiates Invasive Migration of Pancreatic Tumor Cells through Stabilization of the Rac1 GEF Vav1

1. Download : Download high-res image (180KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Dyn2 promotes lamellipodia formation and pancreatic tumor cell migration ? Direct binding between Dyn2 and Vav1 promotes Rac1 activation and migration ? Dyn2 binding protects Vav1 from degradation by the lysosome ? Vav1 is targeted for degradation through an interaction with Hsc70     

Latent Enhancers Activated by Stimulation in Differentiated Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (220KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Latent enhancers are regulatory elements unmarked and unbound in differentiated cells ? Stimulus-dependent TFs co-opt lineage-determining TFs to activate latent enhancers ? Latent enhancers may confer short-term memory of environmental exposure ? Environmental stimulation qualitatively alters the pre-existing enhancer repertoire     

Loss of Rb Cooperates with Ras to Drive Oncogenic Growth in Mammalian Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (202KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Oncogenic Ras drives weak growth through the PI3K canonical growth pathway ? A novel E2F-independent role for the Rb family in cell biogenesis ? Ras and loss of Rb synergize to give robust and sustained cell growth ? PI3K pathway is crucial for sustained growth, acting to maintain nutrient uptake     

Repeated,Long-Term Cycling of Putative Stem Cells between Niches in a Basal Chordate

1. Download : Download high-res image (644KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Identification of a niche for germline and somatic stem cells in a basal chordate ? Stem cells repeatedly migrate between aged or damaged niches into developing niches     

Reprogramming Adult Schwann Cells to Stem Cell-like Cells by Leprosy Bacilli Promotes Dissemination of Infection

1. Download : Download high-res image (380KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Leprosy bacteria reprogram adult Schwann cells by altering host-gene expression ? Bacterially reprogrammed cells resemble progenitor/stem-like cells (pSLC) of mesenchymal trait ? pSLC promote bacterial spread to mesenchymal tissues by redifferentiation ? pSLC secrete immune factors, recruit macrophages, transfer bacteria, form granulomas, and disseminate infection