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1.
Salicylic acid (SA) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In
this study, the role of SA in improving drought tolerance in two maize cultivars (Zea mays L.) differing in their tolerance to drought was evaluated. The plants were regularly watered per pot and grown until the
grain filling stage (R2) under a rainout shelter. At stage R2, parts of the plants were treated with SA, after which drought
stress was applied. Leaf samples were harvested on the 10th and 17th days of the drought. Some antioxidant enzyme activity,
such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate
reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, was measured during the drought period. Exogenous SA prevented water loss and delayed
leaf rolling in comparison with control leaves in both cultivars. As a consequence of drought stress, lipid peroxidation,
measured in terms of malondialdehyde content, was prevented by SA. SA pretreatment induced all antioxidant enzyme activities,
and to a greater extent than the control leaves, during drought. SA also caused a reduction in the ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione
(GSH) content in two maize cultivars. The H2O2 level was higher in SA pretreated plants than the controls in both cultivars. Pretreatment with SA further enhanced the activities
of antioxidant enzymes and the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the tolerant cultivar compared with the sensitive
cultivar. Results suggested that exogenous SA could help reduce the adverse effects of drought stress and might have a key
role in providing tolerance to stress by decreasing water loss and inducing the antioxidant system in plants with leaf rolling,
an alternative drought protection mechanism. 相似文献
2.
Mohammadreza Pourghayoumi Majid Rahemi Davood Bakhshi Ali Aalami Ali Akbar Kamgar-Haghighi 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2017,23(2):321-330
The biochemical and molecular responses of five commercially well-known pomegranate cultivars to severe water stress were studied. The cultivars were subjected to 14-day water stress by withholding irrigation, followed by re-watering for 7 days. Results showed clear differences in metabolites contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes among various pomegranate cultivars during severe water stress and recovery. According to our results, increased accumulation of proline in pomegranate was not related to osmotic adjustment during severe water stress. Except for ‘Ghojagh’, leaves grown under severe water stress conditions showed symptoms of oxidative stress such as reduced chlorophyll concentration. The improved performance of ‘Ghojagh’ under drought stress may be associated with an efficient osmotic adjustment. The up- or down regulated expression of cytosolic glutathione reductase (cytosolic GR) and glutathione peroxidase were observed under drought conditions. Moreover, the suppressed expression of cytosolic GR was also noted. Comparatively, ‘Rabab’ exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and an efficient ROS-scavenging mechanism under drought stress. Lower levels of membrane lipid peroxidation in ‘Ghojagh’ and ‘Rabab’ under drought stress and the marked reduction of malondialdehyde concentration after re-watering represents that these cultivars have a good tolerance to drought stress. As a first step towards the study of the biochemical and molecular responses of pomegranate plants to water stress, this research provides new information into the mechanisms of drought tolerance in the plants. 相似文献
3.
Effect of soil salinity, soil drought, and their combined action on the biochemical characteristics of cotton roots 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lei Zhang Binglin Chen Guowei Zhang Jianliang Li Youhua Wang Yali Meng Zhiguo Zhou 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2013,35(11):3167-3179
Stress caused by soil salinity and soil drought limits cotton productivity in China. To determine the tolerance levels of cotton, we assessed the effects of soil salinity and soil drought on the biochemical characteristics of the roots of two cotton cultivars (CCRI-44, salt-tolerant; Sumian 12, salt-sensitive). Specifically, we analyzed root biomass, fatty acid composition, antioxidative enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities. The cotton root biomass of the two cultivars declined significantly under conditions of soil salinity, soil drought, and the two stressors combined. The antioxidant enzyme activity of the roots also decreased markedly, which caused lipid peroxidation to increase, and changed the composition of the fatty acid membrane. H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and antioxidant enzyme activity decreased more under the two stressors combined. However, H2O2 content and O2 ? generation increased under the two stressors combined, compared to each stressor separately. Overall, the combination of soil salinity and drought has a greater inhibitory effect and more harmful impact on root growth than each stressor separately. The higher tolerance of CCRI-44 to soil salinity and drought stress than Sumian 12 might be explained by differences in cotton root antioxidative enzyme activity. The lipid peroxidation levels of cotton roots might represent an important biochemical trait for stress tolerance. 相似文献
4.
Variation of physiological and antioxidative responses in tea cultivars subjected to elevated water stress followed by rehydration recovery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hrishikesh Upadhyaya Sanjib Kumar Panda Biman Kumar Dutta 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2008,30(4):457-468
Water stress is a major limitation for plant survival and growth. Several physiological and antioxidative mechanisms are involved
in the adaptation to water stress by plants. In this experiment, tea cultivars (TV-1, TV-20, TV-29 and TV-30) were subjected
to drought stress by withholding water for 20 days followed by rehydration. An experiment was thus performed to test and compare
the effect of dehydration and rehydration in growing seedlings of tea cultivars. The effect of drought stress and post stress
rehydration was measured by studying the reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism in tea. Water stress decreased nonenzymic
antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione contents with differential responses of enzymic antioxidants in selected clones
of Camellia sinensis indicating an oxidative stress situation. This was also apparent from increased lipid peroxidation, O2
− and H2O2 content in water stress imposed plants. But the oxidative damage was not permanent as the plants recovered after rehydration.
Comparatively less decrease in antioxidants, higher activities of POX, GR, CAT with higher phenolic contents suggested better
drought tolerance of TV-1, which was also visible from the recovery study, where it showed lower ROS level and higher recovery
of antioxidant property in response to rehydration, thus proving its better recovery potential. On the other hand, highest
H2O2 and lipid peroxidation with decrease in phenolic content during stress in TV-29 suggested its sensitivity to drought. The
antioxidant efficiency and biochemical tolerance in response to drought stress thus observed in the tested clones of Camellia sinensis can be arranged in the order as TV-30 > TV-1 > TV-29 > TV-20. 相似文献
5.
Shima Sadat Beheshti Rooy Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh Mehdi Ghabooli Mansour Gholami Rouhollah Karimi 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2017,39(12):264
In this study the cold tolerance potential of three Vitis vinifera cultivars including ‘Red Sultana’, ‘White Sultana,’ and ‘Flame Seedless’ was evaluated under greenhouse condition. After 15 leaves stage in average, the grapevine plants were subjected to cold stress regimes (4, 0 and ? 4 °C) and compared with control plants (24 °C). A clear increase in leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and H2O2 concentrations was observed with decreasing temperature from 4 to ? 4 °C in all grapevine cultivars. Chilled plants showed marked increases in their abscisic acid (ABA), soluble sugars, and proline contents in compared to control vines. Upon exposure to cold stress, the EL, TBARS, H2O2, and relative water content of ‘Red Sultana’ were found to be lower compared to ‘White Sultana’ and ‘Flame Seedless’. Under 0 °C condition, ‘Red Sultana’ had the highest superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase activities, which was approximately twofold higher than those of all other cultivars. Soluble sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose increased from 4 to ? 4 °C. These increments were higher in ‘Red Sultana’ compared to other cultivars which was concomitant with higher accumulation of endogenous ABA concentration in this cultivar. Higher accumulation of ABA and soluble sugars in ‘Red Sultana’ confirmed the key roles of these compounds in cold tolerance which could be applied as a cold tolerance marker for early selection of grapevine cultivars with the aim to establish vineyards in cold winter regions. 相似文献
6.
Effects of the antioxidant system and chlorophyll fluorescence on drought tolerance of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars were studied. The cultivars were positioned in the order of a decrease in their drought tolerance: Yakutiye,
Pinto Villa, Ozayse, and Zulbiye on the basis of changes in the water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigment
content, and lipid peroxidation. Under drought conditions, the level of H2O2 was not changed in cv. Pinto Villa but decreased in other cultivars. Antioxidant enzymes (superothide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol
peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)) were generally activated in
all cultivars. Interestingly, CAT, APX, and GR activities were not changed in cv. Pinto Villa, APX activity decreased in cv.
Yakutiye, and CAT activity was not changed in cv. Zulbiye. The increases in SOD and GPX activities in cv. Ozayse were higher
than in other cultivars. Drought stress reduced the effective quantum yield of PS2 (ΦPS2) and the photochemical quenching (qp), while it increased nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in all cultivars. The reduction or increase was more pronounced in
cv. Zulbiye. There were generally significant correlations between qp, NPQ, and ROS scavenging by SOD and APX. Also, there were significant correlations between SOD and qp in tolerant cultivars and APX and qp in sensitive ones. The results indicate that activation of SOD and APX was closely related to the efficiency of PS2 in common
bean cultivars. This interaction was essential for protection of photosystems and plant survival under drought. 相似文献
7.
In this study, we find and characterize the sources of tolerance to drought amongst an oat (Avena sativa L.) germplasm collection of 174 landraces and cultivars. We used multivariate analysis, non-supervised principal component analyses (PCA) and supervised discriminant function analyses (DFA) to suggest the key mechanism/s responsible for coping with drought stress. Following initial assessment of drought symptoms and area under the drought progress curve, a subset of 14 accessions were selected for further analysis. The collection was assessed for relative water content (RWC), cell membrane stability, stomatal conductance (g 1), leaf temperature, water use efficiency (WUE), lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, chlorophyll levels and antioxidant capacity during a drought time course experiment. Without the use of multivariate approaches, it proved difficult to unequivocally link drought tolerance to specific physiological processes in the different resistant oat accessions. These approaches allowed the ranking of many supposed drought tolerance traits in the order of degree of importance within this crop, thereby highlighting those with a causal relationship to drought stress tolerance. Analyses of the loading vectors used to derive the PCA and DFA models indicated that two traits involved in water relations, temperature and RWC together with the area of drought curves, were important indicators of drought tolerance. However, other parameters involved in water use such as g 1 and WUE were less able to discriminate between the accessions. These observations validate our approach which should be seen as representing a cost-effective initial screen that could be subsequently employed to target drought tolerance in segregating populations. 相似文献
8.
The comparative responses of two young olive trees (Olea europaea L. ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Chetoui’) to drought stress were investigated during 1 month. Three-month-old own-rooted plants were subjected to two irrigation treatments: WW (well watered plants that were irrigated with fresh water to maintain a soil water content close to field capacity), and WS (water stressed plants by withholding water). Leaf water potential, gas exchange and leaf lipid composition were studied. ‘Chemlali’ was able to maintain higher leaf CO2 assimilation rate and leaf stomatal conductance throughout the drought cycle compared to ‘Chetoui’. Water stress induced a larger decrease in the total lipid content in ‘Chetoui’ than in ‘Chemlali’. Interestingly, the constitution of different lipid classes was highly altered in ‘Chetoui’. Lipid changes in Chemlali, a drought tolerant cultivar, revealed more stability of its cellular membranes to drought stress as compared to the drought susceptible olive cultivar, Chétoui. Furthermore, in comparison to the controls, drought stressed plants showed an increase in the degree of unsaturation of leaf lipids in the two olive cultivars. Moreover, the results observed in Chemlali showed that besides changes in lipids composition this cultivar may have an efficient defence strategy which can be related on antioxidative production against oxidative stress. 相似文献
9.
10.
Effect of drought stress implemented at pre- or post-anthesis stage on some physiological parameters as screening criteria in chickpea cultivars 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. Gunes A. Inal M. S. Adak E. G. Bagci N. Cicek F. Eraslan 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2008,55(1):59-67
Drought is one of the most important factors limiting chickpea production in arid and semi-arid regions. There is little information
regarding genotypic variation for drought tolerance in chickpea cultivars. Screening for drought tolerance is very important.
It is essential to identify the physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance to complete conventional breeding program. Glasshouse
experiment was carried out to study the genotypic variation among 11 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars. Plants were grown either under optimum conditions or drought stress was implemented at pre-or post-anthesis
stages. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) was used as the measure of drought tolerance. Relationships between DSI and
excised-leaf water loss (RWL), relative water content (RWC), membrane permeability, ascorbic acid, proline, and chlorophyll
contents, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations were determined in order to find out whether these physiological
parameters could be used as the genotypic selection criteria for drought tolerance. The results of this study indicated that
there was a wide variation in tolerance to drought stress among the chickpea cultivars, which could be exploited in breeding
new chickpea cultivars with high drought tolerance. The results also demonstrated that drought-tolerant cultivars had a higher
RWC, ascorbic acid and proline concentrations, but lower RWL and membrane permeability in comparison to drought-sensitive
cultivars. The significant and a well defined relationships between DSI and RWC, RWL, ascorbic acid, proline, and membrane
permeability were found. It was concluded that these parameters could be instrumental in predicting the drought tolerance
of chickpea cultivars.
This text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
11.
Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho Ana Cunha Jorge Marques da Silva 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(2):359-374
Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf water parameters were measured in six Portuguese maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars during and following a period of drought stress. The leaf relative water content (RWC) responded differently
among cultivars but except for cultivar PB369, recovered close to initial values after watering was restored. Photosynthetic
rate and stomatal conductance decreased with drought but more slowly in cultivars PB269 and PB260 than in cultivars AD3R,
PB64, PB304 and PB369. Water use efficiency (WUE) decreased during the water stress treatment although with cultivar PB260
the decrease was marked only when the RWC fell below 40%. Recovery of WUE was seen with all cultivars except PB369. The maximum
quantum efficiency of photosystem II, the photochemical quenching coefficient, the electron transport rate in PSII and the
estimated functional plastoquinone pool tended to decrease with drought, while the non-photochemical quenching coefficient
increased. The parameters estimated from chlorophyll fluorescence did not recover in PB369, during re-watering. The results
show that PB260 and PB269 were the most tolerant and PB369 was the least tolerant cultivars to water stress. The variation
found among the cultivars tested suggests the existence of valuable genetic resources for crop improvement in relation to
drought tolerance. 相似文献
12.
Wheat flag leaf epicuticular wax morphology and composition in response to moderate drought stress are revealed by SEM,FTIR‐ATR and synchrotron X‐ray spectroscopy
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Ian R. Willick Rachid Lahlali Perumal Vijayan David Muir Chithra Karunakaran Karen K. Tanino 《Physiologia plantarum》2018,162(3):316-332
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the largest cereal crop grown in Western Canada where drought during late vegetative and seed filling stages affects plant development and yield. To identify new physiochemical markers associated with drought tolerance, epidermal characteristics of the flag leaf of two wheat cultivars with contrasting drought tolerance were investigated. The drought resistant ‘Stettler’ had a lower drought susceptibility index, greater harvest index and water‐use efficiency than the susceptible ‘Superb’. Furthermore, flag leaf width, relative water content and leaf roll were significantly greater in Stettler than in Superb at moderate drought stress (MdS). Visible differences in epicuticular wax density on the adaxial flag leaf surfaces and larger bulliform cells were identified in Stettler as opposed to Superb. Mid‐infrared attenuated total internal reflectance spectra revealed that Stettler flag leaves had increased asymmetric and symmetric CH2 but reduced carbonyl esters on its adaxial leaf surface compared to Superb under MdS. X‐ray fluorescence spectra revealed a significant increase in total flag leaf Zn concentrations in Stettler in response to MdS. Such information on the microstructural and chemical features of flag leaf may have potential as markers for drought tolerance and thereby accelerate the selection and release of more drought‐resistant cultivars. 相似文献
13.
Anirban Guha Debashree SenguptaGirish Kumar Rasineni Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy 《Flora》2010,205(2):144-151
Four popular mulberry cultivars (Morus indica L. cvs.V-1, MR-2, S-36 and K-2) were assessed for drought tolerance with an integration of selective approaches. The potted plants were subjected to two watering treatments for 75 days: control pots were watered up to 100% field capacity (FC) and stressed pots were maintained at 25–30% FC. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) were the key parameters to assess photosynthetic gas exchange performance. Drought caused marked down-regulation in leaf gas exchange in all cultivars (cvs) except V-1 which maintained better Pn, gs, E and higher WUEi under severe water deficit. All the four cvs also showed differential antioxidative responses under water stress. Higher concentrations of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, glutathione, α-tocopherol and proline were observed in the leaf extracts of V-1, while minimum accumulation of those metabolites was recorded with K-2 and S-36. An endogenous loss of α-tocopherol and higher lipid peroxidation were encountered in K-2, S-36 and MR-2, whereas V-1 showed minimum lipid peroxidation under water deficit regimes. Comparative morpho-anatomical analysis revealed a well-developed root system and a better anatomical architecture in V-1 which could further contribute tolerance during drought stress. 相似文献
14.
Biomass production and water use efficiency in perennial grasses during and after drought stress
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Kirsten Kørup Poul Erik Lærke Helle Baadsgaard Mathias N. Andersen Kristian Kristensen Cora Münnich Thomas Didion Erik Steen Jensen Linda‐Maria Mårtensson Uffe Jørgensen 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2018,10(1):12-27
Drought is a great challenge to agricultural production, and cultivation of drought‐tolerant or water use‐efficient cultivars is important to ensure high biomass yields for bio‐refining and bioenergy. Here, we evaluated drought tolerance of four C3 species, Dactylis glomerata cvs. Sevenop and Amba, Festuca arundinacea cvs. Jordane and Kora, Phalaris arundinacea cvs. Bamse and Chieftain and Festulolium pabulare cv. Hykor, and two C4 species Miscanthus × giganteus and M. lutarioriparius. Control (irrigated) and drought‐treated plants were grown on coarse and loamy sand in 1 m2 lysimeter plots where rain was excluded. Drought periods started after harvest and lasted until 80% of available soil water had been used. Drought caused a decrease in dry matter yield (DM; P < 0.001) for all species and cultivars during the drought period. Cultivars Sevenop, Kora and Jordane produced DM at equal levels and higher than the other C3 cultivars in control and drought‐treated plots both during and after the drought period. Negative correlations were observed between stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water potential (P < 0.01) and positive correlations between gs and DM (P < 0.05) indicating that gs might be suitable for assessment of drought stress. There were indications of positive associations between plants carbon isotope composition and water use efficiency (WUE) as well as DM under well‐watered conditions. Compared to control, drought‐treated plots showed increased growth in the period after drought stress. Thus, the drought events did not affect total biomass production (DMtotal) of the whole growing season. During drought stress and the whole growing season, WUE was higher in drought‐treated compared to control plots, so it seems possible to save water without loss of biomass. Across soil types, M. lutarioriparius had the highest DMtotal (15.0 t ha?1), WUEtotal (3.6 g L?1) and radiation use efficiency (2.3 g MJ?1) of the evaluated grasses. 相似文献
15.
Photosynthetic characteristics in different peanut cultivars under conditions of drought and re-watering at seedling stage 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
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《植物生态学报》2014,38(7):729
Aims In China, peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is mainly cultivated in the semi-arid and rain-fed areas, and drought is the most prominent environmental stress to its growth. However, studies on the physiological responses of different peanut cultivars to drought and re-watering are lacking. Our objectives were to investigate the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and drought tolerance, and to explore the ability to recover from drought damage in different peanut cultivars.
Methods A pot experiment was conducted with artificial water stress treatment, and the photosynthetic characteristics were determined in twelve peanut cultivars under the conditions of drought stress and re-watering at the seedling stage. The drought tolerance was assessed by drought resistance coefficient of biomass in seedling. The recovery capacity was assessed by compensatory growth of plant.
Important findings Five cultivars, including ‘Shanhua 11’, ‘Rugaoxiyangsheng’, ‘A596’, ‘Shanhua 9’, and ‘Nongda 818’, showed over-compensatory growth after re-watering, and their capacity of compensatory growth had significant positive correlation with drought tolerance (p < 0.01). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), PSII actual quantum yield (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) all decreased over the course of drought stress, and then increased following re-watering, with the amplitude of changes being smaller in the more drought tolerant cultivars. Seven days of drought did not result in significant differences in the photosynthetic characteristics among majority of the peanut cultivars tested (p > 0.05). After 14 days of drought, the values of photosynthetic variables differed significantly among the peanut cultivars with different drought tolerance (p < 0.05). The values of Pn, Gs, ΦPSII, Fv/Fm, and qP in the cultivars ‘Shanhua 11’, ‘Rugaoxiyangsheng’, ‘A596’, and ‘Shanhua 9’fully recovered five days after re-watering, while those in the cultivars ‘79266’, ‘ICG6848’, ‘Baisha 1016’, and ‘Hua 17’ did not fully recover even after 10 days of re-watering; the values of those photosynthetic variables were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the more drought tolerant cultivars following re-watering. Correlation analysis showed that the drought tolerance was significantly and positively correlated with Pn, ΦPSII, Fv/Fm, and qP after 14 days of drought stress and after five days of re-watering, respectively (p < 0.01). Therefore, under drought stress at 40% of relative water content (RWC) for 14 days and after five days of re-watering at the seedling stage, the Pn, ΦPSII, Fv/Fm, and qP could be used for identifying the level of damage and recovery capacity of peanut cultivars. The cultivar ‘Shanhua 11’ can be used as a reference for drought adaptability identification in peanut. 相似文献
16.
Effect of drought on chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of three wheat cultivars varying in productivity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. K. Nikolaeva S. N. Maevskaya A. G. Shugaev N. G. Bukhov 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2010,57(1):87-95
Seedlings of three wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)—highly productive cv. Ballada, moderately productive cv. Belchanka, and low productive cv. Beltskaya—were exposed to
progressive soil drought (cessation of watering for 3, 5, and 7 days) and then analyzed for chlorophyll content and activities
of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) and antioxidant enzymes, namely, glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (AscP). In addition,
the proline content, and the extent of lipid peroxidation were examined. In the first period of water limitation, the water
loss from leaves was slight for all wheat cultivars, which is characteristic of drought-resistant varieties. After 7-day drought
the leaf water content decreased by 5.2–6.8%. The total chlorophyll content expressed per unit dry weight increased insignificantly
during the first two periods of drought but decreased by 13–15% later on. This decrease was not accompanied by changes in
chlorophyll a/b ratio. The plant dehydration did not induce significant changes in FNR activity. Activities of GR and AscP in leaves of wheat
cultivars Ballada and Belchanka increased on the 3rd and 5th days of drought. Owing to the coordinated increase in GR and
AscP activities, the lipid peroxidation rate remained at nearly the control level observed in water-sufficient plants. When
the dehydration period was prolonged to 7 days, activities of GR and AscP in wheat cultivars reduced in parallel with the
increase in malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating that the antioxidant enzyme defense system was weakened and lipid
peroxidation enhanced. Unlike Ballada and Belchanka, the wheat cv. Beltskaya did not exhibit the increase in GR and AscP activities
during progressive soil drought. The increase in MDA content by 16% in this cultivar was only observed after a 7-day drought
period. The proline content in leaves of all wheat cultivars increased substantially during drought treatment. Thus, in wheat
cultivars examined, different responses of the defense systems were mobilized to implement plant protection against water
stress. The activities of antioxidant enzyme defense system depended on wheat cultivar, duration of drought, and the stage
of leaf development. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(2):105-113
Abstract The effects of exogenous silicon (Si) on leaf relative water content (RWC), and the growth, Si concentrations, lipid peroxidation (MDA), lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, proline and H2O2 accumulation, non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (AA) and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) in shoots of ten chickpea cultivars grown under drought were investigated. Drought stress decreased the growth of all the cultivars while applied Si improved the growth at least five of the 10 chickpea cultivars. Silicon applied to the soil at 100 mg kg?1 significantly increased Si concentrations of the cultivars and counteracted the deleterious effects of drought in 5 of the ten chickpea cultivars by increasing their RWC. In most cultivars tested H2O2, proline and MDA content and LOX activity were increased by drought whereas application of Si decreased their levels. APX activity was increased by drought but it was depressed by Si. In general, SOD and CAT activities of the cultivars were decreased by drought. Depending on cultivars, the CAT activity was decreased, and increased or unchanged in response to applied Si, while the SOD activity of the cultivars increased or unchanged by Si. The non-enzymatic antioxidant activity of the cultivars was also increased by Si. These observations implied an essential role for Si in minimizing drought stress-induced limitation of the growth and oxidative membrane damage in chickpea plants. 相似文献
18.
Zahoor Ahmad Ejaz Ahmad Waraich Sajjad Akhtar Shazia Anjum Tanveer Ahmad Wajid Mahboob Osama Bin Abdul Hafeez Terence Tapera Maryke Labuschagne Muhammad Rizwan 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2018,40(4):80
Drought is a polygenically controlled stress and a major agricultural risk that reduces crop productivity and limits the successful insight of land potential throughout the world. This review article has been divided into two parts, i.e., effect of drought stress on physiology of wheat and potential drought mitigation approaches. In the first part, physiological responses of wheat to stress were discussed. Cell membrane stability, relative water content, early maturity, decreased leaf area, small plant size, increased dry weight and root–shoot ratio, and the whole-plant transpiration rate response to enhanced atmospheric vapor pressure deficit are physiological traits associated with drought tolerance in wheat. Reduction of relative water content closes stomata and thereby reduces stomatal conductance. Osmotic adjustment improves drought tolerance by allowing cell enlargement, plant growth, and stomata to stay partially open and by maintaining CO2 fixation under severe water deficit. The wheat plant accumulates several organic and inorganic solutes in its cytosol to lessen its osmotic potential for maintenance of cell turgor. Drought affects photosynthesis negatively by changing the inner structure of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and chlorophyll content and minerals. Destruction of the photosystem II (PSII) oxygen releasing complex and reaction center can disturb production and use of electrons, causing lipid peroxidation of cell membrane through the production of reactive oxygen species. In the second part, drought mitigation approaches were discussed. Seed, drought, bacterial, and hormonal priming are common approaches used to lessen the effects of water deficit. Physiological trait-based breeding, molecular breeding, marker-assisted backcrossing, aerial phenotyping, water budgeting, and resource allocation are modern approaches used to develop drought tolerant wheat cultivars. Wheat genotypes produced as a result of a combination of all these methodologies will increase food security regarding the currently changing climate. 相似文献
19.
We studied the effect of water stress imposed at anthesis and pre-anthesis stages on oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in four wheat cultivars, two hexaploid Triticum aestivum cultivars, drought resistant cv. C 306 and drought susceptible cv. Hira, and two tetraploid cultivars, T. durum cv. A 9-30-1 and T. dicoccum cv. HW 24. Water stress decreased relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), and increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat) and peroxidase (POX) in all the genotypes at all the stages. Both the tetraploid cultivars showed higher RWC, MSI and SOD activity, and lower H2O2 and MDA contents under water stress than hexaploid ones. Cat and POX activities were highest in C 306. 相似文献
20.
干旱条件下小麦幼苗根膜脂总脂肪酸含量、磷脂含量及总脂肪酸双键指数均下降,而游离甾醇含量却明显增加,结果导致游离甾醇/磷脂比率上升。用薄层层析法测得小麦根细胞磷脂主要由磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)及磷脂酸(PA)组成。干旱降低了各种磷脂的含量,但不改变其相对配比。文中讨论了膜脂代谢变化与植物抗旱性的关系。 相似文献