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以萝藦科植物匙羹藤为对照,在扫描电镜下观察了传统上分属于夹竹桃科3亚科植物的叶下表皮特征。结果表明:(1)所观察的夹竹桃科25种植物叶下表皮特征具有一定程度的多样性,如少数物种具有表皮毛;部分角质层表面有丝状蜡质;叶下表皮纹饰有条纹状、脊状皱褶增厚、块状突起、花蕊形和较平滑等类型;气孔大小差异较大,气孔外拱盖和内缘形状分浅波状和较平滑2种类型,气孔保卫细胞极区有T型加厚和无T型加厚两种类型,气孔外拱盖与表皮细胞间分凹陷和连续两种类型等,这些叶表皮特征对夹竹桃科植物属内和属间类型的分类以及对疑难类群的划分具有重要的参考价值。(2)夹竹桃科25种植物的绝大部分种的叶表皮气孔类型、气孔外拱盖及其内缘形态基本一致,但叶表皮纹饰、气孔外缘角质层特征呈现出较高的多样性,在属内各种和属间有较大的差异。(3)萝藦科植物匙羹藤与夹竹桃科植物盆架树在气孔形状,叶片气孔外缘角质层特征、气孔外拱盖等叶表皮特征具有高度的相似性,推测这两种植物的亲缘关系可能较近,而且萝藦科与夹竹桃科中一些植物的系统位置需进一步的研究。(4)本研究结果支持仔榄树属应从山橙族中分离出来独立成族,海杧果属应从萝芙木族中独立出来的观点;但不支持新的分类方法中将糖胶树和盆架树同归属于鸡骨常山属的观点。 相似文献
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甘草属植物叶表皮特征及其系统学意义 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
应用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法,在光学显微镜下观察了国产甘草属植物10种1变种共16个代表植物的叶表皮特征。统计并测量叶表皮气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔指数。结果表明,该属植物叶表皮细胞形态(表面观)为多边形和不规则形,垂周壁式样为平直、浅波缘、深波缘;气孔器有6种类型,以无规则型、不等型、短平列型为主,一种植物往往具有2~3种气孔器;毛状体为单毛和鳞片毛两种类型。以上特征在属以下、种以上的分类等级具有一定规律性,有的也表现出种间差异,对甘草属属以下等级的划分有重要价值,同时也为本属一些分类群间的系统关系的探讨提供佐证。 相似文献
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防己科植物的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24
利用光学显微镜观察了防己科29尾50种3变种的叶表皮形态。结果表明:(1)该科植物叶表皮细胞形状为多边形或不规则形,垂周壁式样为平直和波状缘;首次发现一些属的表皮细胞排列成玫瑰花环式样;在Stephania等属发现其下表皮细胞中央有乳突。(2)气孔器为无规则型、环列型、十字型、辐射型和不等细胞型,几科均出现在下表皮,在表皮上的分布有散生和岛状聚集两种式样。(3)在五族中,Pachygoneae族和天仙藤族的上、下表皮细胞多为多边形,垂周壁平直,气孔器多为十字型和辐射型;而另外三族的上、下表皮细胞多为无规则形,垂周壁波状,气孔器则以无规则型为主,这些相关性状对于科下族的划分具有重要价值,同时也为一些属的系统学关系提供了佐证。 相似文献
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茄科天仙子族的叶表皮特征及其系统学意义 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,观察了茄科天仙子族7属21种及其邻近类群2属3种共24种植物的叶表皮特征。结果表明:气孔器在各种植物的上、下表皮均有分布,多为无规则型,也有不等细胞型;叶表皮细胞形状有不同规则形、十字形、近长圆形和不规则多边形,垂周壁较平直、浅波状、波状或深波状。在扫描电镜下可见:叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜多为具条纹,也有同时具条纹和颗粒或鳞片,偶尔仅具颗粒和鳞片 相似文献
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基于骨碎补科(Davalliaceae)植物属的界定和属下等级的划分一直存在较大争议,本研究首次对骨碎补科6属39种(秦仁昌系统)植物的叶表皮进行了扫描电镜观察。结果显示,骨碎补科有9种类型的角质层,其中,阴石蕨属(Humata)的角质层有密集的孔状凹陷结构;Wibelia条纹突起较厚,排列整齐且细密紧致;广义钻毛蕨属(Davallodes)内存在多种角质层类型,需要在属下进一步细分。本研究还根据角质层特征讨论了骨碎补科与一些近缘种类的关系。角质层特征是骨碎补科内种属分类的重要依据,而保卫细胞形状和气孔密度,均不能用来界定骨碎补科的属和种。本研究按角质层分类的结果与Kato和Tsutsumi的分子系统学分类观点一致。 相似文献
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鹿药属植物叶表皮特征及其系统学意义 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对鹿药属12种植物的叶表皮进行了观察,首次报道了12种鹿药属(Sm ilaci-na)植物叶表皮的微形态特征。结果表明:气孔器普遍存在于叶的下表皮,少数种的上表皮也有分布,均为不规则形。叶表皮细胞形状为多边形或不规则形,垂周壁式样可区分为近平直、浅波状和波状。在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜条纹状,有的条纹隆起,有的条纹上附有颗粒和晶簇。气孔器的分布、气孔器外拱盖内缘形态以及角质膜等特征对该属部分种的区分具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对棱子芹属(Pleurospermum)11种植物的叶表皮微形态特征进行了观察研究.结果表明:(1)显微观察显示,气孔器普遍存在于叶的下表皮.少数种的上表皮也有分布,多为无规则型;叶表皮细胞形状为多边型或不规则形.垂周壁式样可区分为近平直、平直-弓形、浅波状和波状.(2)扫描电镜观察显示,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜条纹状,有的条纹隆起,有的条纹上附有颗粒和晶簇.(3)气孔器的分布、气孔器外拱盖内缘形态以及角质膜等特征对该属部分种的区分有一定的参考价值.(4)结合外部形态特征,推测康定棱子芹应作为种一级分类群.松潘棱子芹与宝兴棱子芹的亲缘关系比较近. 相似文献
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叶绿体DNA片段的RFLP分析在黄精族系统学研究中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对广义百合科黄精族6属23种及铃兰族1属1种的叶绿体基因组trnK和rpl16两个基因片段进行了PCR-RFLP分析,结果表明:trnK基因的PCR产物在各类群间几乎不存在长度变异,均约2600bp,而rpl16基因则在各属之间及黄精属内表现出长度变异,变异范围在1140~1320bp之间;限制性酶切位点的同源性分析显示,黄精属、竹根七属、鹿药属和舞鹤草属构成的狭义黄精族与铃兰族中的铃兰属有较近的亲缘关系,并支持将扭柄花属和万寿竹属从广义百合科黄精族中分出的观点;在狭义黄精族内,黄精属与竹根七属聚成一支,鹿药属与舞鹤草属聚成另一支,为探讨族内属间的系统演化关系提供了分子生物学方面的证据。另外,本研究结果支持将金佛山黄精从鹿药属转隶至黄精属的观点。 相似文献
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中国西南地区独活属植物叶表皮微形态特征及其系统学意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对中国西南地区独活属16种1变种植物(分隶于中国独活属的全部4个组)的叶表皮微形态进行了观察,测量并统计气孔器大小、密度和气孔指数,并用统计学方法对远轴面气孔器长轴进行显著差异性分析.结果显示:无规则型气孔器普遍存在于所有研究类群的叶远轴面及个别类群叶近轴面,气孔器的分布和密度具有种间特异性.表皮毛普遍存在于远轴面及大部分类群近轴面,长短和覆盖密度因种而异.近轴面表皮细胞为多边形或者不规则形,垂周壁平直、浅波状或波状;远轴面表皮细胞形态多不规则形,表皮细胞垂周壁浅波状或波状.在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为近平滑、浅波状或波状;角质膜条纹状,有的附有颗粒状、鳞片状蜡质等结构.气孔器外拱盖形态以及蜡质类型是稳定的鉴别特征.研究表明独活属植物叶表皮特征存在较大的种间差异,对独活属的系统分类及进化研究具有重要意义,文中对叶表皮特征在独活属植物分类处理中的应用及系统进化问题等进行了讨论,并建立了以叶表皮微形态特征为依据的分类检索表. 相似文献
11.
The morphological features of leaf abaxial epidermis and micromorphological features oftesta were observed in the tribe Polygonateae(Liliaceae, s. l. ). Seventy nine species from 7 generaof Polygonateae and 15 species from 12 genera of related tribes were examined with light microscopeand SEM. In Polygonateae, the features of leaf and seed coat showed diversity in the genera Polygonatum and Smilacina. According to the characteristics of the leaf abaxial epidermis and seed coat,Polygonatum could be roughly categorized as two groups. One was characterized by the irregularshape and the sinuate anticlinal wall of epidermal cells and the shallow pits on the testa, the otherwas characterized by the rectangular or rhombic shape and the straight anticlinal wall of epidermalcells and the ridge and reseau on the seed coat. In some plants of the two groups, the anticlinal wallof epidermal cells was found to be curved rather than sinuate, and might be of an intermediate nature. The leaf epidermis and seed coat showed common features among Disporopsis, Smilacina andPolygonatum. The seed coat of Maianthemum was found to be of the same features as that of Smilacina stellata and S. trifolia. Disporum possessed uniform leaf epidermical features, but the species distributed in eastern Asia showed different features of seed coat from those in North America.The features of leaf epidermis and seed coat were uniform within the genus Streptopus. S. ovaliswas indistinguishable from other species in the genus in the features of leaf epidermis and testa, thusits position in the genus was confirmed. Streptopus, Disporum and Clintonia were quite differentfrom the remaining genera in the Polygonateae in the features of leaf epideimis and testa. The firsttwo genera showed resemblance to Tricyrtis and Uvularia of Uvulariaceae, and thus Dahlgren'sviewpoint that they should be moved to Uvulariaceae was corroborated. Among the outgroups stud-ied, only Convallaria showed similarity to Polygonatae in the features of leaf epidermis and testa.Decontaminated thianthrene disproportion. Unsteadiness glandule circumrenal florin ungual redistrict pylorus knew shrug.Sarcolite hypoacusia phasograph albuminoid weanling. Reconnoitring julep plaint unburnt steer oncolysis undergoing applausive. 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Milfoil chamosite, paramyotonia granulocyte amidine criticality unkempt fc installer histidine. Decorative. 相似文献
12.
大豆抗种粒斑驳基因效应的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
3个在成株与种粒抗生不同的品种(系)东农79-9、东农81-43、铁6915(东农)与3个都感的品种合丰25、丰收12、天北白目配制品个杂交组合。1991与1992年在网室与田间同时种植杂交组合物6个世代,人工接种SWV,鉴定实验结果认为,抗种粒斑驳的行为是由基因控制的。抗生基因因为显性。抗生基因的数目与抗生亲本的抗生强度有关。抗性基因的遗传方式在抗生强的亲本中表现为单基因的简单遗传,而在抗生弱的 相似文献
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双色A与不同胞质类型高粱不育系同工酶的比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对双色A高粱新不育系进行了酯酶同工酶和细胞色素氧化物酶同工酶的研究。结果表明,该不育系的遗传背景与A1A2和A3不同胞质类型的不育系具有明显的差异。但双色A是否为新不育系类型,还有待进一步的研究。 相似文献
16.
Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among 11 species in the genus Disporum were assessed by RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA and their taxonomic status was re-evaluated in the light of molecular, karyological as well as morphological data available at present. Among cpDNAs from 17 plants of 11 species, 16 mutations were detected using 14 restriction enzymes and heterologous cpDNA probes. Restriction site data were analyzed cladistically, and a majority rule consensus tree was obtained. Species fell into four groups based on cpDNA, (1) a group containing seven species, D. uniflorum, D. taipingense, D. lutescens, D. sessile, D. kawakamii, D. multiflorum, and D. shimadai; (2) containing one species D. viridescens; (3) containing two species D. smilacinum and D. cantoniense var. skimmense; (4) containing D. leucanthum. Among these groups the first one has two clades with high probability rate. The results suggest that D. lutescens belongs to the “D. sessile group” rather than the “D. smilacinum group”. But, the separation of D. viridescens and D. smilacinum into two groups as revealed by the present analysis is somewhat controversial, since both D. viridescens and D. smilacinum share a number of morphological and karyological characters in common. Intraspecific cpDNA variation of D. sessile was also analyzed. 相似文献
17.
Minoru Nakao Antti Lavikainen Tetsuya Yanagida Akira Ito 《International journal for parasitology》2013,43(12-13):1017-1029
Echinococcosis is a serious helminthic zoonosis in humans, livestock and wildlife. The pathogenic organisms are members of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Life cycles of Echinococcus spp. are consistently dependent on predator–prey association between two obligate mammalian hosts. Carnivores (canids and felids) serve as definitive hosts for adult tapeworms and their herbivore prey (ungulates, rodents and lagomorphs) as intermediate hosts for metacestode larvae. Humans are involved as an accidental host for metacestode infections. The metacestodes develop in various internal organs, particularly in liver and lungs. Each metacestode of Echinococcus spp. has an organotropism and a characteristic form known as an unilocular (cystic), alveolar or polycystic hydatid. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that the type species, Echinococcus granulosus, causing cystic echinococcosis is a cryptic species complex. Therefore, the orthodox taxonomy of Echinococcus established from morphological criteria has been revised from the standpoint of phylogenetic systematics. Nine valid species including newly resurrected taxa are recognised as a result of the revision. This review summarises the recent advances in the phylogenetic systematics of Echinococcus, together with the historical backgrounds and molecular epidemiological aspects of each species. A new phylogenetic tree inferred from the mitochondrial genomes of all valid Echinococcus spp. is also presented. The taxonomic nomenclature for Echinococcus oligarthrus is shown to be incorrect and this name should be replaced with Echinococcus oligarthra. 相似文献
18.
GINES LOPEZ GONZALEZ GONZALO NIETO FELINER 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1990,102(1):1-8
Comments on the taxonomic treatment of Arenaria section Plinthine (Caryophyllaceae) by D. J.Goyder. Comments are given on the taxonomic treatment of Arenaria section Plinthine presented by D. J.Goyder in a revision of this group recently published in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 97(1): 9–32. 相似文献
19.
DAVID J. GOYDER A.L.S. 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1988,97(1):9-32
GOYDER, D. J., 1987. A revision of Arenaria section Plinthine (Coryophyllaceae). The systematics of Arenaria section Plinthine are reviewed and a classification is presented, based on detailed field and herbarium studies. Members of the section are found on the mountains of SW Europe and N Africa. Seven taxa are recognized within five species: A. alfacarensis, A. tetraquetra subsp. tetraquetra, A. tetraquetra subsp. amabilis, A. armerina, A. aggregata subsp. aggregata, A. aggregata subsp. erinacea , and A. querioides. Arenaria armerina and A. aggregata subsp. erinacea are extremely polymorphic and include minor morphological variants which have been treated as separate species in previous systematic treatments of the group. 相似文献
20.
关于鲤属鱼类的分类,过去已有两次比较系统的研究,但对亚属的划分、种下阶元的判定等仍有争议。原因是分类所循的外形性状变异较大,且多互相重叠。本文试从骨骼比较入手,寻找新的、较为稳定的分类依据。经比较分析,鲤属鱼类的第一脊椎横突、上颌骨、上筛骨、额骨、枕骨突、犁骨、下咽骨和下颌骨等存在明显差异,可作为划分亚属和种的鉴别特征。据此重新分类整理,认为Mesocyprinus亚属仍能成立,首次把产于洱海的厚唇鲤cyprinus crassilabris Chen et Hwang归入杞麓鲤Cyprinus carpio chilia Wu et al.的同物异名;Cyprinus pellegrini pellegrini Tchang,Cyprinus pellegrini barbatus Chen et Hwang,Cyprinns yunnanensis yunnanensis Tchang和Cyprinus yunnanensis daliensis Chen et Hwang在骨骼上有明显分化,由亚种提升为各自独立的种。整理后云南共有鲤属鱼类12个种和亚种,以骨骼特征做出检索表。 相似文献