阿里红多糖对小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧的作用*

目的:研究阿里红多糖对小鼠的抗疲劳和耐缺氧作用。方法:将48只小鼠随机分为4组(n=12),即对照组,低、中、高剂量阿里红多糖组(100、200、400 mg/kg)。各组小鼠按0.20 ml/10 g每日连续灌胃21 d后,观察不同剂量的阿里红多糖对小鼠负重游泳时间,运动后血清尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原、肌糖原含量和常压耐缺氧存活时间、断头后呼吸维持时间的影响。结果:与对照组相比,阿里红多糖能延长小鼠负重游泳时间、耐缺氧存活时间及断头后呼吸维持时间,其中中、高剂量组差异均极显著(P＜0.01),低剂量组差异显著(P＜0.05);阿里红多糖能降低运动小鼠血清尿素氮、血乳酸含量,增加运动小鼠肝糖原、肌糖原含量,且大都差异显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜ 0.01)。结论:阿里红多糖具有抗疲劳作用和提高耐缺氧能力作用。     

Steroids from the roots of Asparagus officinalis and their cytotoxic activity

One new (Sarsasapogenin O) and seven known steroids were isolated from the roots of Asparagus officinalis L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including various 2D-NMR techniques, hydrolysis,and by comparison of spectral data of known compounds. These compounds together with nine steroids which were previously isolated from this plant, were tested for cytotoxic activity. Among them, eight compounds displayed significant cytotoxicities against human A2780, HO-8910, Eca-109, MGC-803, CNE, LTEP-a-2, KB and mouse L1210 tumor cells.     

Water-soluble polysaccharides from Salvia officinalis L. possessing immunomodulatory activity

A water-soluble polysaccharide complex (A) composed of galactose (17.9%), 3-O-methyl-galactose (3.0%), glucose (15.5%), mannose (8.3%), arabinose (30.4%), xylose (7.6%), fucose (2.6%), rhamnose (6.7%), and uronic acids (8.0%) has been isolated from the aerial parts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) by cold water extraction. It showed a broad molecular-mass distribution pattern (Mw approximately 2000-93,000) with a predominance of polymers with Mw< 10,000. Ion-exchange chromatography of A afforded six polymeric fractions (A1-A6) in which arabinogalactans associated with galacturonan and/or rhamnogalacturonan backbones prevail. Sage polysaccharides were examined for their immunomodulatory activity in the comitogenic thymocyte test which is interpreted as being an in vitro correlate of adjuvant activity. The acidic polysaccharide fractions A2, A3 and A4 exhibited the highest mitogenic and comitogenic activities of all fractions tested, and relatively high SI(comit)/SI(mit) ratios approximately 3 indicate potential adjuvant properties of these polysaccharides.     

Structural characterization of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula and its immunity activity

The water-soluble polysaccharide (CPP), with a molecular mass of 1.1x10(4) Da, was obtained from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula. Structure feature investigation by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis revealed that CPP had a backbone consisting of (1-->3)-linked-beta-D-galactopyranosyl, (1-->2, 3)-linked-beta-D-galactopyranosyl and (1-->3)-linked-alpha-D-rhamnopyranosyl residues, which were branched with two glycosyl residues composed of alpha-L-arabinose-(1-->5)-alpha-L-arabinose(1-->linked residues at the O-2 position of galactosyl along the main chain in the ratio of 1:1:2:1:1. Preliminary immunological tests in vitro showed CPP could stimulate concanavalin A (ConA)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.     

中药巴戟天中水溶性多糖的分离及结构鉴定(英文)

中药巴戟天(Morinda officinalis)的根经过水提、醇沉、脱色和离子交换得到水溶性多糖(MOHP-1),经过FIIR、HPLC、NMR和GC-MS分析,最后确定MOHP-1是由果糖以(2→1)糖苷键连接的菊淀粉性多糖,其结构为α-Glcp-(1→2)-[β-Fruf-(2→1)-β-Frucf]n。     

巴戟天抗疲劳功效成分的研究

为探究巴戟天抗疲劳功效及活性成分。实验采用乙醇回流提取,经大孔树脂、MCI、ODS柱层析分离,核磁共振鉴定结构。结果表明,巴戟天醇提物大孔树脂分离得10%乙醇洗脱物对小鼠运动抗疲劳作用效果最明显,再经MCI、ODS柱分离,得到四个化合物单体,分别是耐斯糖(1)、4-羧基-7-羟基-8-羟甲基-3,6-环烯醚萜苷(2)、4-乙酰基-8-羟甲基-3,7-环烯醚萜苷(3)和4-羧基-7-羟基-8-羟甲基-10-乙酰基-3,6-环烯醚萜苷(4)。化合物2、3、4为首次从巴戟天中分离得到的环烯醚萜苷类化合物。     

Anthraquinones and an iridoid glycoside from the roots of Morinda pandurifolia

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Highlights? This is the first report on the phytochemical investigation of Morinda pandurifolia. ? A new natural anthraquinone (8) has been isolated from M. pandurifolia. ? Ten anthraquinones and iridoid glycoside have never been reported in this plant. ? Compounds 2, 3 and 4 showed moderate cytotoxicity against KB cells.     

Purification and antitumor activity of two acidic polysaccharides from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia

Two acidic polysaccharide fractions (PTPa and PTPb) extracted from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia, were obtained by DEAE-Sephacel anion-exchange, and Sephadex G-100 gel-permeation chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified that PTPa and PTPb was composed of Ara, Glc, Gal, Man and GlcUA in the proportion of 2.4:1.2:0.6:0.4:1.1 and 2.1:1.7:0.5:0.6:1.7, respectively. Their molecular weight was evaluated to be 5.9×10(4) (PTPa) and 2.5×10(4)Da (PTPb) as determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Pharmacological studies revealed PTPa and PTPb significantly inhibited the growth of A549 cells in vitro and exhibited significantly higher antitumor activity against solid tumor A549 in vivo than did a blank control. Moreover, treatment with two acidic polysaccharides caused an enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in tumor-bearing mice and a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level. Taken together, these results indicated that two acidic polysaccharides from the roots of P. tenuifolia may be useful as potent antitumor agents for the prevention of lung tumorigenesis.     

Anti-inflammatory neolignans from the roots of Magnolia officinalis

Nine neolignan derivatives (1–9) were characterized from the roots of Magnolia officinalis, and their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses. Among them, houpulins E (1) and M (9) possess novel homo- and trinor-neolignan skeletons. In addition, 15 known compounds (10–24) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with those reported in the literature. Some of the purified constituents were examined for anti-inflammatory activity and, among the tested compounds, houpulins G (3), I (5), J (6), and 2,2′-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5,5′-di-(2-propenylbiphenyl) (19) significantly inhibited superoxide anion generation and elastase release with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.54 to 5.48 μM and 2.16 to 3.39 μM, respectively. Therefore, these neolignan derivatives have tremendous potential to be explored as anti-inflammatory agents.     

Triterpene glycosides from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis

Five triterpene glycosides were isolated from the MeOH extract of Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae) roots, as confirmed by detailed analysis of their 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional NMR data, and by the results of hydrolytic cleavage. Three known triterpenes and six known triterpene glycosides were also isolated and identified. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HSC-2 cells and HGF.     

Structural elucidation and antitumor activity of a fructan from Cyathula officinalis Kuan

A fructan named CoPS3 was isolated from Cyathula officinalis Kuan. The structure of CoPS3 was determined by methylation, by the reductive-cleavage method combined with GC-MS analysis, and both 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These results show that CoPS3 is a graminans-type fructan that is comprised of a beta-D-fructofuranosyl backbone having residues linked (2-->1)- and (2-->6) with branches and an alpha-D-glucopyranose residue on the nonreducing end of the fructan chain. Each branch is terminated by a beta-D-Fruf residue. Bioassay showed that it could inhibit growth of Lewis pulmonary carcinoma implanted in mice.     

Steroidal saponins from roots of Asparagus officinalis

Sarsasapogenin M (1) and sarsasapogenin N (2), two new oligospirostanosides with a unique aglycone moiety, (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta, 17alpha-diol, along with seven known compounds (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-[beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1,4)]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), (25S)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,2)-[alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,4)]-beta-d-glucopyranoside (5), (25S)26-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-5beta-furost-20 (22)-ene-3beta,26-diol-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (6), yamogenin (7), beta-sitosterol (8), and sitosterol-beta-d-glucoside (9) were isolated from the roots of Asparagus officinalis L. Their structures were determined by spectral analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments.     

Sesquiterpenoids and lignans from the roots of Valeriana officinalis L

Two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids, valerol A (1) and kessyl 3-acetate (2), together with nine known compounds, valeracetate (3), anismol A (4), orientalol C (5), spatulenol (6), 4α,10α-epoxyaromadendrane (7), (+)-8-hydroxypinoresinol (8), pinorespiol (9), pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), and 8-hydroxypinoresinol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) were isolated from the roots of Valeriana officinalis. The structures and relative configurations of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods (1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, UV, and IR). These compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and enhancing activity on nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.     

巴戟天研究现状与展望(综述)

巴戟天是我国四大南药之一,其主要成分有:糖类、蒽醌类、环烯醚萜苷类、有机酸类、微量元素、氨基酸和甾醇类等,具有补肾壮阳、强筋健骨、祛风湿、固精髓等功效。本文综述巴戟天的生药鉴定、化学成分、药理作用、抗病性、繁殖方式等5方面的研究现状,并展望建立巴戟天愈伤组织再生体系,应用现代生物技术进一步开展其品种改良、遗传转化、多倍体诱导、细胞悬浮培养提取次生代谢物等方面的发展前景。     

Structural characterization and immunological activity of two cold-water extractable polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma

Two major polysaccharide fractions, CDA-1A and CDA-3B, were isolated from the cold-water extract of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, a holoparasitic plant and a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, using anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel-permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 and Sephadex G-150. Their major structural features were elucidated using component and linkage analyses, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, partial acid hydrolysis, and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that CDA-1A is an alpha-(1-->4)-D-glucan with alpha-(1-->6)-linked branches attached to the O-6 of branch points and that CDA-3B is an RG-I polysaccharide containing a typical rhamnogalacturonan backbone and arabinogalactan or arabinan branches. Bioactivity tests showed that CDA-1A is inert for T-cell proliferation stimulation but active for B-cell proliferation, while CDA-3B is potent for the stimulation of both T- and B-cell proliferation.     

Characterization of immunomodulatory polysaccharides from Salvia officinalis L

Crude polysaccharide fractions, rich mainly in arabinogalactans (A), pectin (B) and glucuronoxylan-related polymers (D), have been obtained from aerial parts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) by sequential extraction with various reagents. Arabinogalactans displayed on HPLC a dominance of lower molecular-mass polymers (MW < 10,000), while pectin and glucuronoxylan-related polysaccharides showed predominance of polymers with MW > 50,000. Individual polysaccharide fractions were examined for their immunomodulatory activity in the in vitro comitogenic thymocyte test. The polysaccharide fractions tested possessed the capacity to induce rat thymocyte proliferation in the order D>B>A. Besides, fraction D possessed a significant comitogenic effect, and the SIcomit/SImit ratio 3-4 indicates potential adjuvant properties of this glucuronoxylan-rich material.     

Two novel hexasaccharides from the roots of Asparagus officinalis

Two non-reducing hexasaccharides isolated from the roots of Asparagus officinalis were identified as 1^F-β-fructofuranosyl-6^G(1-β-fructofuranosyl)₃sucrose and 1^F(1-β-fructofuranosyl)₂-6^G(1-β-fructofuranosyl)₂sucrose by examination of the constituent saccharides, GLC analysis of methyl derivatives, and investigation of partial acid hydrolysates and β-fructofuranosidase-catalysed hydrolysis products.     

Anthraquinone compounds from Morinda officinalis inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro

The root of Morinda officinalis has been claimed to have a protective effect against bone loss in sciatic neurectomized and ovariectomized osteoporotic rats, and this protective effect is supposed to be attributed to anthraquinone compounds in the plant. In the present study, we investigated the effects of three anthraquinones isolated from M. officinalis, including 1, 3, 8-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-anthraquinone (1), 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-anthraquinone (2) and rubiadin (3) on bone resorption activity in vitro and the mechanism on osteoclasts derived from rat bone marrow cells. Compound 1, 2 and 3 decreased the formation of bone resorption pits, the number of multinucleated osteoclasts, and the activity of tartrate resistant acid phosphates (TRAP) and cathepsin K in the coculture system of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells in the presence of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamine D(3) and dexamethasone. They also enhanced the apoptosis of osteoclasts induced from bone marrow cells with M-CSF and RANKL. In addition, Compound 1, 2 and 3 improved the ratio of mRNA and protein expression of OPG and RANKL in osteoblasts, interfered with the JNK and NF-κB signal pathway, and reduced the expression of calcitonin receptor (CTR) and carbonic anhydrase/II (CA II) in osteoclasts induced from bone marrow cells with M-CSF and RANKL. These findings indicate that the anthraquinone compounds from M. officinalis are potential inhibitors of bone resorption, and may also serve as evidence to explain the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of some other reported anthraquinones on bone loss.     

巴戟天组织培养和快速繁殖研究

以巴戟天顶芽及嫩茎节段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过不同的激素种类和浓度配比,建立巴戟天组培快繁体系。结果表明,外植体表面消毒以70%酒精预处理60s,再用0.1%HgCl2浸泡10min,效果较好,茎节为外植体优于顶芽。培养基MS+BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.05mg/L利于诱导出芽,可用于初代培养;MS+BA1.0mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L利于形成丛生芽,用于继代增殖,繁殖系数6.0/50d;1/2MS+IBA0.4~0.8mg/L适宜诱导生根获得再生植株,生根率100%;生根苗移栽于排水良好的火土或砂土中,成活率90%。