共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tariq Aftab M. Masroor A. Khan Mohd. Idrees M. Naeem Moinuddin Nadeem Hashmi 《Protoplasma》2011,248(3):631-631
2.
Gao-Bin Pu Dong-Ming Ma Jian-Lin Chen Lan-Qing Ma Hong Wang Guo-Feng Li He-Chun Ye Ben-Ye Liu 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(7):1127-1135
This paper provides evidence that salicylic acid (SA) can activate artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua L. Exogenous application of SA to A. annua leaves was followed by a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid into artemisinin.
In the 24 h after application, SA application led to a gradual increase in the expression of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) gene and a temporary peak in the expression of the amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) gene. However, the expression of the farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDS) gene and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) gene showed little change. At 96 h after SA (1.0 mM) treatment, the concentration of artemisinin, artemisinic acid and dihydroartemisinic
acid were 54, 127 and 72% higher than that of the control, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that SA induces
artemisinin biosynthesis in at least two ways: by increasing the conversion of dihydroartemisinic acid into artemisinin caused
by the burst of ROS, and by up-regulating the expression of genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis. 相似文献
3.
Characterization of development and artemisinin biosynthesis in self-pollinated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis> plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Artemisia annua L. is the only natural resource that produces artemisinin (Qinghaosu), an endoperoxide sesquiterpene lactone used in the
artemisinin-combination therapy of malaria. The cross-hybridization properties of A. annua do not favor studying artemisinin biosynthesis. To overcome this problem, in this study, we report on selection of self-pollinated
A. annua plants and characterize their development and artemisinin biosynthesis. Self-pollinated F2 plants selected were grown under
optimized growth conditions, consisting of long day (16 h of light) and short day (9 h of light) exposures in a phytotron.
The life cycles of these plants were approximately 3 months long, and final heights of 30–35 cm were achieved. The leaves
on the main stems exhibited obvious morphological changes, from indented single leaves to odd, pinnately compound leaves.
Leaves and flowers formed glandular and T-shaped trichomes on their surfaces. The glandular trichome densities increased from
the bottom to the top leaves. High performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling analyses
showed that leaves, flowers, and young seedlings of F2 plants produced artemisinin. In leaves, the levels of artemisinin increased
from the bottom to the top of the plants, showing a positive correlation to the density increase of glandular trichomes. RT-PCR
analysis showed that progeny of self-pollinated plants expressed the amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase (ADS) and cytochrome P450
monooxygenase 71 AV1 (CYP71AV1) genes, which are involved in artemisinin biosynthesis in leaves and flowers. The use of self-pollinated
A. annua plants will be a valuable approach to the study of artemisinin biosynthesis. 相似文献
4.
Khanhvan T. Nguyen Patrick R. Arsenault Pamela J. Weathers 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(3):329-338
Artemisinin is a highly effective sesquiterpene lactone therapeutic produced in the plant, Artemisia annua. Despite its efficacy against malaria and many other infectious diseases and neoplasms, the drug is in short supply mainly
because the plant produces low levels of the compound. This review updates the current understanding of artemisinin biosynthesis
with a special focus on the emerging knowledge of how biosynthesis of the compound is regulated in planta. 相似文献
5.
6.
Artemisinin production by hairy roots of Artemisia annua L. was increased 6-fold to 1.8 μg mg−1 dry wt over 6 days by adding 150 mg chitosan l−1. The increase was dose-dependent. Similar treatment of hairy roots with methyl jasmonate (0.2 mM) or yeast extract (2 mg ml−1) increased artemisinin production to 1.5 and 0.9 μg mg−1 dry wt, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Annual wormwood (Artemisia annua L.) produces an array of complex terpenoids including artemisinin, a compound of current interest in the treatment of drug-resistant
malaria. However, this promising antimalarial compound remains expensive and is hardly available on the global scale. Synthesis
of artemisinin has not been proved to be feasible commercially. Therefore, increase in yield of naturally occurring artemisinin
is an important area of investigation. The effects of inoculation by two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus macrocarpum and Glomus fasciculatum, either alone or supplemented with P-fertilizer, on artemisinin concentration in A. annua were studied. The concentration of artemisinin was determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with
UV detection. The two fungi significantly increased concentration of artemisinin in the herb. Although there was significant
increase in concentration of artemisinin in nonmycorrhizal P-fertilized plants as compared to control, the extent of the increase
was less compared to mycorrhizal plants grown with or without P-fertilization. This suggests that the increase in artemisinin
concentration may not be entirely attributed to enhanced P-nutrition and improved growth. A strong positive linear correlation
was observed between glandular trichome density on leaves and artemisinin concentration. Mycorrhizal plants possessed higher
foliar glandular trichome (site for artemisinin biosynthesis and sequestration) density compared to nonmycorrhizal plants.
Glandular trichome density was not influenced by P-fertilizer application. The study suggests a potential role of AM fungi
in improving the concentration of artemisinin in A. annua. 相似文献
8.
Pu Shi Xueqing Fu Meng Liu Qian Shen Weimin Jiang Ling Li Xiaofen Sun Kexuan Tang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2017,129(2):251-259
Artemisinin, isolated from an annual herbaceous plant Artemisia annua L., is an effective antimalarial compound. However, artemisinin is accumulated in small amounts (0.01–0.1% leaf dry weight) in A. annua, resulting in constant high artemisinin price. Although metabolic engineering of partial artemisinin metabolic pathway in yeast achieved great success, artemisinin from A. annua is still the important business resource. Here, we report on the generation of transgenic plants with simultaneously overexpressing four artemisinin biosynthetic pathway genes, amorpha-4,11-diene synthase gene (ADS), amorpha-4,11-diene 12-monooxygenase gene (CYP71AV1), cytochrome P450 reductase gene (CPR), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene (ALDH1) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the introduced four genes of the transgenic lines were all highly expressed. Through high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, the artemisinin contents were increased markedly in transformants, with the highest being 3.4-fold higher compared with non-converter. These results indicate that overexpression of multiple artemisinin biosynthetic pathway genes is a promising approach to improve artemisinin yield in A. annua. 相似文献
9.
Waleerat Banyai Chalermpol Kirdmanee Masahiro Mii Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,103(2):255-265
Transgenic plants of Artemisia annua L., a medicinal plant that produces the compound artemisinin which has an anti-malarial activity, were developed following
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of leaf explants. A. tumefaciens strain EHA105 carrying either pCAMBIA1301 or pCAMBIAFPS was used. Both plasmids harbored the hygromycin phosphotransferase
II (hptII) gene as a selectable gene, but the latter plasmid also harbored the gene encoding for farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase
(FPS), a key enzyme for artemisinin biosynthesis. Shoot regeneration was observed either directly from leaf sections or via intervening
callus when explants were incubated on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium containing 0.1 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 1 mg l−1 N6-benzyladenine (BA), 30 mg l−1 meropenem and 10 mg l−1 hygromycin. Applying vacuum infiltration dramatically increased transformation efficiency up to 7.3 and 19.7% when plasmids
with and without FPS gene were used, respectively. All putative transgenic regenerants showed positive bands of hptII gene following Southern blot analysis. Expression of FPS was observed in all transgenic lines, and FPS over-expressed lines exhibited higher artemisinin content and yield, of 2.5- and 3.6-fold, respectively, than that detected
in wild-type plants. A relatively high correlation (R
2 = 0.78) was observed between level of expression of FPS and artemisinin content. However, gene silencing was detected in some transgenic lines, especially for those lines containing
two copies of the FPS transgene, and with some lines exhibiting reduced growth. 相似文献
10.
The present study was conducted to examine differential responses of roots and leaves of Artemisia annua to different arsenic concentrations (50, 100, and 150 μΜ) and treatment durations (1, 3, 5, or 7 d). The values of bioconcentration factor and translocation factor calculated on the basis of total As-accumulation in roots and shoots suggested that A. annua is a good As-accumulator. Above and below ground plant biomass was enhanced at 100 μΜ As but at 150 μΜ As was significantly reduced. As-treatment caused membrane damage more in the roots than in the leaves as reflected by higher degree of lipid peroxidation in the roots than in the leaves. In response to As stress, plants activated antioxidative defense for detoxification of induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), As sequestration via phytochelatins (PCS) as well as production of a wide range of secondary metabolites. All of them were activated differently in roots and leaves. Among enzymatic antioxidants, leaves significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, whereas in roots SOD, catalase, and peroxidase played significant role in ROS detoxification. Plants activated As-sequestration pathway through thiols, glutathione, and PCS and their respective genes were more induced in leaves than in roots. Further gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectroscopy analysis revealed differential modulation of secondary metabolites in leaves and roots to sustain As-stress. For example, roots synthesized linoleic acid (4.85 %) under As-treatment that probably stimulated stress-signalling pathways and in turn activated differential defense mechanisms in roots to cope up with the adverse effects of As. 相似文献
11.
Artemisinin, a natural sesquiterpenoid isolated from Artemisia annua L., is regarded as the most efficient drug against malaria in the world. Artemsinin production in NaCl-treated A. annua seedlings and its relationships with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity and generation of H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) were investigated. Results revealed that artemisinin content in the seedlings was increased by 79.3 % over the control after 1-month treatment with 68 mM NaCl. The G6PDH activity was enhanced in the presence of NaCl together with stimulated generation of H2O2 and NO. Application of 1.0 mM glucosamine (GlcN), an inhibitor of G6PDH, blocked the increase of NADPH oxidase and nitrate reductase (NR) activities, as well as H2O2 and NO production in A. annua seedlings under the salt stress. The induced H2O2 was found to be involved in the upgrading gene expression of two key enzymes in the later stage of artemisinin biosynthetic pathway: amorphadiene synthase (ADS) and amorpha-4,11-diene monooxygenase (CYP71AV1). The released NO being attributed mainly to the increase of NR activity, negatively interacted with H2O2 production and enhanced gene expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). Inhibition of NO generation partly blocked NaCl-induced artemisinin accumulation, and NO donor strongly rescued the decreased content of artemisinin caused by GlcN. These results suggest that G6PDH could play a critical role in NaCl-induced responses and artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua. 相似文献
12.
1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), an important enzyme in the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in plant plastids, provides the basic five-carbon units for isoprenoid biosynthesis. To investigate the roles of the MEP pathway in regulating growth, development and artemisinin biosynthesis of Artemisia annua L., we used RNA interference technology to generate transgenic plants with suppressed expression of DXR in A. annua (AaDXR). Suppression of AaDXR resulted in shorter stems, decreased branch numbers and leaf area, lower density of leaf trichomes. Although AaDXR-RNAi plants had no significant changes on the stomatal conductance, the net photosynthesis rate was decreased by 20.0–31.4% due to the marked decline in the contents of chlorophyll. Decreased levels of endogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid were also detected in the transgenic lines. The artemisinin contents in leaves of all tested transgenic lines declined by 41.8–73.4% at the vegetative stage and 61.5–63.6% at the stages of flowering. The enhancement of artemisinin contents by methyl jasmonate at 300 µM has been abolished at seedling and vegetative stages in AaDXR-RNAi plants. These results demonstrate that AaDXR play import roles in the control of plan vegetative growth and artemisinin biosynthesis in A. annua. 相似文献
13.
Mauji Ram M. A. Khan Prabhakar Jha Salim Khan Usha Kiran M. M. Ahmad Saleem Javed M. Z. Abdin 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2010,32(5):859-866
In vivo modulation of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) activity and its impact on artemisinin biosynthesis as well as accumulation
were studied through exogenous supply of labeled HMG-CoA (substrate), labeled MVA (the product), and mevinolin (the competitive
inhibitor) using twigs of Artemisia annua L. plants collected at the pre-flowering stage. By increasing the concentration (2–16 μM) of HMG-CoA (3-14C), incorporation of labeled carbon into artemisinin was enhanced from 7.5 to 17.3 nmol (up to 130%). The incorporation of
label (14C) into MVA and artemisinin was inhibited up to 87.5 and 82.9%, respectively, in the presence of 200 μM mevinolin in incubation
medium containing 12 μM HMG-CoA (3-14C). Interestingly, by increasing the concentration of MVA (2-14C) from 2 to 18 μM, incorporation of label (14C) into artemisinin was enhanced from 10.5 to 35 nmol (up to 233%). When HMG-CoA (3-14C) concentration was increased from 12 to 28 μM in the presence of 150 μM mevinolin, the inhibitions in the incorporation
of label (14C) into MVA and artemisinin were, however, reversed and the labels were found to approach their values in twigs fed with 12 μM
HMG-CoA (3-14C) without mevinolin. In another experiment, 14.2% inhibition in artemisinin accumulation was observed in twigs in the presence
of 175 μM fosmidomycin, the competitive inhibitor of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductase (DXR). HMG-CoA reductase activity and artemisinin accumulation were also increased by 18.6
to 24.5% and 30.7 to 38.4%, respectively, after 12 h of treatment, when growth hormones IAA (100 ppm), GA3 (100 ppm) and IAA + GA3 (50 + 50 ppm) were sprayed on A. annua plants at the pre-flowering stage. The results obtained in this study, hence, demonstrate that the mevalonate pathway is
the major contributor of carbon supply to artemisinin biosynthesis and HMGR limits artemisinin synthesis and its accumulation
in A. annua plants. 相似文献
14.
Although crosstalk between cytosolic and plastidic terpenoid pathways has been validated in many plant species, we report
here for the first time a striking elevation of the nucleus-encoded artemisinin biosynthesis relevant DBR2 mRNA following the incubation of plants with fosmidomycin (FM). FM decreased singlet oxygen (1O2) scavengers such as β-carotene and α-tocopherol and subsequently invoked 1O2 burst. The treatment of plants with fluridone (FD) neither decreased α-tocopherol content nor triggered 1O2 emission. In conclusion, FM can up-regulate 1O2-sensitive nuclear genes responsible for artemisinin biogenesis by mitigating the accumulation of plastidic scavenging terpenoids,
thereby eliciting 1O2 generation and initiating 1O2 retrograde signaling. 相似文献
15.
Rupali Gupta Akanksha Singh M. M. Gupta Rakesh Pandey 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2016,32(10):167
Artemisia annua L. is mostly known for a bioactive metabolite, artemisinin, an effective sesquiterpene lactone used against malaria without any reputed cases of resistance. In this experiment, bioinoculants viz., Streptomyces sp. MTN14, Bacillus megaterium MTN2RP and Trichoderma harzianum Thu were applied as growth promoting substances to exploit full genetic potential of crops in terms of growth, yield, nutrient uptake and particularly artemisinin content. Further, multi-use of the bioinoculants singly and in combinations for the enhancement of antioxidant potential and therapeutic value was also undertaken which to our knowledge has never been investigated in context with microbial application. The results demonstrated that a significant (P < 0.05) increase in growth, nutrient uptake, total phenolic, flavonoid, free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity were observed in the A. annua treated with a combination of bioinoculants in comparison to control. Most importantly, an increase in artemisinin content and yield by 34 and 72 % respectively in the treatment having all the three microbes was observed. These results were further authenticated by the PCA analysis which showed positive correlation between plant macronutrients and antioxidant content with plant growth and artemisinin yield of A. annua. The present study thus highlights a possible new application of compatible bioinoculants for enhancing the growth along with antioxidant and therapeutic value of A. annua. 相似文献
16.
Summary Few studies have focused on the effect of a broad range of phytohormones on growth and secondary metabolism of a single hairy
root species. We measured growth, development, and production of the antimalarial drug, artemisinin, in Artemisia annua hairy roots in response to the five main hormones: auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA).
Single roots grown in six-well plates in medium B5 with 0.01 mgl−1 (0.029 μM) GA3 produced the highest values overall in terms of the number of lateral roots, length of the primary root, lateral root tip
density, total lateral root length, and total root length. When the total root lengths are compared, the best conditions for
stimulating elongation appear to be: GA 0.01 mgl−1 (0.029μM)> ABA 1.0 mgl−1 (3.78μM)=GA 0.02 mgl−1 (0.058μM). Bulk yields of biomass were inversely proportional to the concentration of each hormone tested. All cultures provided with
ABA yielded the highest amount of biomass. Both 6-benzylaminopurine and 2-isopentenyladenine inhibited root growth, however,
only 2-isopentenyladenine stimulated artemisinin production, more than twice that of the B5 controls, and more than any other
hormone studied. These results will prove useful in increasing hairy root growth and artemisinin production. 相似文献
17.
M. L. Wang Y. S. Jiang J. Q. Wei X. Wei X. X. Qi S. Y. Jiang Z. M. Wang 《Photosynthetica》2008,46(1):17-20
With an increase in growth irradiance (from 15 to 100 % of full sunlight, I15 to I100), the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P
max), compensation (CI) and saturation irradiances of A. annua increased. At full sunlight, A. annua had a high capacity of photosynthesis, while at low irradiance it maintained a relatively high P
max with a low CI. The height and diameter growth, total and leaf biomass, and artemisinin content of A. annua decreased with the decrease in irradiance, which might be connected with lower photosynthesis at lower than at higher irradiance.
Irradiances changed biomass allocations of A. annua. The leaf/total mass ratio of A. annua increased with decreasing irradiance, but the root/total mass ratio and root/above-ground mass generally increased with increasing
irradiance. Thus A. annua can grow in both weak and full sunlight. However, high yield of biomass and artemisinin require cultivation in an open habitat
with adequate sunshine. 相似文献
18.
19.
Jian Wen Wang Li Ping Zheng Ben Zhang Ting Zou 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2009,85(2):285-292
This work examined the accumulation of artemisinin and related secondary metabolism pathways in hairy root cultures of Artemisia annua L. induced by a fungal-derived cerebroside (2S,2′R,3R,3′E,4E,8E)-1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2-N-(2′-hydroxy-3′-octadecenoyl)-3-hydroxy-9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine. The presence of the cerebroside induced nitric oxide
(NO) burst and artemisinin biosynthesis in the hairy roots. The endogenous NO generation was examined to be involved in the
cerebroside-induced biosynthesis of artemisinin by using NO inhibitors, N
ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. The gene expression and activity
of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase were stimulated by the cerebroside, but more strongly by the potentiation of NO. While the
mevalonate pathway inhibitor, mevinolin, only partially inhibited the induced artemisinin accumulation, the plastidic 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway inhibitor, fosmidomycin, nearly arrested artemisinin accumulation induced by cerebroside and
the combination elicitation with an NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). With the potentiation by SNP at 10 μM, the cerebroside
elicitor stimulated artemisinin production in 20-day-old hairy root cultures up to 22.4 mg/l, a 2.3-fold increase over the
control. These results suggest that cerebroside plays as a novel elicitor and the involvement of NO in the signaling pathway
of the elicitor activity for artemisinin biosynthesis. 相似文献
20.
Gao-Jie Hong Wen-Li Hu Jian-Xu Li Xiao-Ya Chen Ling-Jian Wang 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2009,27(3):334-341