Presence de pollens d'Hamamelis (Hamamelidaceae,Angiospermae) dans le pliocene du Sud de la France

Pollen-analysis shows the presence of the genus Hamamelis in the pliocene flora of southern France. It contributesto the knowledge of the past distribution of taxa which are now extinct in western Europe.     

La distribution des “coquilles d'oeufs de dinosauriens multistratifiees” dans le Maestrichtien continental du Sud de la France

The study of the numerical importance and the distribution of dinosaurian multilayered eggshells, in the various continental Maastrichtian levels of southern France, make us declare that this, type of pathological development must not be regarded, since it is very rare, as an element explaining the dinosaurian extinction at the end of the Cretaceous.     

Nouvelles données paléoenvironnementales dans le Sud de la France vers 30000 ans 14C BP : le cas de la grotte Marie (Hérault)

The Marie cave, discovered to the north of Montpellier, Hérault (France), has yielded a fauna of 28 vertebrates, out of which 23 are small to large mammals, notably Mammuthus primigenius. The few discovered artefacts have been attributed to the Upper Palaeolithic, which is in agreement with the two radiocarbon dates (31450 ¹⁴C yr BP for the low level, and 28680 ¹⁴C yr BP near the cave's entrance). The palynological study shows the existence (i) of a wooded steppe on the plateau, and (ii) of a riverine forest with alders in the valleys, associated with Mediterranean taxa. These data confirm the presence in Languedoc of Mediterranean species around 30000 yr BP, which qualifies the hypothesis of exclusively Spanish and Italian refuges during glacial periods.     

Distribution de la Phosphonates dans le Sang et le Sperme de Boeuf

A new assay for aminopeptidase P was established by coupling with proline iminopeptidase using Gly-Pro-chromogen (e.g. Gly-Pro-β-naphthylamide, Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide, or .Gly-Pro-4-methyl coumarin amide) as the substrate. With each substrate, a linear relationship was established between the enzyme amounts and color development or fluorescence due to the chromogen released. This assay method did not suffer from interference by materials in culture broth. By using this assay method, aminopeptidase P was partially purified from Escherichia coli HB101 by chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the chromatogram with a DEAE-Sephadex column, two peaks of aminopeptidase P were observed and were named APP-I and APP-II. APP-I was further purified by HPLC using DEAE-5PW and Phenyl-5PW columns. Optimum pHs of APP-I and APP-II were 8.0 and 9.0, respectively. In contrast to APP-I which was stable around pH 10, APP-II was stable at pH 8 to 9. After incubation for 30 min at pH 8.0, fifty percent of the remaining activity of APP-I and APP-II were observed at 60°C and 50°C. APP-I and APP-II were activated 3-fold by the addition of 5 and 30 μm Mn²⁺. They were inhibited by EDTA, and reactivated by adding Mn^{2 +}. The molecular weights of APP-I and APP-II were 350,000 and 210,000, respectively. Each enzymes released the amino terminal amino acid when proline is at the penultimate position. The velocity of hydrolysis by the enzymes was not significantly different for most X-Pro bonds (X = amino acid) of peptides except for Pro-Pro bond. APP-II hydrolyzed penta-(Pro-Pro-Gly) at a much higher rate than APP-I, suggesting the aminopeptidase P reported by Yaron and Mlynar (BBRC, 32, 658 (1968)) to be APP-II.     

Correlations stratigraphiques et paleogeographie des formationsmarines et continentales a la limite Oligocene-Miocene dans le SE de la France

Correlation table of the different units at the oligocene-miocene boundary; paleogeographical and paleoclimatical results; discussion.     

Place de la prostatectomie radicale dans le traitement du cancer de prostate

The screening of the prostate cancer with PSA has dramatically modified the circumstances of diagnosis. Nowadays, most of the patients have a localized disease. The treatment is based on prognostic factors and the spreading of the tumor. If the cancer is localized, some treatments are available. Among them, the radical prostatectomy can be performed either laparoscopically or by an open approach. Surgical treatment of prostate cancer is proven to be an effective way to decrease the occurrence of locoregional extension and metastatic disease. It has been proven that it allowed diminishing the mortality in patients who have a life expectancy more than 10 years. The side effects of the radical prostatectomy consist of impotency and incontinence which can be rehabilitated. The treatment of locally advanced cancer is a controversial issue that can consist in surgery as a unique treatment or in a multimodal treatment. This text summaries the recommendations of the French association of Urology.     

Technique du ganglion sentinelle dans le cancer de la prostate

Urological interest of sentinel lymph node procedure in prostate cancer, and methods, both are presented in conformity with the presentation of action concertée en medecine nucléaire (ACOMEN).     

Réévaluation de la présence humaine au Pléistocène inférieur dans le Sud de l'Espagne

The Early Pleistocene locality at Venta Micena (Orce, Guadix-Baza basin, province of Granada, Spain) has provided four fossil remains - skull fragment VM-0, and long bone diaphyses VM-1960, VM-3691, and VM-12000 - which have been tentatively attributed to the hominids. Although several methodologies have been used to ascertain the human affinities of these specimens - including anatomical, morphometric and immunological analyses - the results obtained have not been conclusive, instigating a persistent debate. A taphonomic approach is used here for estimating the probability that a taxon the size of Homo sp. (~ 50 kg) could be represented in the fossil assemblage by four bone fragments and no tooth remain. A least-squares regression analysis between the percentage of teeth and the body mass estimated for each taxon of large mammals (N = 20) predicts a raw abundance of six teeth for Homo sp. in the assemblage. Given that up to the present moment no tooth remains attributable to the hominids has been unearthed during systematic excavations in the Venta Micena quarry, which has provided more than 15,000 fossils of large mammals, this argues strongly against the possibility that the three bone specimens could belong to Homo sp. The phalanx CV-0 from the Early Pleistocene site of Cueva Victoria (Cartagena, Spain) has also been attributed to the genus Homo. The taxonomic assignment of this specimen is biased, however, because it was not compared with Theropithecus oswaldi, the only primate species actually recorded from this karstic locality. A comparative anatomical and morphometric analysis of fossil and modern specimens of Theropithecus suggests that CV-0 can be attributed to T. oswaldi. As a result, Cueva Victoria does not contribute additional information concerning the first human settlements in Europe. By these reasons, apart from the paleoanthropological and archaeological findings from Atapuerca (TD lower levels and Sima del Elefante), the rich archaeological assemblages from Barranco León and Fuente Nueva-3 in Orce, dated 1.3-1.2 Myrs, which include fourteen hundred stone tools of Oldowan technology, constitute at present the only unequivocal evidence of human presence in Southeast Spain during Early Pleistocene times.     

Facteurs de limitation des populations d'Aphis fabae dans l'ouest de la France

Résumé Dans l'ensemble d'études consacrées aux épizooties àEntomophthoraceae surAphis fabae (Scopoli) en Bretagne, ce travail présente les résultats obtenus de 1972 à 1974 à l'aide d'échantillons importants (100 à 300 plantes). Ces résultats concernent principalementNeozygites fresenii (Now.)Remaudière & Keller. En 1972, les conditions climatiques sont tamponnées et constamment favorables aux mycoses. Le nombre d'aphides sains et d'aphides mycosés suit une évolution exponentielle particulièrement régulière; l'effet (évolution du pourcentage de mycosés) n'en est pas moins très brusque. L'arrivée des mycoses dans la parcelle a lieu en même temps que celle des pucerons, ce qui plaide en faveur d'une contamination exogène à laquelle prendraient part les ailés de différentes espèces. Le début du développement de la maladie n'est pas homogène dans l'espace. Les tout premiers mycosés apparaissent dans n'importe quelle colonie, mais très vite on constate que ce sont les colonies les plus grosses qui comportent le plus de mycosés. Cependant, cette relation, qui reste valable pendant la suite de l'épizootie, est très lache. A un moment donné de son déroulement, quelle que soit la taille des colonies concernées, il y a une large gamme de variabilité dans leur taux de parasitisme. Les formes adultes sont systématiquement plus mycosées que les formes larvaires, mais la différence s'amenuise jusqu'à s'annuler à la fin de l'épizootie. En juillet, selon les années, les pucerons mycosés peuvent ou non former des spores durables; en 1972, seulement 2,6 % d'entre eux en forment, mais la répartition de ces individus dans le champ est très homogène.

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Summary This 4th study on epizootics that occur in the populations of the black bean aphid in Brittany, deals with data obtained between 1972 and 1974 using large samples (100 to 300 plants). The results concern mainlyNeozygites fresenii (Nowak) Remaudière & Keller. In 1972, the weather was not very changeable and always favourable for the fungi (table 1). The number of healthy aphids as well as the number of diseased ones, followed a remarkably regular exponential curve. As a result, the variation of the percentage of dead aphids was very sudden (fig. 1, fig. 2). The disease appeared in the fields at the same time as the aphids themselves; so it is possible to think that several species of winged aphids play a part in the introduction of the 1st inoculum into the field (table 2). At its beginning, the development of the disease was not homogeneous in space (table 4). The foremost diseased aphids could be found in any colony whatever its size, but before long it was found that the biggest colonies contained the greatest number of diseased aphids (table 3). Though this relation remained during the continuation of the epizooty, it was a loose one (table 5). At a given time, within colonies of a given size, the percentage of dead aphids was very variable (fig. 3). The adults (winged and apterae)_were systematically more diseased than the nymphs, but the difference became smaller as time went on, and it finally disappeared at the end of the epizooty (table 6). Some years in July, the diseased aphids could form resting spores; in 1972, 2.6% of them formed resting spores, and the spatial dispersion of these individuals was very regular (table 7).

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Les 3 premiers mémoires de cette étude ont été publiés dansEntomophaga respectivement parRobert, Rabasse & Scheltes (18, 1973, 61–75) parRabasse & Robert (20, 1975, 49–63) et parDedryver (23, 1978, 137–151).     

Présence de Chitinozoaires dans le passage Siluro-Dévonien de la Montagne Noire sud-orientale (Hérault,France)

The Silurian-Devonian boundary beds of the southeastern Montagne Noire contain few but well-preserved Chitinozoans. A total of 20 species have been recognized. We distinguish 4 assemblages which characterize the Upper Ludlovian, the Pridolian and the Lochkovian sediments.     

Stratigraphie et chronologie du site de Gaolingpo dans le bassin de Bose,sud de la Chine

The Bose Paleolithic industry in the Bose Basin, Guangxi, South China is well known in the international scientific community for its bearing handaxes dated back to 803 ka. Seven terraces were developed in the basin and terrace 4 is the most important because handaxes and tektites were recovered from this terrace. Since the first site was discovered in 1973, additional sites of the Bose Paleolithic industry have been investigated and excavated, most of which are located on terrace 4. The previous studies concluded that there is only one phase within this industry and its age is 803 ka. However, before 2013, no attempt had been made to dig down to the basal gravels from the top of terrace 4 in archaeological excavations. Therefore, the stratigraphy and the layers from which the stone artifacts derive of terrace 4 are not clear. In 2013–2014, we conducted an excavation of 200 m² at the Gaolingpo site, which is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in the Bose Basin. We excavated to the basal gravel deposits from the top of this terrace, and a section of more than 7 meters thick deposit was exposed and clearly shows the stratigraphic layers of Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. Furthermore, features and about 800 stone artifacts including choppers, picks, scrapers, etc. were excavated from several stratigraphic layers, which are different in age and other aspects. Based on stratigraphy and the stone artifacts, three stages of Paleolithic cultural remains from the Gaolingpo site can be established. The first stage is in the age of at leat 803 ka. The second stage can be dated to 15 ka and the third stage to about 10 ka.     

Localisation ultrastructurale de l'activite de la phosphatase alcaline dans le foie foetal humain

Résumé Les auteurs, dans le cadre d'une étude ultrastructurale du foie foetal humain, ont utilisé une méthode directe à pH 8 pour mettre en évidence l'activité de la phosphatase alcaline.L'accumulation du produit final de la réaction histochimique (phosphate de plomb) a pu être observée de façon constante sur les membranes plasmatiques des hepatocytes et des érythroblastes. Dans la lignée érythropoïétique les dépôts sont toujours plus intenses sur les cellules les plus immatures.Les auteurs ont observé également des dépôts importants de phosphate de plomb dans certains granules péribiliaires ainsi que dans des granules des cellules érythropoïétiques.La disposition des dépôts le long des membranes cellulaires et dans certains organites cytoplasmiques est discutée en fonction de la technique de mise en évidence.

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Summary A direct lead method for visualization of alkaline phosphatase activity at pH 8 was used in an electron microscope study of the foetal development of human liver.An accumulation of lead phosphate, the final product of the enzymatic reaction, was observed on the cell membranes of hepatocytes and also on those of erythroblasts, especially in immature cells.An intense reaction was observed in peribiliary granules and in granules of the erythropoietic cells.The localization of lead phosphate precipitate along the cell membranes and in some cytoplasmic bodies is discussed in relation to the procedure used.

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Ce travail a été effectué avec l'aide du Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique .