基于微课的翻转课堂在医学微生物实验教学改革中的探索

近年来翻转课堂作为以学生为主体、教师为主导的教学方式逐渐被应用于大学本科教学。本文以目前医学微生物学实验教学中存在的问题为着眼点,介绍了本校以基于微课的翻转课堂进行医学微生物实验教学改革的基本方式和实施效果。相对于传统教学模式,教改后的新型教学模式能够切实提高教学质量,也为本校其他医学基础实验课教学改革提供了有益的经验。     

基于同步在线翻转课堂在研究型微生物实验教学中的应用研究

以高校同步在线翻转课堂为基础的微生物实验课程改革为研究对象,将现有微生物实验课程内容整合为研究型实验模块,利用同步在线+翻转课堂教学模式,引导学生开展微生物实验自主探究式学习,通过三年4个学期8个班级248名学生的教学实践,发现采用新教学模式的学生对各实验模块教学打分较好。学生对翻转课堂教学方式非常认同（56%）,微课、探究实验、课堂演示实验、雨课堂等教学方式认同度显著高于其他教学方式,学生对微生物实验兴趣提高,实验操作熟练程度进步。利用翻转课堂+线上实验教学方式提高学生设计实验项目能力,增强高校大学生的创新意识。     

翻转课堂在高职微生物检验教学中的应用探讨

翻转课堂是一种颠覆传统的充满活力的全新教学模式,它包含了课前知识获取和课堂知识内化两部分。借力翻转课堂,充分利用信息技术,能真正实现授课时间的重新分配。本文旨在探讨如何有效的将翻转课堂理念引入高职医学微生物检验课程的教学中,发挥其优势,建立翻转课堂教学模型,探究其实施策略,以微生物检验中的重点内容——革兰染色法的教学为实例,融合多种教学方法,以期在信息化环境下,充分实现以学生为主体,教师为主导,强调问题中心、任务驱动、以学为主的教学模式深化改革,真正提高教学成效。     

基于合作学习的翻转课堂在微生物生态实验教学中的探索

借鉴合作学习的翻转课堂的理论和方法,以微生物生态实验教学为例,创造性构建了让学生参与到实验准备及教学视频录制的教学模式。该模式强化了学生对实验准备环节的学习认知,激发了学生的主观能动性,提高了实验技能、团队协作和创新意识等方面的教学效果,以期为高校实验教学改革提供借鉴。     

利用翻转课堂提高学生“细胞与分子生物学实验”课程的自主学习能力

为了促进学生自主学习能力的发展,提高教学质量,达到人才培养目标,"细胞与分子生物学实验"在全课程中采用了翻转课堂的教学模式。教师在课前引导预习,课中引导讨论,结合多样化评价方式,运用心理学量表测评翻转课堂的运用效果。结果显示,翻转课堂教学可使学生的自主学习能力显著提高,学习目标更明确,学习习惯得到改善,动手能力更强,从而全面提升了实验教学效果和学生素质。     

PBL联合翻转课堂在社区全科医学教学中的应用

目的探讨PBL联合翻转课堂在社区全科医学教学中的应用效果。方法将我院2014级临床医学专业本科实习生作为研究对象,随机分成实验组(n=32)和对照组(n=32)。由共同教师授予相同主题内容的课程,对照组采用传统教学法,实验组采用PBL联合翻转课堂教学法。课程结束后对学生进行基础理论知识、病史采集、病例分析及临床技能考核,并对学生进行教学效果的评价问卷调查。采用SPSS 25.0软件分析处理所有数据。结果实验组的各项考核成绩、对教学效果的主观评价均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 PBL联合翻转课堂教学优于传统教学模式,有助于提高学生综合能力,提高社区全科医学教学质量。     

医学微生物学设计性实验教学探索

医学微生物实验教学是医学微生物学的重要的组成部分,其教学效果的好坏直接影响到医学生今后的实践能力.而设计性实验有助于提高学生的动手能力、独立分析解决问题的能力,使学生对知识的掌握更加坚实本文从更新教师教学理念,科学设计实验课程体系、优化实验教学内容、实验平台同步对接四个方面阐述了设计性实验在医学微生物实验教学中的应用.     

微课和翻转课堂在生理学实验教学中的应用

目的:探讨微课(Microlecture)结合翻转课堂(Flipped Classroom)在生理学实验教学中的应用及效果。方法:以第四军医大学2010级临床医学专业五年制学员作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(A班,42人)和试验组(B班,42人),A班(7组,6人/组)接受传统方式的授课,B班(7组,6人/组)接受微课和翻转课堂模式的授课。课程结束后,以试卷考试,统计分析考试分数,同时用问卷调查评价教学效果。结果:试验组的总成绩明显高于对照组(P0.05)。学员对微课和翻转课堂教学法的效果评价明显优于传统的授课方式,微课结合翻转课堂在生理学实验教学中的应用明显提高了学员的实验兴趣、独立思考能力、动手能力、团队协作能力及自主学习能力。结论:微课结合翻转课堂在实验教学中的应用不但可以加深理论知识的理解,提高学员的各种技能,而且可推广应用到其他实验课程。     

翻转课堂在细胞生物学教学中的应用

翻转课堂是近年来备受关注的一种能有效调动学生学习积极性的教学模式。在课前,教师通过发布学习微视频和与之匹配的自学任务单完成知识的传递,学生通过观看微视频和完成任务单上的自测题实现知识的获取。在课堂,教师通过设计一系列学习任务,让学生通过小组合作的方式解决问题,从而实现对知识的内化。以培养大学生自主学习能力为目标,对基于翻转课堂模式的细胞生物学教学进行了连续3年的探索和改进,不断提高学生对翻转课堂在细胞生物学教学的满意度,增加了学生的学习兴趣,增强了学生团队合作与解决问题的能力。研究结果表明,翻转课堂教学模式不仅能提高学生的期末成绩,还增加了优秀率和及格率。     

环境微生物学翻转课堂教学改革探索

南京大学在环境微生物学教学中大力推进翻转课堂教学改革与实践。教学内容上注重夯实微生物基础,与实际生活和环境问题结合,重新编排环境微生物学课程知识体系,同时进行应用型和研究型的差异化教学。教学模式上,将启发式、互动式和研究型教学引入课堂,同时运用逐步推进式翻转课堂教学模式,注重反馈式教学,以学为本,以提高学生对环境微生物学的理解和应用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.