人工老化处理对小麦种子生理生化特性的影响

为探明小麦种子在贮藏过程中的生理生化变化规律及合适的老化处理条件,本研究采用高温高湿人工加速老化的方法,对5个非糯小麦和5个糯小麦品系的种子在50℃和90%相对湿度条件下分别处理0、2、4、6、8 d。结果表明:种子发芽率随着老化处理时间的延长而逐渐降低,电导率呈先降后升的趋势;非糯小麦种子的可溶性糖含量随着处理时间的延长呈先降后升、最后下降的趋势,糯小麦种子的可溶性糖含量随着处理时间的延长而逐渐上升;CAT、POD和SOD活性在处理2 d时降到最低,之后保持不变;可溶性蛋白质含量在处理2 d时有所增加,此后随处理时间的延长呈下降趋势;MDA含量随着处理时间的延长呈先降后升、最后降低的趋势。     

锰对大豆若干生理特性的影响

利用水培法研究锰对浙春2号和浙春3号大豆根系活力及叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛和蛋白质的影响。结果表明,适量锰处理可提高大豆根系活力,降低叶片中脯氨酸、蛋白质和丙二醛含量;锰过量,不利于大豆生长。两个大豆品种对锰的反应有差异,浙春3号对锰的敏感性大于浙春2号。     

种子老化过程中膜的变化及其原因

综述种子老化过程中细胞膜结构和透性的变化,分析种子老化过程中引起膜变化的原因。指出目前对种子老化和膜关系的研究现状及存在的问题。     

洋葱种子老化过程中的生理变化（简报）

人工加速老化的洋葱种子吸水速率显著增高,内含物的渗漏增大。在种子贮藏物质中,核酸、脂肪含量减少,而脂肪酸含量增加,过氧化氢酶活性则有下降的趋势。     

人工老化对老芒麦种子活力和生理生化变化的影响

以4份老芒麦种子为试验材料,利用100%RH高温高湿老化法(AA)对老芒麦种子进行不同梯度的老化处理,探讨老化后老芒麦种子活力和种子内部生理生化的变化。结果表明:随着老化程度的加深,4份老芒麦种子的各项活力指标均出现明显下降趋势;生理生化指标中,种子浸出液电导率出现先下降后缓慢上升、可溶性糖含量呈现先减少后增加的现象,而丙二醛含量则出现整体一致的上升趋势,POD活性变化无规则,SOD活性出现先增加后减小的现象,CAT活性则发生整体下降的趋势。本研究结果将为老芒麦种质资源的保护和遗传完整性的研究提供基础理论依据。     

银杏种子生长特性及其生理变化的研究

从纵径、横径、体积、重量等方面分析了银杏种子的生长特性及其生长过程中水分、糖类物质、脂肪酸、氨基酸的生理变化.结果表明,银杏种子的生长过程曲线为典型的单“S”型,种子纵径、横径、体积、重量、绝对含水量随生长过程呈“S”形变化.各种生理物质含量随种子生长过程呈规律性变化,且各有其特点.其中在种子生长后期糖类物质总量表现出上升的趋势,表明它们是种子中主要的营养储存物质.成熟种子含淀粉8.4%、葡萄糖6.7%、果糖4.2%、多糖0.02%、二糖0.01%;含肉豆蔻酸10.6%、棕榈烯酸4.1%、亚麻酸2.4%、硬脂酸1.9%、油酸1.1%、亚油酸0.4%.银杏种子富含15种氨基酸,成熟种子中总含量为1.56g·100g^-1FW,其中以赖氨酸、天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸的含量较高,它们的含量依次为0.287%、0.163%、0.136%、0.133%、0.123%、0.115%、0.095%.     

酚类化合物对大豆叶片生理特性及主茎生长的影响

大豆苗期喷施水杨酸、间苯二酚和丹宁酸后,叶片的过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和硝酸还原酶活性增强,叶绿素、蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量增加,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量下降,主茎生长速率加快。三种酚类物质对叶片生理特性的影响大小依次为间苯二酚、丹宁酸、水杨酸;对主茎生长速率的影响大小依次为丹宁酸、间苯二酚、水杨酸。     

植物群落演替过程中植物生理生态学特性及其主要环境因子的变化

对20世纪80年代以来有关植物群落演替的生理生态学机制研究的主要结果进行了综述.演替早期和演替后期各种植物所处环境常有很大差别.演替早期的生境具有开放性和光照充足等特点,各环境因子富于变化;演替后期的生境由于植被的缓冲作用,一般较为封闭和稳定,各环境因子在空间尺度上的异质性较强.演替早期和演替后期群落不仅物种组成不同,而且在演替不同阶段中出现的物种的生理生态特性以及对环境的适应性也有很大差别,这些物种的生理生态差异使得物种更替现象经常发生, 也使得演替能够顺利进行.在全球气候变化影响下,生态系统将会出现更多的次生演替和长时间停留于演替早期阶段的情况.     

大豆生理生态特性与产量的关系

比较研究了1970s、1980s和1990s期间不同大豆 ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)品种的生理生态特性:光合作用、蒸腾作用、气孔导度、水分利用效率、胞间CO2浓度和叶片水势,分析了各生理生态特性之间以及与产量在不同生育期的关系.研究表明光合速率和产量之间存在显著的相关关系,高产大豆同时具有高的气孔导度和水势,胞间CO2浓度则很低,特别是在鼓粒期关系更为显著.高产大豆的光合作用在鼓粒期达到最高值,光合作用日变化呈双峰曲线.在鼓粒期高产大豆的光合产物大量运往籽粒中,对于高产品种和高光效-"源"固然重要,而"流"-光合产物的合理运转和分配对产量则更为重要.     

桃儿七种子低温层积过程中胚形态及生理生化物质变化

为探究低温层积过程中桃儿七种子胚形态及生理生化变化与休眠解除的内在联系,该研究通过低温层积处理(90 d)解除桃儿七种子休眠,观测不同层积时间种子胚形态、胚率、发芽率、营养物质(淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖)含量、内源激素[赤霉素(GA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)]水平及呼吸途径关键限速酶[丙酮酸激酶(PK...     

大豆抗灰斑病菌多个生理小种资源的筛选

用人工接种大豆灰斑病茼的方法对224份供试材料,在生理小种水平上进行了抗性鉴定,筛选出抗8个以上生理小种的多抗资源47份,占供试材料的20．98％,其中东北农业大学的材料最多,比例达46．81％;黑龙江省主栽品种有5份,占多抗材料的10．64％。供试材料中,有抗单个小种和抗多个甚至全部生理小种的品种,表明在现行大豆品种资源中,具有较丰富的专化抗性资源和广谱性的抗源。     

磁化水浸种对西瓜种子萌发及幼苗生理的影响

用不同强度的磁化水(0．05T、0．08T、0．10T、0．15T)浸种西瓜种子研究磁化水对西瓜种子萌发及幼苗生理的影响,结果表明：与对照相比,各种强度磁化水浸种都能提高种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和幼苗的抗坏血酸含量,其中0．10T磁化水处理后西瓜种子发芽率、发芽势提高幅度最大;对抗坏血酸含量的影响以0．08T处理最明显;经过不同强度磁化水处理后幼苗中的过氧化物酶同工酶酶、酯酶同工酶活性得到不同强度的增强,不同品种表现不同。实验结果说明磁化水处理后能明显提高西瓜种子的萌发能力,并能提高幼苗的各种生理活性。     

Physiological Effects of Hydration-Dehydration Treatment on Soybean Seeds to Enhance Its Resistance to Imbibitional Chilling Injury

The soybean (Glycine max Merrill) cv. “Heihe No. 3” which is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury was used as experimental material. From the point of cell membranes and by means of physiological tests, the relation of hydration-dehydration to membrane repairation during rehydration in seeds was discussed, and a new point of view on the acting mechanisms of hydration-dehydration was approached. The resistance of seed to imbibitional chilling injury was obviouslv enhanced, its apparent efficiency displayed the enhance of seed rigor, reduction of leakage, especially the K+/Na+ ratio; increasing the K+-Na+-ATPase activity,. The facts indicate that the function of cytoplasmic membrane was enhanced and maintained normally. In the meantime, the activities of SOD, catalase and peroxidase were all enhanced, and the production of volatile aldehydes were decreased. It shows that the function of cell antiautoxidation system was greatly improved. Based on a series of physiological and biochemical index mentioned above and the comparison of water-absorbed curves, a postulated model of membrane system induced by hydration-dehydration treatment is given. It is considered that the effects of the two processes, i,e. physical membrane repairation as well as the physiological and biochemical repairation, will be persisted in the redehydrated seeds.     

植酸对杂交水稻V20B种子萌发及生理特性的影响

以杂交水稻V20B 为材料,研究外源植酸对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,外源植酸浓度为10 mmol/L 时能明显抑制种子萌发。生理生化检测表明,植酸对杂交水稻种子萌发过程中α-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖和内源植酸含量变化有不同程度的影响。     

玉米种子老化过程中EST同工酶变化与染色体畸变的研究

对玉米自交系Mo17种子分别进行58℃热水和45℃恒温老化处理并对种子老化过程中种子发芽率、EST同工酶酶谱变化与染色体畸变规律进行了研究。结果显示：Mo17玉米种子萌发一天的种子胚EST酶谱共表现为14条清晰条带,58℃热水处理30min后,有四条酶带(Rf值为0．44、0．47、0．77、0．80)消失,酶带号为1、2、6、7、9的五条酶带着色变浅。由一、二级酶带变为二、三级酶带。45℃恒温老化处理60d后,Mo17种子EST酶谱中编号为2和5的两条酶带(Rf值为0．33、0．39)消失。处理70d后,种子发芽率降至39％,醇带号为11、12、13、14的四条酶带消失。随着老化时间延长。老化程度不断加重,发芽率低的玉米种子其根尖染色体畸变率相对较高,单桥、双桥、断片、落后及其它染色体畸变类型均被观察到。58℃热水老化其发芽率降至5％时,染色体畸变率上升为12．22％。     

Absence of Lipid Oxidation during Accelerated Aging of Soybean Seeds

When seeds of soybean were subjected to accelerated aging, the amount of total lipid which was extracted from the whole seed increased with “age,” whereas the extractable phospholipid decreased slightly. This small decline primarily reflected changes in the amounts of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The levels of unsaturated fatty acids in the whole seed and in the seed axis showed no decline during aging. Similarly, the fatty acids in a polar lipid extract from the whole seed showed little change in unsaturation. These results suggest that oxidation of seed lipids may be unrelated to the process of seed aging.     

Molecular Marker Analysis of Differentially Aged Seeds of Soybean and Safflower

Storage of seeds for extended periods causes a number of degradative changes related to the aging process such as decreased seedling vigor and reduced germination. In this study, molecular markers were used to study the aging process in seeds of two different plants species. Seeds of three differentially aged seed groups, including control (un-aged), naturally aged, and accelerated aging, from soybean (Glycine max) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) were evaluated for genetic variability using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. For both plant species, naturally aged and accelerated aged groups clustered together with RAPD markers, whereas control and naturally aged seeds showed similarity in both AFLP and SSR profiles. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that observed changes in DNA profiles of seeds from different aged groups did not contribute to accumulation of genetic variations of the same magnitude. Therefore, seed of similar viability must be selected for molecular marker analysis for plant variety protection, among other comparative studies.     

不同红麻种子耐老化性差异及热稳定蛋白的研究

利用10份红麻品种为材料,研究红麻种子在人工老化过程中耐老化差异及其与热稳定蛋白的关系。结果表明:(1)随着老化处理程度加深,10份红麻品种种子的发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数均逐渐下降,但品种之间有显著差异;(2)热稳定蛋白含量随着老化处理的加深呈现上升的趋势,通过SDS-PAGE电泳显示,辽55在140h老化处理中出现一条差异带,分子量为62.8kD,其他9个品种各个处理间未出现差异带。10份红麻品种在老化过程中,辽55最耐老化,在辽55中发现的热稳定蛋白可能与红麻品种的耐老化性及种子活力的丧失有关。     

Aging of Soybean Seeds in Relation to Metabolism at Different Relative Humidities

The present study was carried out to clarify the relationshipsbetween respiration, moisture content and the aging of dry soybean(Glycine max) seeds under different storage conditions. Ethanolicfermentation increased with increasing relative humidity (RH)during storage. However, at 75% RH which corresponded to a watercontent of 15.2% in seeds, the production of ethanol ceasedafter one month of storage. The ethanol that had accumulatedwithin the container was re-absorbed by the seeds themselvesand disappeared entirely within 3 months, unless the seeds wereexposed to HCN gas. Similar changes were also found for methanol.The activity of mitochondria increased only in seeds storedat 75% RH, it reached a maximum after the third month of storageand then rapidly declined. The amounts of both CoA and acetylCoA in seeds that had been stored for 4 months were far lowerat 75% RH than at 53% RH, and the viability of soybean seedsstarted to decrease after the fourth month at 75% RH. Therefore,a major cause of the rapid deterioration of seeds at 75% RHat room temperature seems to be the rapid development of mitochondrialrespiration, which is accompanied by the consumption of CoAand its acetyl derivatives. By contrast, the slow deteriorationof seeds during long-term storage at 33% to 68% RH and/or atsubzero temperatures seems to be due to the toxic action ofacetaldehyde, an intermediate in ethanolic fermentation, whichcan slowly occur. (Received April 10, 1995; Accepted July 10, 1995)